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Developing a conceptual influence diagram for socio-eco-technical systems analysis of biofouling management in shipping – A Baltic Sea case study
توسعه یک نمودار تأثیر مفهومی برای تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم های اجتماعی-اقتصادی-فنی مدیریت رسوب زیستی در کشتیرانی - مطالعه موردی دریای بالتیک-2021 Ship hulls create a vector for the transportation of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) all over the world. To
sustainably prevent NIS introductions, the joint consideration of environmental, economic and social aspects in
the search of optimal biofouling management strategies is needed. This article presents a multi-perspective soft
systems analysis of the biofouling management problem, based on an extensive literature review and expert
knowledge collected in the Baltic Sea area during 2018–2020. The resulting conceptual influence diagram (CID)
reveals the multidimensionality of the problem by visualizing the causal relations between the key elements and
demonstrating the entanglement of social, ecological and technical aspects. Seen as a boundary object, we
suggest the CID can support open dialogue and better risk communication among stakeholders by providing an
illustrative and directly applicable starting point for the discussions. It also provides a basis for quantitative
management optimization in the future.
keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم ها | مدیریت ریسک | نمودار را تحت تاثیر قرار دهید | گونه های بیگانه | مدیریت زیستی | دریای بالتیک | Systems analysis | Risk management | Influence diagram | Alien species | Biofouling management | Baltic Sea |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Prediction of perforation into concrete accounting for saturation ratio influence at high confinement
پیش بینی سوراخ شدن در بتن برای تأثیر نسبت اشباع در محصور شدن بالا-2021 This paper provides both an analytical and a finite element models aiming at better predicting possible perfo-
ration of reinforced concrete slabs submitted to impacts. Both models account for free water saturation ratio and
high triaxial stress induced into concrete by the impact. Finite element simulations are performed with Abaqus
explicit code using a revised constitutive model for concrete; this coupled damage plasticity model (PRM) ac-
counts for strain rate effects and the influence of saturation ratio on the triaxial behavior. Complementary
original analytical predictions of ballistic limit and residual velocities are provided for both hard and soft im-
pacts. These predictions depend on a recent deviatoric stress-based formulation of compressive strength of
concrete. Numerical and analytical results are consistent with bending and punching experimental tests. keywords: اثرات نرم و سخت | سرعت باقی مانده | بتن آرمه | ظرفیت سوراخ کردن | نسبت اشباع | Soft and hard impacts | Residual velocity | Reinforced concrete | Perforation capacity | Saturation ratio |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
The impact of chemical trace evidence on justice outcomes: Exploring the additive value of forensic science disciplines
تأثیر شواهد ردیابی شیمیایی بر نتایج عدالت: بررسی ارزش افزوده رشته های علوم پزشکی قانونی-2020 The focus of this research was to examine the contribution chemical trace evidence makes to criminal
justice outcomes. The aim of this work was to place the discipline of chemical trace evidence under the
spotlight as there is a dearth of robust research on the impact of this discipline. In this study, data relating
to the forensic examinations in a sample of 238 cases which included chemical trace evidence, was
collated with data from police investigations and court processes. The
findings show that chemical trace evidence is frequently used in combination with other forensic disciplines to support the progress of
high-level criminal cases through the justice system. Due to characteristics of how the criminal cases in
the dataset were investigated and prosecuted, in combination with the methodology applied in this
study, the impact of forensic evidence on the decision to charge suspects could not be analysed
quantitatively. However, the impact of forensic evidence on court outcomes in the sample of cases was
analysed using methodology that considered the results of the examinations, and the ability of the
evidence to provide support for the inclusion or exclusion of persons of interest. The possibility of
chemical trace evidence having impact when applied in combination with other forensic disciplines was
also examined. It was found that biological examination results was a significant standalone predictor of
court outcomes. In contrast, chemical trace examinations did not predict court outcomes when
considered as a standalone predictor but examination results of chemical trace evidence in combination
with ballistics/tool marks was significantly associated with court outcomes. The
findings of this research indicate that, to assess the full impact of any discipline of forensic evidence on the criminal justice
system, the analysis must take into account the potential for important synergies that may exist with
other forensic and non-forensic evidence. Keywords: Chemical trace evidence | Criminal justice system | Criminal justice outcomes | Quantitative analysis | Biology | Ballistics |
مقاله انگلیسی |