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نتیجه جستجو - انرژی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 1038
ردیف عنوان نوع
71 Multi-objective stochastic programming energy management for integrated INVELOX turbines in microgrids: A new type of turbines
مدیریت انرژی برنامه نویسی تصادفی چند منظوره برای توربین های یکپارچه INVELOX در میکروگریدها: نوع جدیدی از توربین ها-2020
In this paper, a new type of wind turbine that is called INVELOX has been used. INVELOX has many advantages such as six times more power generation than previous types, work at low speed, inconsiderable maintenance and investment costs, and reduce the environmental effects of previous wind turbines. Moreover, other renewable and nonrenewable generators are used in the energy management and scheduling of the microgrid. The test case is a microgrid with selling and buying energy capability in which the cost and pollution are considered as the objective functions. In the following, Uncertainties of wind speed, solar radiation and electrical-thermal loads are investigated and a multi-objective stochastic mixed integer linear programming is solved in the first scenario. Then, in the second scenario, the effects of fuel cost uncertainty on generation units and objective functions have been studied. The Epsilon constraints method and fuzzy satisfying are utilized to solve the problem and choose the best solution, respectively. By using of INVELOX turbines, total cost and pollution of the microgrid in both deterministic and stochastic planning are reduced from 192.68 $ to 97.23 $ and 249.28 $ to 126.38 $, as well 3334.76 Kg to 3302.7 and 3925.63 to 3910.2 Kg respectively.
Keywords: Energy management | INVELOX turbine | Microgrid | Renewable resource | Stochastic programming
مقاله انگلیسی
72 Optimal process design for integrated municipal waste management with energy recovery in Argentina
طراحی فرآیند بهینه برای مدیریت یکپارچه زباله شهری با بازیابی انرژی در آرژانتین-2020
This work presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the optimal selection of municipal waste treatment alternatives, accounting for co-digestion of sludge and municipal solid waste. The superstructure of alternatives includes anaerobic digestion under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions, composting, recycling, and final disposal in a landfill. Anaerobic digesters can be fed with different mixing ratios of sewage sludge (SS) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF). A mixedinteger mathematical programming formulation is proposed to find the optimal process design. It comprises nonlinear equations to estimate digestion yields according to substrate mixing ratios. Results for cities of different sizes show that the joint treatment can increase profitability, especially in small populations. In all cases, co-digestion of the full stream of SS and OF leads to an integrated waste-toenergy process that maximizes the economic value and reduces environmental impacts of waste by producing electricity, heat and fertilizer.
Keywords: Co-digestion | Waste-to-Energy | Optimization | Superstructure | Process design
مقاله انگلیسی
73 A DIC method to determine the Mode I energy release rate G, the Jintegral and the traction-separation law simultaneously for adhesive joints
یک روش DIC برای تعیین میزان آزاد سازی انرژی حالت من G ، Jintegral و قانون جداسازی کشش به طور همزمان برای اتصالات چسبنده-2020
The quasi-static Mode I fracture behaviour of joints bonded with either a brittle or toughened epoxy adhesive or a ductile polyurethane adhesive has been investigated by means of digital image correlation (DIC). A novel method to measure the crack length using DIC analysis is proposed. By measuring the crack tip separation, beam rotation and crack length, the energy release rate G and the J-integral are obtained and are compared to analyse the validity of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) methods. Simultaneously the traction-separation laws (TSLs) for the adhesive joints were measured. The TSLs were then used as input data for FE modelling to evaluate their accuracy by comparing with experimental results. It is shown that LEFM is valid for the joints bonded with either the brittle or toughened epoxy adhesives but is invalid for joints bonded with the polyurethane adhesive. The procedure proposed here to measure the crack length via DIC shows great promise and can be automated readily in practice.
Keywords: Traction-separation law (TSL) | G and J-integral | Crack length measurement | Validity of LEFM methods | Digital image correlation | Adhesive joint
مقاله انگلیسی
74 Cost-aware renewable energy management: Centralized vs. distributed generation
مدیریت انرژی تجدید پذیر آگاه از هزینه: متمرکز در مقابل تولید توزیع شده-2020
We propose optimization strategies for cooperating households equipped with renewable energy assets and storage devices. We consider two system configurations: In the first configuration, households share access to an energy farm, where electricity is generated from renewable sources and stored in battery banks. In the second configuration, households are equipped with their own renewable energy sources and storage devices, and are allowed to share energy through the grid. The developed optimization model takes into account location and time-varying energy prices as well as energy transfer fees. To design our strategies, we first establish performance bounds, and compare the two configurations in terms of achievable savings and usability of renewable energy. Then, we devise real-time energy management algorithms by incorporating forecasting techniques in the proposed framework. Simulation results show that the proposed strategies outperform existing solutions by up to 10%. It is also shown that cooperative strategies outperform greedy approaches by up to 6.8%.
Keywords: Energy storage | Energy allocation | Cooperative strategies | Non-convex optimization
مقاله انگلیسی
75 Linear energy storage and dissipation laws during rock fracture under three-point flexural loading
قوانین ذخیره سازی و اتلاف انرژی خطی در هنگام شکستگی سنگ تحت بارگذاری خمشی سه نقطه ای-2020
To investigate the energy storage and dissipation characteristics during rock flexure fracturing, a series of single cyclic loading–unloading flexural fracture tests was conducted on rectangular rock beams using the three-point loading technique. The results show that under different experimental unloading levels, the elastic and dissipation energies increase linearly as the input energy increases. On this basis, the linear energy storage and dissipation laws were obtained, which were immune to the experimental unloading level. The flexural energy storage coefficient and flexural energy dissipation coefficient were subsequently introduced to characterize the potentials of the rock for storing and dissipating energy, respectively. A positive or negative relationship between the two coefficients and the rock mechanics properties (the brittleness index and average flexural strength) was observed. The influence of pre-existing rock flaws on the linear energy storage and dissipation laws was discussed. In addition, highly quadratic increases in the elastic energy, dissipation energy, and input energy were observed with an increasing experimental unloading level. For the energy characteristics at rock failure (the failure point of the rock specimen), the peak input energy, peak elastic energy, and peak dissipation energy varied considerably under different experimental unloading levels, while the associated peak elastic dissipation index (the ratio of peak elastic energy to peak dissipation energy) remained constant. Similar to the flexural energy storage coefficient, the mean value of peak elastic dissipation index is also positively related to the rock mechanics properties. The linear evolution law of energy storage and dissipation not only permits a quantitative determination of the energy parameters at rock failure (the peak elastic energy and peak dissipation energy), but also relates the energy properties with the rock mechanics properties.
Keywords: Rock mechanics | Flexural fracture | Energy storage | Linear energy storage law | Three-point loading
مقاله انگلیسی
76 Predicted direct solar radiation (ECMWF) for optimized operational strategies of linear focus parabolic-trough systems
تابش مستقیم خورشیدی پیش بینی شده (ECMWF) برای استراتژی های عملیاتی بهینه شده سیستم های سهموی-تمرکز خطی -2020
Day-ahead forecasts of direct normal irradiance (DNI) from the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), the global model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), are used to simulate a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant through the System Advisor Model (SAM) to assess the potential value of the IFS in the electricity market. Although DNI forecasting from the IFS still demands advances towards cloud and aerosol representation, present results show substantial improvements with the new operational radiative scheme ecRad (cycle 43R3). A relative difference of approximately 0.12% for the total annual energy availability is found between forecasts and local measurements, while approximately 10.6% is obtained for the previous version. Results of electric energy injection to the grid from a simulated linear focus parabolic-trough system shows correlations coefficients of approximately 0.87 between hourly values of electric energy based on forecasted and measured DNI, while 0.92 are obtained for the daily values. In the context of control strategy, four operational strategies are given for different weather scenarios to handle the energy management of a CSP plant, including the effect of thermal energy storage capacity. Charge and discharge operational strategies are applied accordingly to the predicted energy availability.
Keywords: Short-term forecasts | ECMWF | Direct normal irradiance | Concentrating solar power | System advisor model | Operational strategies
مقاله انگلیسی
77 Utilizing renewable energy sources efficiently in hospitals using demand dispatch
استفاده از منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر با کارآیی در بیمارستان ها با استفاده از تقاضای ارسال -2020
Health centers and hospitals can be categorized as one of the major consumers of electrical energy in building sectors. Due to their competitive environment, they need to decrease their costs, including energy costs. On the other hand, environmental problems, lack of fossil fuels, and high energy consumption lead to using alternative energy generation methods like renewable energy sources (RESs). In this paper, we consider that the hospital can produce part of its energy from RESs for cost reduction and we implement demand dispatch energy program for using RESs efficiently. The challenge is that the main goal of hospital is providing health services not energy cost reduction. Therefore, we present a biobjective formulation for using RESs in hospitals in a way to minimize costs and dissatisfaction by scheduling the activities of the hospital by considering hospital’s specific constraints and limitations. With the help of the proposed model, hospitals will decrease energy costs while maintaining comfort of patients and surgeons at the same time. The model is solved using real data of a hospital in Iran, and sensitivity analysis on different parameters is done. The proposed model will cause reduction in energy cost of the hospital by implementing demand dispatch program for using RESs in the hospital.
Keywords: Renewable energy sources | Demand dispatch | Energy management | Health centers | Hospitals | Bi-objective
مقاله انگلیسی
78 Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Energy buffering control system for improved resilience to periodic fluctuations of solar irradiance
فن آوری غشایی با انرژی قابل تجدید: سیستم کنترل بافر انرژی برای بهبود مقاومت در برابر نوسانات دوره ای تابش خورشیدی-2020
Energy management is required to enable autonomous photovoltaic-powered membrane (PV-membrane) desalination systems to make the optimal use of solar energy. In this paper, a novel charge controller based on pre-set voltage sensing thresholds was designed to optimise the energy from PV panels and supercapacitors (SCs). The control algorithms were established from the data derivations with high-temporal-resolution (1s) solar irradiance (SI) source, allowing for resilient system operation under variable conditions. The impacts of ramp rates, in both SI and PV output voltage (VPV) on the system, were systematically investigated. Under a worst-case scenario, with a rapid ramp rate of DVPV ¼ 2 V/s, the charge controller enabled the SCs to bridge the power gap to 6 min 20 s, permitting an additional 10 L of permeate water produced. The state-of-charge of the SCs varied from 11 to 86%, regardless of the magnitude of the ramp rate. The combination of the voltage thresholds (Vpump_on ¼ 160 V and Vpump_off ¼ 90 V) was determined to result in optimum system performance, realising a high permeate production at low specific energy consumption. It is concluded that the proposed charge controller is an effective method to enhance system resilience under worst-case solar conditions.
Keywords: Ramp rates | Charge controller | Supercapacitors | Photovoltaic | Reverse osmosis | Energy fluctuation
مقاله انگلیسی
79 Energy-efficient and damage-recovery slithering gait design for a snake-like robot based on reinforcement learning and inverse reinforcement learning
طراحی راه رفتن لغزنده با صرفه جویی در مصرف انرژی و آسیب دیدگی برای یک ربات مار مانند بر اساس یادگیری تقویتی و یادگیری تقویتی معکوس-2020
Similar to real snakes in nature, the flexible trunks of snake-like robots enhance their movement capabilities and adaptabilities in diverse environments. However, this flexibility corresponds to a complex control task involving highly redundant degrees of freedom, where traditional modelbased methods usually fail to propel the robots energy-efficiently and adaptively to unforeseeable joint damage. In this work, we present an approach for designing an energy-efficient and damagerecovery slithering gait for a snake-like robot using the reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm and the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm. Specifically, we first present an RL-based controller for generating locomotion gaits at a wide range of velocities, which is trained using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. Then, by taking the RL-based controller as an expert and collecting trajectories from it, we train an IRL-based controller using the adversarial inverse reinforcement learning (AIRL) algorithm. For the purpose of comparison, a traditional parameterized gait controller is presented as the baseline and the parameter sets are optimized using the grid search and Bayesian optimization algorithm. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, we first demonstrate that this RL-based controller exhibits very natural and adaptive movements, which are also substantially more energy-efficient than the gaits generated by the parameterized controller. We then demonstrate that the IRL-based controller cannot only exhibit similar performances as the RL-based controller, but can also recover from the unpredictable damage body joints and still outperform the model-based controller, which has an undamaged body, in terms of energy efficiency.Videos can be viewed at https://videoviewsite.wixsite.com/rlsnake.
Keywords: Snake-like robot | Reinforcement learning | Inverse reinforcement learning | Motion planning | Damage recovery
مقاله انگلیسی
80 Probabilistic energy management with emission of renewable microgrids including storage devices based on efficient salp swarm algorithm
مدیریت انرژی احتمالی با انتشار میکروگریدهای تجدیدپذیر از جمله دستگاههای ذخیره سازی بر اساس الگوریتم کارآمد شمع نمکی-2020
In this paper, the efficient salp swarm algorithm (ESSA) is proposed to solve the energy management (EM) with emission problem of renewable micro-grid (MG) including storage devices. Because of the uncertainties in the renewable energy sources (RESs), load demand and market prices, the probabilistic approach based on (2m þ 1) point estimate method and ESSA is employed to solve the probabilistic EM problem. The proposed ESSA can be derived by introducing two modifications on the conventional salp swarm algorithm (SSA) to improve the balance between exploration and exploitation, speed up the convergence and avoiding the stuck in local optima of the SSA. The ESSA is employed to solve the deterministic and probabilistic EM with emission problem. Where the multi-objective optimization problem of cost and emission functions is transferred into a single objective function to minimize the total operating cost of the MG. The proposed ESSA is evaluated using a typical grid-connected MG with energy storage devices and compared with other methods. The results verify the superiority of the ESSA to solve the EM problem of the MG over other methods.
Keywords: Efficient salp swarm algorithm | Probabilistic energy management | Micro-grid | Emission | Renewable energy sources | 2m þ 1 point estimate method
مقاله انگلیسی
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