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تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 47
ردیف عنوان نوع
11 Treatment with estradiol cypionate at progesterone withdrawal reduces handling without compromising the pregnancy rate to timed- AI in buffalo
درمان با استرادیول سیپیونات در ترک پروژسترون ، دست زدن بدون به خطر انداختن میزان حاملگی به موقع هوش مصنوعی در بوفالو را کاهش می دهد-2020
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with estradiol cypionate (EC) at the time of P4 withdrawal induced ovulation in a synchronization/timed-AI (TAI) protocol in buffalo. In Experiment 1, 56 buffaloes received an intravaginal P4 device (1.0 g) plus estradiol benzoate (EB, 2.0 mg im) on Day 0 (D0). On Day 9, the P4 device was removed and buffaloes were given PGF2a (0.53 mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400 IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group GEC (n ¼ 29), treated with EC (1.0 mg im) at P4 device removal; Group GEB (n ¼ 27), treated with EB (1.0 mg im) 24 h after P4 device removal. Ovarian ultrasound was undertaken on: D0, to ascertain general ovarian status; D9 to D11 (every 24 h), to measure diameter of the largest follicle (LF) and follicular growth rate; D11 to D13 (every 12 h for 72 h), to determine the time of ovulation and ovulation rate. Following P4 device removal, Groups GEC and GEB had a similar follicular growth rate (0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mm/day, respectively; P ¼ 0.15) and similar LF diameter on D11 (11.4 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm; P ¼ 0.12). Groups GEC and GEB also had a similar diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.0 ± 0.5 and 13.4 ± 0.6 mm; P ¼ 0.52), interval from P4 device removal to ovulation (68.2 ± 2.8 and 71.1 ± 1.4 h; P ¼ 0.41) and ovulation rate (62.1% and 70.4%; P ¼ 0.44). In Experiment 2, 199 buffaloes were assigned to the two treatments in Experiment 1 (GEC, n ¼ 100; GEB, n ¼ 99). All animals underwent TAI 56 h after P4 device removal and pregnancy diagnosis was preformed on D41. The pregnancy rate was similar for Groups GEC and GEB (50.0 and 45.5%, respectively; P ¼ 0.45). The findings indicate that treatment with EC at the time of P4 withdrawal induces ovulation and achieves the same pregnancy rate to TAI as treatment with EB 24 h after P4 removal. The use of EC requires one less handling which is highly important in facilitating practical adoption of TAI in assisted breeding and genetic improvement in buffalo.
Keywords: Buffalo | Estradiol cypionate | Ovulation synchronization | Pregnancy | Timed-AI
مقاله انگلیسی
12 The contraceptive needs and pregnancy desires of women after incarceration: A qualitative study
نیازهای پیشگیری از بارداری و تمایلات بارداری زنان پس از حبس: یک مطالعه کیفی-2020
Objective: Prior qualitative research with women incarcerated at Rikers Island Jail asked women to anticipate their future contraceptive needs and pregnancy desires upon re-entering the community. We conduct this follow-up study to understand better the actual contraceptive needs and pregnancy desires experienced by women after incarceration. Study Design: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews in New York City in 2014 with 10 women incarcerated within the past three years. We coded transcripts using an iterative process, identified emerging themes, and stopped recruitment after reaching thematic saturation. Results: Most participants desired to wait to become pregnant until they had stable housing, income, and employment. A few faced systemic barriers to obtaining contraception, including the process of reapplying for insurance and obtaining medical appointments. For many, incarceration disrupted their use of contraception, insurance status, and relationship with trusted medical providers. Most women lacked trust in the new health professionals they encountered after incarceration. Conclusions: Incarceration disrupted medical care in general, and contraceptive care in particular. Assistance should be provided to re-apply for insurance, make appointments, and support women to see trusted health professionals. Implications: Incarceration further disenfranchises an already marginalized community through disrupting access to medical care and constrains women’s reproductive autonomy long after return to the community.
Keywords: Contraception | Criminal justice | Incarceration
مقاله انگلیسی
13 Abnormal reinforcement learning in a mice model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid
یادگیری تقویتی غیر طبیعی در یک مدل موش اوتیسمی ناشی از قرار گرفتن در معرض بارداری به اسید والپروئیک-2020
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display dysfunction in learning from environmental stimulus that have positive or negative emotional values, posing obstacles to their everyday life. Unfortunately, mechanisms of the dysfunction are still unclear. Although early intervention for ASD victims based on reinforcement learning are commonly used, the mechanisms and characteristics of the improvement are also unknown. By using a mice model of ASD produced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), the present work discovered a delayed response-reinforcer forming, and an impaired habit forming in a negative reinforcement learning paradigm in VPA exposure male offspring. But the extinction of the learned skills was found to become faster than normal male animals. Since escape action of nosepoking and the motility remain unchanged in the VPA male offspring, the impaired learning and the accelerated extinction are caused by deficits in higher brain functions underlying association between the animals’ behavioral responses and the outcomes of such responses. The results further suggest that the rodent ASD model produced by prenatal exposure to VPA reproduces the deficits in reasoning or building the contingency between one’s own behaviors and the consequent outcomes of the behavior seen in ASD patients.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder | Reinforcement learning | Valproic acid
مقاله انگلیسی
14 Opportunities for improving hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) management in primary care settings: A review of international published guidelines in the context of pregnancy care in Indonesia
فرصت ها برای بهبود اختلالات فشار خون بالا در مدیریت بارداری (HDP) در مراقبت های اولیه: بررسی دستورالعمل های منتشر شده بین المللی در زمینه مراقبت از بارداری در اندونزی-2020
Almost all of global maternal mortality caused by HDP occurs in low to middle-income countries (LMIC). However, limited guidance is available to local primary care practitioners who are usually the main health care providers. This review examined existing international practice guidelines to identify potential practices to improve HDP management in Indonesian primary care settings. We performed structured literature search strategies and snowballing searches in six databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane reviews and Google Scholar) for guidelines that were published between 2007 and 2018 using relevant keywords and phrases of ‘guidelines’, ‘hypertensive disorders of pregnancy’ or ‘preeclampsia’ and ‘primary care’. The AGREE II instrument was used to assess quality and reporting of the eligible guidelines. Thematic analysis was performed on all of the guidelines and the results were discussed among the project investigators. Sixteen international practice guidelines or similar management recommendations were reviewed. Almost all of them were partially applicable, with some managements potentially able to be adopted to Indonesian primary care settings. Three main themes for improving HDP management were identified, namely clinical management, care planning, and professional communication. These potential improvements in managing women with HDP in Indonesia may also be relevant in other LMIC. Further contextualisation is required to facilitate their adoption in practice settings.
Keywords: High blood pressure | Pregnancy | Preeclampsia | General practitioners | Midwives | Primary care
مقاله انگلیسی
15 Towards a political geography of abortion
به سمت جغرافیای سیاسی سقط جنین-2019
This article introduces a political geography of abortion, arguing that abortion access is an essential but overlooked site where gendered mechanisms of state control are enforced and contested. Today, abortion access is currently in the midst of a significant spatial transformation: advances in technology, medicine, and activist tactics are currently changing the geographies of abortion and working to weaken the link between access to abortion and national legal frameworks. In response to these challenges to state control over reproduction, states are responding with new tactics to re-assert authority over pregnancy and abortion. However, these changes remain under-researched in the geographical literature, which tends to sustain a focus on state-law and interstate travel. The forces currently transforming abortion access exceed these analytical frameworks: we require a multi-scalar and scale-jumping account of the relationship between pro-choice activists and anti-choice states. This article makes the case for a political geography of abortion that moves beyond a state-based framework to account for changing patterns of resistance and restriction on abortion. The arguments are developed through two cases: mobile abortion clinics at sea and telemedicine abortion technology, both of which demonstrate the contestation over abortion rights at the sub- and supra-state levels.
Keywords: Abortion | Reproduction | Feminist political geography | Scale | Pregnancy
مقاله انگلیسی
16 Maternal, infant and childhood risks associated with advanced paternal age: The need for comprehensive counseling for men
خطرات مادر ، نوزاد و کودک در ارتباط با سن پدر و مادر پیشرفته: نیاز به مشاوره جامع برای مردان-2019
The increasing maternal age at first birth is well recognized, but much less discussed are the fact that the prevalence of advanced paternal age (APA) is also increasing and the societal implications of this trend. Over the past 40 years in the United States, the proportion of infants born to fathers of APA, which has been variably defined as above 35 or above 45, increased from ˜4% to 10% (Khandwala et al., 2017, 2018) While there has been extensive research regarding infertility and comorbidities in the aging mother, relatively few studies have explored similar reproductive factors in aging men. However, evidence does suggest a decrease in fertility and an increase in pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Additionally, the offspring of fathers of APA have increased risks of chromosomal and non-chromosomal birth defects and an increased incidence of childhood autism and cancers. This review explores the data, with the intent that key counseling points, including the suggestion of sperm banking, can be highlighted when advising the midlife and older man who is considering paternity.
Keywords: Advanced paternal age | Sperm banking | Pregnancy outcomes | Paternal counseling
مقاله انگلیسی
17 Corrigendum and a complement “A simple heuristic for vehicle routing – A variant of Clarke and Wrights saving method” [Int: J: Prod: Econ: 157 (2014) 74–79]
اصلاحیه و مکملی برای "یک اکتشاف ساده برای مسیریابی وسیله نقلیه - یک گونه دیگری از روش ذخیره سازی کلارک و رایت" [Int: J: Prod: Econ: 157 (2014) 74–79]-2018
A simple heuristic for vehicle routing - A variant of Clarke and Wrights saving method (International journal of Production Economics, 157 (2014), 74–79) contains a mistake that must be corrected. But the mistake also allows for a possible improvement of the search procedure which is demonstrated. We emphasise that the chosen sequence of the distribution, clockwise or anti-clockwise, can highly influence the vehicles fuel consumptions.
keywords: Vehicle routing |Transport |Scheduling |Heuristics |Inventories
مقاله انگلیسی
18 Polynomial algorithm of inventory model with complete backordering and correlated demand caused by cross-selling
الگوریتم چند جمله ای مدل انبارداری با سفارش تاخیر شده کامل و تقاضای همبسته ایجاد شده توسط فروش تقاطعی-2018
In a paper published in the International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE) [Zhang, R., Kaku, I., Xiao, Y., 2012. Model and heuristic algorithm of the joint replenishment problem with complete backordering and correlated demand. International Journal of Production Economics 139 (1), 33–41], the authors proposed a joint replenishment problem (JRP) model with complete backordering and correlated demand caused by cross-selling. The model was transformed into minimizing a function with respect to multiples of a major items order cycle, and a heuristic algorithm was developed for near-optimal solutions. In this paper, we reinvestigate the problem and analyze the mathematical property of the model to develop an exact algorithm. The algorithm can obtain global optima and exhibits polynomial complexity.
keywords: Inventory |Joint replenishment problem |Polynomial algorithm |Complete backordering |Cross-selling
مقاله انگلیسی
19 Optimal production-sales policies and entry time for successive generations of new products
سیاست های بهینه تولید - فروش و زمان ورود برای نسل های بعدی محصولات جدید-2018
This paper explores the optimal initial inventory at launch, sales plan, and introduction time for a new generation of a product. We propose a multi-generation demand model that accounts for supply constraints. A mathematical model of the supply-restricted multi-generation diffusion problem is then developed and the optimal sales policy is derived. Closed-form analytical expressions as well as numerical experiments are used to investigate the effect of consumers backlogging, cost of production capacity, unit profit margin for the products, market expansion by the new generation, and cannibalization of older generations. Through consideration of supply restrictions and lost sales, we are able to generalize previous findings on market entry policy by showing that there is a continuous range of optimal introduction times. We show that the inter-dependence between production capacity and initial inventory varies based on the introduction time of the new generation. We also provide an application of the proposed model in the case of Sonys PlayStation®3 game console. The results suggest that the company introduced the product too late and overproduced inventory which, as supported by empirical evidence, had a negative impact on the products performance. Limitations and considerations for the application of the model are also discussed.
keywords: Production and inventory management |Myopic and build-up policies |Market entry timing |Multi-generation innovation diffusion |PlayStation®3 game console
مقاله انگلیسی
20 Coordinating manufacturers innovation and retailers promotion and replenishment using a compensation-based wholesale price contract
هماهنگ سازی نوآوری سازنده و تبلیغ و تجدید تدارکات خرده فروش با استفاده از یک قرارداد قیمت عمده فروشی مبتنی بر غرامت-2018
In this paper, coordination of a manufacturer-retailer chain is investigated where the manufacturer innovates in manufacturing process and the retailer applies promotional efforts. The market demand is assumed to be stochastic dependent on the retailers promotional and the manufacturers innovation efforts. The retailer uses a periodic review inventory system for replenishing items and decides on order-up-to level, review period and promotional efforts level. On the other hand, it is possible for the manufacturer to boost the market demand by innovation in manufacturing process. The retailers promotional and manufacturers innovation efforts not only affect their profits, but also impress their mutual profits and the supply chain performance in an indirect manner. Firstly, we develop the decentralized and centralized decision-making models along with solution procedures and concavity analysis to solve the models. Although the centralized model improves the profitability of the whole supply chain, it may reduce the profitability of either the retailer or the manufacturer. Therefore, we propose a new compensation-based wholesale price contract for encouraging actors to take part in the joint decision-making scheme. Moreover, a profit sharing strategy based on the bargaining power of members is proposed for distributing the surplus profit between members. Finally, the results of the decentralized, centralized and coordination models are compared using test problems and some sensitivity analyses are presented.
keywords: Supply chain coordination |Promotional and innovation |Periodic review |Inventory system |Compensation |Wholesale price contract |Profit sharing
مقاله انگلیسی
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