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Indirect methods in nuclear astrophysics with relativistic radioactive beams
روش های غیر مستقیم در اخترفیزیک هسته ای با پرتوهای رادیواکتیوی نسبی-2020 Reactions with radioactive nuclear beams at relativistic energies have opened new
doors to clarify the mechanisms of stellar evolution and cataclysmic events involving
stars and during the big bang epoch. Numerous nuclear reactions of astrophysical
interest cannot be assessed directly in laboratory experiments. Ironically, some of the
information needed to describe such reactions, at extremely low energies (e.g., keVs),
can only be studied on Earth by using relativistic collisions between heavy ions at GeV
energies. In this contribution, we make a short review of experiments with relativistic
radioactive beams and of the theoretical methods needed to understand the physics of
stars, adding to the knowledge inferred from astronomical observations. We continue by
introducing a more detailed description of how the use of relativistic radioactive beams
can help to solve astrophysical puzzles and several successful experimental methods.
State-of-the-art theories are discussed at some length with the purpose of helping us
understand the experimental results reported. The review is not complete and we have
focused most of it to traditional methods aiming at the determination of the equation
of state of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter and the role of the symmetry
energy. Whenever possible, under the limitations of our present understanding of
experimental data and theory, we try to pinpoint the information still missing to
further understand how stars evolve, explode, and how their internal structure might
be. We try to convey the idea that in order to improve microscopic theories for manybody
calculations, nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, and astrophysics, and in order
to constrain and allow for convergence of our understanding of stars, we still need
considerable improvements in terms of accuracy of experiments and the development
of new and dedicated nuclear facilities to study relativistic reactions with radioactive
beams. Keywords: Nuclear astrophysics | Rare isotopes | Nuclear reactions | Equation of state of nuclear matter | Nuclear experiments |
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