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نتیجه جستجو - انتشار گاز

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 48
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Developing a two-stage model for a sustainable closed-loop supply chain with pricing and advertising decisions
در حال توسعه یک مدل دو مرحله ای برای یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته پایدار با تصمیمات قیمت گذاری و تبلیغات-2021
Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) has become a critical problem due to its effects on various factors including economic motivations, environmental concerns, and social impacts. Moreover, there are coordination tools, such as pricing and advertising, which impact its performance. In this paper, we offer a two-stage approach to model and solve a sustainable CLSC, taking into account pricing, green quality, and advertising. In the first stage, optimal decisions on pricing, greening, and advertising are made, while in the second stage, a fuzzy multi- objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is used to maximize the total profit, reduce CO2 emissions, and improve social impacts. Suitable solution methods are introduced according to the scale of the problem. For small-scale instances, an augmented ϵ-constraint method is used to solve the problem. For large-scale instances, approximations are required, and a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm solves the problem in polynomial time. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through various numerical examples. The results illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the model, while confirming significant improvements in sustainable objectives under optimal pricing, green quality, and advertising. Besides, the proposed Lagrangian relaxation method significantly reduces the computational time for large-scale instances, with only a 2.308% deviation from the optimal results.
Keywords: Sustainable closed-loop supply chain | Multi-objective programming | Supply chain pricing | Augmented ϵ-constraint | Lagrangian relaxation | CO2 emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Ecosystem accounting to support the Common Agricultural Policy
حسابداری اکوسیستم برای حمایت از سیاست های کشاورزی مشترک-2021
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) provides an integrated statistical framework which organizes spatially explicit data on environmental quality, natural capital and ecosystem services and links this information to economic activities such as agriculture. In this paper we assess how the SEEA EA can support the monitoring and evaluation of environmental objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We focus on the Netherlands, for which an elaborate set of SEEA EA accounts has been published, and the themes of nitrogen pollution and farmland biodiversity. We studied the completeness of in- dicators included in the accounts, their quality and analysed how the accounts could support agri-environmental reporting, agri-environmental measures effectiveness assessments, and results-based payments to farmers. As a reference we used the Driving forces – Pressures – State – Impacts - Responses (DPSIR) framework. The Dutch SEEA EA accounts only include half of the indicators which we considered essential to assess the effects of farming on natural capital and ecosystem services for the two studied environmental themes. However, most gaps in the accounts could be filled with other publicly available environmental monitoring data. Regarding N pollution, the availability and reliability of indicators at landscape and farm scales are not sufficient to support the assessment of agri-environmental measures effectiveness and results-based payments to decrease N pollution. The accounts have a higher potential to support the assessment of measures to conserve farmland biodiversity, in particular due to high resolution maps of ecosystem extent and ecosystem services flows. The potential of the SEEA EA accounts may be more limited in other countries where ecosystem accounting has only recently started. However, the SEEA EA is also implemented at the European Union scale, so that SEEA EA indicators will gradually become available for all European countries. To enhance the relevance of the SEEA EA in the agri- environmental policy area, we recommend to integrate information on farming emissions (externalities) recor- ded in the SEEA Central Framework with SEEA EA accounts and evaluate the applicability of SEEA EA accounts for case studies at landscape and farm scales. Our research shows that the Dutch SEEA EA accounts, com- plemented with other data sources, have potential to strongly enhance the CAP monitoring and evaluation framework but further steps need to be taken to fill data gaps.
keywords: اقدامات زیست محیطی | کلاه لبه دار | رادیو | پایتخت طبیعی | خدمات محیط زیستی | زمینه های کشاورزی | Agri-environment measures | CAP | SEEA EA | Natural capital | Ecosystem services | Farming externalities
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A more complete accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in urban landscapes
یک حسابداری کاملتر از انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای و ترسیب در مناظر شهری-2021
Understanding interactions between complex human and natural systems involved in urban carbon cycling is important when balancing the dual goals of urban development to accommodate a growing population, while also achieving urban carbon neutrality. This study develops a systems breakdown accounting method to assess the urban carbon cycle. The method facilitates greater understanding of the complex interactions within and between systems involved in this cycle, in order to identify ways in which humans can adapt their interactions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from urban regions. Testing the systems breakdown accounting method in Stockholm County, Sweden, we find that it provides new insights into the carbon interactions with urban green-blue areas in the region. Results show how Stockholm County can reduce its emissions and achieve its goal of local carbon net-neutrality, if the green areas protect its carbon sequestration potential and maintain it to offset projected remaining active emissions. Results also show that the inland surface waters and inner archipelago waters within Stockholm County are a considerable source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. A better understanding of these water emissions is necessary to formulate effective planning and policy measures that can reduce urban emissions. The insights gained from this study can also be applied in other regions. In particular, water bodies could play a significant role in the urban carbon cycle and using this knowledge for more complete carbon accounting, and a better understanding of green-blue interactions could help to reduce net urban emissions in many places.
keywords: انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | جداسازی کربن | چرخه کربن شهری | تغییر استفاده از زمین | برنامه ریزی شهری پایدار | حسابداری کربن | Greenhouse gas emissions | Carbon sequestration | Urban carbon cycle | Land use change | Sustainable urban planning | Carbon accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Greenhouse gas emissions in British Columbia: Production versus consumption accounting from 2010 to 2015
انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای در بریتیش کلمبیا: تولید در مقایسه با مصرف حسابداری از سال 2010 تا 2015-2021
As a result of carbon-pricing policies, a number of jurisdictions across the world claim to be decoupling their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their gross domestic product (GDP). In British Columbia (BC), Canada, in what appears to be decoupling from 2007 to 2018, GHGs with respect to GDP declined by 16% ( BC Government 2020 ). This finding, however, is the result of a production-based method of accounting— the predominant global approach for allocating emissions—and not a consumption-based method. In this study, we compare these two accounting methods with respect to British Columbian decoupling. We cal- culate consumption-based emissions through a multi-regional input-output analysis from 2010 to 2015. In our results for 2015, we find total consumption emissions of 82.5Mt of CO 2 e; when compared to the total production emissions of 73.7Mt of CO 2 e, we find BC to be a net consumer of emissions by 8.8Mt of CO 2 e for 2015. Although BC has had this net consumer status since at least 2004 ( Dobson and Fellows, 2017 ), this orientation is in decline primarily due to the decarbonizing trends of China and the USA. In short, for BC from 2010–2015, on a per capita basis, both production and consumption accounts of emissions de- clined (even as GDP rose), but per capita consumption accounts declined more than production accounts and mostly due to emissions reductions from trade partners. Finally, this study may be of interest to policymakers and scientists, and like other scholars, we recommend that consumption-based inventories accompany production-based accounts when designing and assessing global GHG mitigation policy. © 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords: انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | تجزیه و تحلیل خروجی چند منطقه ای | معامله بین المللی | گازهای گلخانه ای | تغییرات اقلیمی | Embodied emissions | Multi-regional input-output analysis | International trade | Greenhouse gasses | Climate change
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Accounting for elephants: The (post)politics of carbon omissions
حسابداری برای فیل ها: سیاست (پسا) انتشار کربن-2021
This paper explores the relationship between accounting, standardisation and politics through the case of a protest surrounding Manchester’s carbon accountability. Responding to critiques that literature on the relation between accounting and politics tends to overlook silences and fundamental disagreements surrounding the ‘uncounted’, this paper mobilises the political thinking of Jacques Ranci`ere. In doing so, it joins an emerging body of literature considering accounting in relation to pluralism and difference. Ranci`ere’s political thought provides a way to consider the limits of consensus on what should count, the subjectivity in how we count, who is able to make things count, and how particular regimes of counting are sustained and disrupted. Empirically, this paper considers the City of Manchester’s carbon accounts and targets at the time of their 2010 Stakeholder Conference and an activist attempt to declare Manchester Airport as the ‘elephant in the room’. It draws upon interviews with policymakers, activists, experts and accountants working in Manchester. Mobilising Ranci`ere’s notion of postdemocracy, I demonstrate how the consensus around standardisation is used to depoliticise dis- agreements on what emissions should ‘count’ and conclude by offering reflection on how repoliticisation might occur.
keywords: کربن | حسابداری | استانداردهای | سیاست | پسا سیاست | Carbon | Accounting | Standards | Politics | Post-Politics
مقاله انگلیسی
6 مسائل حسابداری : بررسی مجدد ادعای جداسازی و رشد سبز واقعی در کشورهای اسکاندیناوی را دارد
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 31
مدرن‌سازی اکولوژیکی به شکل حمایت از مفهوم رشد سبز , گفتمان غالب در سیاست زیست‌محیطی در سطح جهانی باقی می‌ماند . با این حال , پرسش‌هایی از محدودیت‌های توسعه اقتصادی و رشد بر روی یک سیاره با منابع طبیعی محدود , حداقل از زمان 1970s در هسته گفتمان‌های محیطی بوده‌است . تلاش اخیر Stoknes و Rockstrom ( 2018 ) به دنبال متحد کردن مفاهیمی از محدودیت‌های اکولوژیک با مفهوم رشد سبز با پیشنهاد رشد سبز واقعی به عنوان نشان دادن موقعیت زمانی است که رشد مرزه‌ای سیاره‌ای را مد نظر قرار می‌دهد. با تمرکز بر روی خط سیر جدید در شدت انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای , آن‌ها کشورهای اسکاندیناوی از جمله دانمارک را به عنوان نمونه‌هایی از چنین رشد واقعی سبز برجسته می‌کنند . در این مقاله , ما نشان می‌دهیم که مفهوم‌سازی خاص رشد سبز واقعی و ادعاهای حاصل در مورد کشورهای اسکاندیناوی براساس مفروضات خاص , به طور خاص مربوط به چارچوب‌های حسابداری کربن سطح ملی و اندازه بقیه بودجه جهانی کربن است . با باز کردن این فرضیات برای تجزیه و تحلیل , جانبداری و ماهیت نادرست بالقوه مفهوم‌سازی را نشان می‌دهیم .
واژه های کاربردی: رشد سبز | حسابداری کربن | شاخص‌ها | اسکاندیناوی | پیشرفته سازی بوم‌شناسی | حاکمیت محیطی
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 Techno-economic and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment of liquefied natural gas supply chain in China
ارزیابی فنی و اقتصادی و چرخه زندگی انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای از زنجیره تامین گاز طبیعی مایع در چین-2021
This study assessed the techno-economic performance and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for various liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chains in China in order to find the most efficient way to supply and use LNG. This study improves current literature by adding supply chain optimization options (cold energy recovery and hydrogen production) and by analyzing the entire supply chain of four different LNG end-users (power generation, industrial heating, residential heating, and truck usage). This resulted in 33 LNG pathways for which the energy efficiency, life cycle GHG emissions, and life cycle costs were determined by process-based material and energy flow analysis, life cycle assessment, and pro- duction cost calculation, respectively. The LNG and hydrogen supply chains were compared with a reference chain (coal or diesel) to determine avoided GHG emissions and GHG avoidance costs. Results show that NG with full cryogenic carbon dioxide capture (FCCC) is most beneficial pathway for both avoided GHG emissions and GHG avoidance costs (70.5e112.4 g CO2-e/MJLNG and 66.0e95.9 $/t CO2-e). The best case was obtained when NG with FCCC replaces coal-fired power plants. Results also indicate that hydrogen pathways requires maturation of new technology options and significant capital cost reductions to become attractive.© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Liquefied natural gas | Techno-economic assessment | Life cycle greenhouse gas emission | Cold recovery | Blue hydrogen
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Evaluating CO2 emissions from continuous flow and batch growth systems under autotrophic mode: Implications for GHG accounting of biological nutrient removal
ارزیابی انتشار CO2 از جریان مداوم جریان و سیستم های رشد دسته ای تحت حالت اتوتروفیک: پیامدهای حسابداری GHG از حذف مواد مغذی زیستی-2021
The oxidation of ammonia by autotrophic bacteria is a central part of the nitrogen cycle and a fundamental aspect of biological nutrient removal (BNR) during wastewater treatment. Autotrophic ammonia oxidation produces protons and results in net-CO2 production due to the neutralizing effect of bicarbonate alkalinity. Attention must be paid to the propensity for this produced CO2 to be transferred to the atmosphere where it can act as a greenhouse gas (GHG). In the context of BNR systems, bicarbonate-derived CO2 emissions should be considered distinct from the biogenic CO2 that arises from cellular respiration, though this distinction is not made in current GHG accounting practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two experimental systems operated under autotrophic mode and buffered with bicarbonate, to investigate the rela- tionship between ammonia removal and gaseous CO2 emissions. The first system consisted of continuously aerated lab-scale batch reactors, which were effective in demonstrating the important link between ammonia oxidizer activity, pH, and gaseous CO2 production. Depletion of the buffer system always led to a rapid decline in system pH and cessation of CO2 emissions when the pH fell below 7.0. The second system was a tubular continuous-flow biofilm reactor which permitted comparison of ammonia removal and CO2 emission rates. A linear relationship between ammonia removal and CO2 emissions was demonstrated and the quantified CO2 production was relatively close to that which was predicted based on the stoichiometry of nitrification, with this CO2 being detected in the gas phase. It was apparent that this system offered minimal resistance to the mass transfer of CO2 from the liquid to gas, which is an important factor that determines how much of the bicarbonate- derived CO2 may contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in engineered systems such as those used for BNR.
keywords: اکسیداسیون آمونیاک اتوتروفیک | بیوفیلم های autotrophic | حذف مواد مغذی زیستی | قلیایی کربنات | انتشار گاز CO2 | انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | Autotrophic ammonia oxidation | Autotrophic biofilms | Biological nutrient removal | Carbonate alkalinity | CO2 emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Accounting matters: Revisiting claims of decoupling and genuine green growth in Nordic countries
مسائل حسابداری: بررسی مجدد ادعاهای جدایی و رشد سبز واقعی در کشورهای شمال اروپا-2021
Ecological modernisation in the form of support to the notion of green growth remains the dominant discourse in environmental policy globally. Still, questions of limits to economic expansion and growth on a planet with finite natural resources have been at the core of environmental discourses at least since the 1970s. A recent effort by Stoknes and Rockstr¨om (2018) seeks to unite notions of ecological limits with the concept of green growth by proposing genuine green growth as denoting a situation when growth respects planetary boundaries. Focusing on recent trajectories in emissions intensity, they highlight Nordic countries including Denmark as examples of such genuine green growth. In this article, we demonstrate that the specific conceptualization of genuine green growth and resulting claims about the Nordic countries rest on particular assumptions, specifically concerning national- level carbon accounting frameworks and the size of the remaining global carbon budget. By opening up these assumptions for analysis we illustrate the partiality and potentially misleading nature of the conceptualization of GGG.
keywords: رشد سبز | حسابداری کربن | شاخص ها | نوردیکس | مدرنیزاسیون زیست محیطی | حکومتداری محیط زیست | Green growth | Carbon accounting | Indicators | Nordics | Ecological modernisation | Environmental governance
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Conjugation of border and domestic carbon adjustment and implications under production and consumption-based accounting of India•s National Emission Inventory: A recursive dynamic CGE analysis
ترکیب تنظیمات کربن مرزی و داخلی و پیامدهای آن در حسابداری مبتنی بر تولید و مصرف موجودی انتشار ملی هند: یک تحلیل CGE پویا بازگشتی-2021
India initiated prudent measures voluntarily in the last two decades to combat against excessive carbon emissions. Acknowledging these initiatives, the study conjoins the policy of ‘border carbon adjustment (BCA)’ by the developed countries on Indian export with the ‘domestic carbon adjustment (DCA)’ by In- dia to evaluate its impact on emission reduction and the macroeconomy. The study also raises an in- consistency in this dual carbon adjustment under the production-based accounting (PBA) of the ‘national emission inventory (NEI)’ and conducts simulation experiments under the PBA and alternatively proposed consumption-based accounting (CBA) framework. The results reveal that the closer the rates of BCA and DCA the more effective the carbon adjustment schemes are. The dual carbon adjustment also found giv- ing better outcome under the CBA than PBA. The result of carbon-revenue recycling schemes suggest direct compensation to the enterprises for making the economy recover from the carbon tax-distortions in the most effective way.
keywords: تنظیم کربن مرزی (BCA) | تنظیم کربن داخلی (DCA) | موجودی ملی انتشار (NEI) | حسابداری مبتنی بر تولید (PBA) | حسابداری مبتنی بر مصرف (CBA) | تعادل عمومی محاسبه (CGE) | بازیافت درآمد کربن | هندوستان | Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) | Domestic Carbon Adjustment (DCA) | National Emission Inventory (NEI) | Production-based Accounting (PBA) | Consumption-based Accounting (CBA) | Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) | Carbon Revenue Recycling | India
مقاله انگلیسی
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