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Organ Donation Related With Attitude Toward the Law of Presumed Consent: Spanish University Medical and Nursing Students Study
اهدای عضو مرتبط با نگرش به قانون رضایت احتمالی: مطالعه دانشجویان پزشکی و پرستاری دانشگاه اسپانیا-2020 Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a
climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT),
where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs.
Objective. To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among
Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT.
Methods. and design. The type of study was a sociologic, multicenter, observational
study. The population included medical and nursing students in Spanish universities.
Database of Collaborative International Donor Project was used stratified by geographic
area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (Collaborative International Donor
Project, organ donation and transplantation questionnaire in Spanish [PCID-DTO-RIOS])
was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566
nursing students was analyzed (99% confidence and precision of 1%) and stratified by
geographic area and year of study.
Results. Completion rate was 90%. Regarding attitude toward LPC, 66% of the students
were against the law, whereas 34% accepted it. Of the students surveyed, 9% considered
the law as a gesture of solidarity, 25% as an effective way of not wasting organs, 48% as an
abuse of power, and 18% as offenses against the family. Those students who were in favor
of LPC also had a more favorable attitude toward ODT (86% vs 76%; P < .001).
Comparing groups, nursing students were less in favor of LPC than medical students (32%
vs 36%; P < .000).
Conclusion. Sixty-six percent of Spanish university medical and nursing students were
against the LPC. The favorable attitude toward ODT is associated with considering the law
as a gesture of solidarity or as an effective way of not wasting organs. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
State Gun Control Laws, Gun Ownership and the Supply of HomicideOrgan Donors
قوانین کنترل اسلحه در امور دولتی ، مالکیت اسلحه و تأمین مالی اهداکنندگان سازمان-2020 tThe likelihood of being a potential deceased organ donor is higher for individuals who have been exposedto situations typically characterized by a severe head trauma or stroke that result in brain death. Employ-ing count data models that account for overdispersion and/or excessive counts of zeros, this paper assessesthe unintended consequences of enforcing stricter gun control laws and the effects of gun ownership onhomicide organ donor supply in the United States using county data for the period 2009–2015. The find-ings confirm the transplantation paradox hypothesis that stricter gun control laws reduce the expectedcases of gun homicides and thereby reduce deceased organ donor supply and exacerbate the organ short-age. The findings are robust to several measures of the strength of gun control laws, restricted samples andspurious outcome variables. However, the direction of the impact of gun ownership levels on homicideorgan donor supply proved to be inconclusive. Keywords:Organ donation | State gun control laws | Homicide | Negative binomial | Overdispersion |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
The impact of organ donation on coronial processes and forensic investigation: A literature review
تأثیر اهدای عضو بر فرایندهای استعماری و تحقیقات پزشکی قانونی: بررسی ادبیات-2020 There are competing requirements between organ donation for transplantation and coronial/forensic investigation.
Both require access to the body of the deceased. Optimally preserving physical evidence may reduce
availability of organs for life saving transplants. Performing organ retrieval could impact on death determination
and at worst could potentially interfere with criminal trial outcomes.
Objective: To summarise published literature regarding the interaction between organ donation and coronial/
forensic processes.
Methods: A standard search strategy using the terms organ donation and coroner or medical examiner.
Results: There is a paucity of published literature. The incidence of coronial restriction of donation varies between
jurisdictions and between individual practitioners. A significant number of organs are lost to transplantation
through coronial restrictions. A number of strategies have been proposed to reduce the rate of coronial restrictions
but implementation is inconsistent despite support from forensic professional bodies. There was no
published report of a significant impact on death determination or trial outcome caused by organ retrieval.
Conclusions: Increased consistency in coronial/forensic decision making and implementation of recognised
strategies would increase the availability of organs for transplantation. Keywords: Organ donation | Organ procurement | Coroners and medical examiners | Forensic medicine |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
انگیزه های اهدای اعضای بدن پس از مرگ ، اهداف برای اهدا کردن ، و وضعیت اهدای اعضای بدن : بررسی نقش ابعاد شخصیتی BIG FIVE و بشر دوستی
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21 مقاله موجود نقش ابعاد شخصیتی big five و بشر دوستی در انگیزه های اهدای عضو (ODA) ، اهداف برای ثبت نام کردن ، و وضعیت اهدای اعضای بدن با استفاده از یک نمونه از 336 دانشجوی دوره لیسانس . شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه هایی را تکمیل کردند که ابعاد شخصیتی big five را ارزیابی کرده است ، بشر دوستی ، ODA ، و غیر اهدا کننده ها یک پرسشنامه را تکمیل کرده اند که اهداف آنها را برای ثبت نام به عنوان اهدای ارگان را در 3 تا 6 ماه آینده تکمیل نمودند. در جمع آوری اطلاعات بر وضعیت اهدای عضو ، شرکت کنندگان یک وضعیت – فرض شده ID را برای یک معاونت تحقیقاتی برای تکمیل پرسشنامه ها نشان دادند ، نتایج نشان داد که موافق بودن در پیش بینی ODA و اهداف برای ثبت نام کردن مهم بودند. با این حال ، رابطه بین قابل توافق بودن و رفتارهای اهدای اعضای بدن با اثر غیرمستقیم بشر دوستی تشریح شده است. هیچ متغیر شخصیتی ددیگری در مدلها عمده نبودند ، نتایج با رجوع به نقش بشر دوستی در اهدای اعضای بدن تشریح شده است و نیاز به درک بیشتر یافته های خنثی نتایج این مدلها دارد. تحقیق بیشتری بر تعامل بین شخصیت و درک اهدای ارگانها در میان دانش آموزان کالج و عموم مردم مورد نیاز است.
کلمات کلیدی: اهدای عضو | شخصیت | پنج بزرگ | نوع دوستی | تجزیه و تحلیل میانجیگری |
مقاله ترجمه شده |