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نتیجه جستجو - اقتصاد سیاسی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 15
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The impact of the general data protection regulation on innovation and the global political economy
تأثیر مقررات کلی حفاظت از داده ها بر نوآوری و اقتصاد سیاسی جهانی-2020
This paper attempts to outline how the General Data Protection Regulation might be positive not only for consumers and societal well-being but also for innovation in the digital age. Situated within the highly charged debate regarding the impact of regulations on innovation, this paper examines the General Data Protection Regulation in light of the theoretical facets underpinning the contexts in which regulation has a positive effect on innovation. These are in relation to firstly, tackling concentrated market power where too much concentration leads to the hampering of competitiveness and innovation. Secondly, structural features outlined in the Porter hypothesis that a regulation should have to promote innovation and thirdly, whether the General Data Protection Regulation falls within the scope of the Brussels effect and hence, levels the competitive playing field as well as helps shape the future of the digital economy. The General Data Protection Regulation’s alignment with these three dimensions is outlined with certain deviations being noted.
Keywords: GDPR | Regulation | Innovation | Competition | Porter hypothesis | Brussels effect
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Delay determinants of European Banking Union implementation
تعیین کننده های تأخیر در اجرای اتحادیه بانکداری اروپا-2019
Most countries in the European Union (EU) delay the transposition of European Commission (EC) directives, which aim at reforming banking supervision, resolution, and deposit insurance. We compile a systematic overview of these delays to investigate if they result from strategic considerations of governments conditional on the state of their financial, regulatory, and political systems. Transposition delays pertaining to the three Banking Union directives differ considerably across the 28 EU members. Bivariate regression analyses suggest that existing national bank regulation and supervision drive delays the most. Political factors are less relevant. These results are qualitatively insensitive to alternative estimation methods and lag structures. Multivariate analyses highlight that well-stocked deposit insurance schemes speed-up the implementation of capital requirements, banking systems with many banks are slower in implementing new bank rescue and resolution rules, and countries with a more intensive sovereign-bank nexus delay the harmonization of EU deposit insurance more
Keywords: Single Rulebook | Political economy | Transposition delays
مقاله انگلیسی
3 When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction
وقتی داده سرمایه است: داده سازی، انباشت و استخراج-2019
The collection and circulation of data is now a central element of increasingly more sectors of contemporary capitalism. This article analyses data as a form of capital that is distinct from, but has its roots in, economic capital. Data collection is driven by the perpetual cycle of capital accumulation, which in turn drives capital to construct and rely upon a universe in which everything is made of data. The imperative to capture all data, from all sources, by any means possible influences many key decisions about business models, political governance, and technological development. This article argues that many common practices of data accumulation should actually be understood in terms of data extraction, wherein data is taken with little regard for consent and compensation. By understanding data as a form capital, we can better analyse the meaning, practices, and implications of datafication as a political economic regime.
Keywords: Big Data | digital capitalism | value | political economy | Marx | Bourdieu
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Political economists or political economists? The role of political environments in the formation of fed policy under burns, Greenspan, and Bernanke
اقتصاددانان سیاسی یا اقتصاددانان سیاسی؟ نقش محیط های سیاسی در شکل گیری سیاست تغذیه شده در زیر سوختگی ، گرین اسپان و برنانکی-2019
tHow do political environments influence the behavior of economists who transition from academic andbusiness environments to policymaking positions? And, more specifically, are an economist’s preexist-ing beliefs and principles congruent with their policy stances and actions once they transition into apolicy role? These questions are particularly relevant when it comes to central banking because centralbankers, who wield substantial economic influence, are often selected for policy roles based partly ontheir stated principles and beliefs. To address these questions, we analyze the writings and speeches ofthree economists, Arthur Burns, Alan Greenspan, and Ben Bernanke, as they transitioned to becomingchairmen of the Fed. The tension between their previously stated views and their subsequent policystances as Fed chairmen suggest that operation within political institutions impelled them to alter theirviews. Our findings suggest it is important to take a realistic view of politics and the political processwhen discussing central banking and monetary policy.
Keywords:Central banking | Monetary policy | Public choice | Political economya
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Big data and food retail: Nudging out citizens by creating dependent consumers
داده های بزرگ و خرده فروشی مواد غذایی:اشاره ه شهروندان خارجی از طریق ایجاد مصرف کنندگان وابسته-2018
The paper takes a critical look at how food retail firms use big data, looking specifically at how these techniques and technologies govern our ability to imagine food worlds. It does this by drawing on two sets of data: (1) interviews with twenty-one individuals who oversaw the use of big data applications in a retail setting and (2) five consumer focus groups composed of individuals who regularly shopped at major food chains along Colorado’s Front Range. For reasons described below, the “nudge” provides the conceptual entry point for this analysis, as these techniques are typically expressed through big data-driven nudges. The argument begins by describing the nudge concept and how it is used in the context of retail big data. This is followed by a discussion of methods. The remainder of the paper discusses how big data are used to nudge consumers and the effects of these practices. This analysis is organized around three themes that emerged out of the qualitative data: path dependency, products; path dependency, retail; and path dependency, habitus. The paper concludes connecting these themes through the concept of governance, particularly by way of their ability to, in Foucault’s (2003: 241) words, have “the power to ‘make’ live and ‘let’ die” worlds.
Keywords: Consumerism ، Habitus ، Governance ، Political economy ، Choice ، Convenience
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Capitalizing on the State: The political economy of Real Estate Investment Trusts and the ‘Resolution’ of the crisis
سرمایه گذاری بر دولت: اقتصاد سیاسی اعتماد سرمایه گذاری املاک و "قطعنامه" بحران-2018
A burgeoning literature demonstrates how the inter-dependent relationship between the financial and real estate sectors has intensified boom-bust dynamics within urban property markets. Indeed, following the financial crisis of 2008, this articulation of increased financial risk within cities has been evidenced in the avalanche of dis tressed property assets and debt that accompanied the collapse of property markets internationally. However, while research has focused on the causes of the crash and its economic, social and political impacts, knowledge is less developed regarding how the link between finance and the built environment is being re-established. How are the circuits of capital into distressed property markets being rebooted in post-crisis contexts and what are the implications for the existing political economy? In response, this article explores the development of the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) market in Ireland as part of a wider effort to deleverage the country’s failed banking sector and to attract global, yield-seeking capital into the moribund property market. Despite their location at the nexus between financial and real estate markets, REITs have not figured highly in critical geo graphic discussion of the financialization of real estate. This article addresses this gap by contextualising the history, politics and geography of REITs and by stressing their urban dimensions, as well as demonstrating how they are capitalizing on the deleveraging of the Irish banking and development sectors in the interests of global financial investors.
Keywords: Financialization ، Real Estate Investment Trust ، Financial crisis ، Financial chain ، Ireland ، Political economy
مقاله انگلیسی
7 GDP Management to Meet or Beat Growth Targets
مدیریت تولید ناخالص داخلی برای برآورده ساختن یا رشد هدف-2018
We apply the discontinuity methodology from the accounting literature to a political economy setting of GDP reporting and examine whether Chinese local governments manage regional GDP numbers. We find strong evidence of discontinuities around zero in the distribution of actual minus target GDP growth rates. The frequencies of just meeting or beating GDP growth targets are about five (four) times the frequencies of just missing targets at the prefecture (province) level. The results are stronger for governors with longer tenures and those without political connections to higher-level officials as well as for local governments with more resources under their control.
Keywords: GDP growth, earnings management, political economy, discontinuity, forecast error
مقاله انگلیسی
8 The political economy of teacher management reform in Indonesia
اقتصاد سیاسی اصلاح مدیریت معلمان در اندونزی-2018
Indonesia faces serious problems in the number, cost, quality and distribution of teachers. In recent years, its central government has introduced a range of reforms to address these problems but they have produced modest results. This paper suggests that this outcome reflects the way in which predatory political and bureaucratic elites have used the school system for decades to accumulate resources, distribute patronage, mobilize political support, and exercise political control rather than promote improved learning outcomes. Efforts to reduce teacher numbers, enhance teacher quality, and improve teacher distribution have accordingly constituted an assault on the interests of these elites, provoking powerful, if often subterranean, resistance. Broadly, reform has only occurred where the central government has employed policy instruments that have disciplined local gov ernments and maintained a commitment to these instruments in the face of resistance. The paper concludes by assessing the implications for Indonesian education.
Keywords: Political economy ، Education ، Teachers ، Teacher management ، Indonesia
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The political economy of teacher management reform in Indonesia
اقتصاد سیاسی اصلاح مدیریت معلم در اندونزی-2018
Indonesia faces serious problems in the number, cost, quality and distribution of teachers. In recent years, its central government has introduced a range of reforms to address these problems but they have produced modest results. This paper suggests that this outcome reflects the way in which predatory political and bureaucratic elites have used the school system for decades to accumulate resources, distribute patronage, mobilize political support, and exercise political control rather than promote improved learning outcomes. Efforts to reduce teacher numbers, enhance teacher quality, and improve teacher distribution have accordingly constituted an assault on the interests of these elites, provoking powerful, if often subterranean, resistance. Broadly, reform has only occurred where the central government has employed policy instruments that have disciplined local governments and maintained a commitment to these instruments in the face of resistance. The paper concludes by assessing the implications for Indonesian education.
keywords: Political economy |Education |Teachers |Teacher management |Indonesia
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Collective versus individual Decision-Making: A case study of the Bank of Israel Law
تصمیم گیری جمعی در مقابل تصمیم گیری فردی: مطالعه موردی قانون بانک اسرائیل-2017
The new Bank of Israel Law of 2010 changed monetary policy decision-making at the Bank of Israel from a setup where decisions are taken by the governor to one where decisions are taken by a committee of voting members. We use this institutional change as a natu ral experiment to compare individual versus collective decision-making. Empirical results show different dynamics for interest rate decisions across the two regimes and support the view that the status quo bias is larger when decisions are taken by a committee than when they are taken by a single individual.
Keywords: Committees | Voting models | Political economy of central banking
مقاله انگلیسی
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