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نتیجه جستجو - بلایای طبیعی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 20
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A new DTN routing strategies ensuring high message delivery ratio while keeping low power consumption
یک استراتژی جدید مسیریابی DTN با تضمین نسبت تحویل پیام بالا و مصرف کم انرژی-2022
This study proposes Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) routing strategies for disaster information delivery under the existence of obstacles that are based on the message relay decision (MRD) method. The proposed methods include a new added obstacle detection procedure to deliver messages to destinations while bypassing the obstacles. Efficient and precise relief activities are required immediately after disasters, and it is well known that obstacles appearing after a disaster will degrade message forwarding performance. Hence, the proposed schemes maintain communication performance by using a node to detect the existence of obstacles around itself. If there are obstacles, the message strategy is altered to bypass the obstacle. In this study, human-beings are the main mobile nodes and mobile phones are the creators and forwarders of messages. A multiple obstacle model is used to evaluate the schemes in terms of obstacle-resistance. Three routing schemes are proposed: MRD with area increase (MRDAI), Sub-Relay Station (SRS), and Adapted Predict Obstacle (APO). This model tests MRDAI and SRS at the macro level and APO under the existence of concave obstacles. The MRDAI scheme could autonomously perceive the existence of a huge obstacle and intelligently enlarge the original message relay area. The SRS scheme could re-establish sub-relay areas based on MRDAI. The APO scheme demonstrated resistance to concave obstacles, stability (less affected by environmental changes), and a high delivery ratio while ensuring low energy consumption. These proposed strategies for information delivery in a disaster area can be used to launch rescue activities more quickly.
Keywords: DTN | Routing strategy | Disaster information | Avoiding obstacles
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Disaster management training in the euregio-meuse-rhine: What can we learn from each other to improve cross-border practices?
آموزش مدیریت بلایا در euregio-meuse-rhine: برای بهبود شیوه های فرامرزی چه چیزی می توانیم از یکدیگر بیاموزیم؟-2021
Increasing numbers of disasters require comprehensive preparedness. Border regions are vulnerable as disasters might not halt at administrative borders. Cross-border coordination is therefore required. As integral part of cross-border collaborations initiative in the Meuse–Rhine Euregio (EMR), we reviewed published evidence informing on existing initiatives dedicated to disaster education in the EMR. A search based on the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews was conducted to retrieve articles in the following databases: Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus. The searches were limited to English, French, Dutch and German language articles and the period between January 2010 and June 2019. No restrictions were set for the study design or the type of methodology used. A total of 18 articles met the inclusion criteria out of a total of 1771 publications. Training development was found in two studies while nine studies focused on the state of knowledge in disaster management. Seven articles referred only to technical skills, three only to non-technical skills and eight combined both types of skills. For the technical nature, Knowledge was found seven times, Skills five times and Attitudes twice. On the non- technical side, Knowledge was found three and both Skills twice and Attitudes three times. Five studies trained and assessed all the Knowledge, skills and attitudes. Most of the studies constitute inventories with descriptive reporting and very few experimental studies of quality have been carried. Non-technical skills for disaster preparedness have been well considered among the articles. Cross-border collaboration needs to be further investigated.
keywords: پزشکی فاجعه | حوادث تلفات جمعی | آموزش فاجعه | برنامه ریزی فاجعه | Disaster medicine | Mass casualty incidents | Disaster education | Disaster planning
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review and a case study of East Lombok, Indonesia
مدیریت دانش و آمادگی برای بلایای طبیعی: مروری بر ادبیات سیستماتیک و مطالعه موردی شرق لومبوک، اندونزی-2021
Disaster impacts can be significantly reduced with disaster preparedness. Knowledge management is one of the building blocks of disaster preparedness. This paper comprehends the current state of the literature on knowl- edge management in community preparedness towards natural disasters. The paper identifies and develops a categorization of community-related knowledge management in disaster preparedness using a systematic liter- ature review. Subsequently, the categorization is utilized in a case study to determine if community-related knowledge management in the preparedness phase can improve communities’ responses in the event of natu- ral disasters. The case study was conducted in the Lombok Island community of Indonesia, which experienced two major earthquakes in mid-2018 and early 2019. The results show that knowledge transfer and creation towards and among the Lombok community increased after the mid-2018 earthquake. Consequently, the com- munity was better able to respond to the early-2019 earthquake. Better disaster preparedness activity designs are crucial in attracting participation and motivating residents to be more prepared.
keywords: عملیات بشردوستانه | مرحله آمادگی | مدیریت دانش | فاجعه با شروع ناگهانی | زمین لرزه | Humanitarian operations | Preparedness phase | Knowledge management | Sudden-onset disaster | Earthquake
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Learning from past earthquake disasters: The need for knowledge management system to enhance infrastructure resilience in Indonesia
یادگیری از بلایای زلزله گذشته: نیاز به سیستم مدیریت دانش برای افزایش انعطاف پذیری زیرساخت در اندونزی-2021
Indonesia lies at the region where Indo-Australian, Eurasian, Pacific and Philippines global tectonic plates meet. In the last 30 years, Indonesia has experienced catastrophic earthquake disasters, causing thousands of loss of life and major infrastructure damage. Since the 2004 devastating Sumatra-Andaman tsunamigenic earthquake, knowledge derived from various disaster experiences regarding infrastructure resilience have been improving. Yet disasters such as the recent 2018 Lombok and Palu earthquakes remain devastating. An investigation on how knowledge on past earthquakes have been managed and utilized to promote better resilient infrastructure in Indonesia is conducted. Lessons are extracted from 5 significant earthquakes causing major damage through compilation and analysis of scientific publications and reports on field surveys, works and existing policies. Factors that keep contributing to the failure of buildings and infrastructure include lack of understanding of local hazard situation, incompliance to seismic resistant codes and standards for buildings and infrastructure, prob- lematic soil condition, and collateral hazards such as tsunami, liquefaction, ground subsidence, landslides, rock avalanche which are adding to the complexity of the seismic hazard. The scarcity of information and knowledge on the performance on resilience of infrastructure during earthquakes in Indonesia limits knowledge-based de- cision making in the planning, development and operation of resilient infrastructure. This study calls for the development of a knowledge management system for earthquake resilient infrastructure in Indonesia, to save more lives and to reduce economic disruptions due to infrastructure damages, and thus contribute to the sus- tainable development goals achievement.
keywords: زیرساخت های انعطاف پذیر | سیستم مدیریت دانش | زمين لرزه | کاهش خطر | Resilient infrastructure | Knowledge management system | Earthquake | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Nurses knowledge, skills and preparedness for disaster management of a Megapolis: Implications for nursing disaster education
دانش، مهارت و آمادگی پرستاران برای مدیریت بلایا در یک کلانشهر: پیامدهایی برای آموزش پرستاری در بلایا-2021
As frontline health caregivers, nurses must be adequately prepared to respond effectively to disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nurses’ disaster management capacity to know their preparedness levels, especially for a densely populated Megapolis like Dhaka, which is at high risk of disasters. Thus, the study aimed to examine Dhaka city nurses’ knowledge, skills, preparedness (KSP) for disasters and explore the factors influencing the KSP levels. A self-explanatory descriptive survey questionnaire was developed adopting the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET) in Bangla language for quantitative data collection. Following multistage sampling, 410 nurses’ data were collected from eight hospitals in Dhaka city. The nurses in Dhaka city had moderate levels of knowledge, skills, and preparedness for disaster management, reflecting that they need more development to deal with disasters effectively. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses indicate that nurses’ disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness scores were significantly positively associated with training on disaster management (p < 0.001) and disaster response experience (p < 0.001). In addition, one-half of the respondents demanded more drills and exercises on disaster management in their workplaces to enhance their disaster skills and preparedness. Furthermore, disaster education should be incorporated into the nursing curriculum, which would play a seminal role in preparing them for future disaster management.
keywords: آمادگی در برابر بلایا | دانش بلایا | مهارت ها | داکا | پرستاران | مدیریت بلایا | بنگلادش | Disaster preparedness | Disaster knowledge | Skills | Dhaka | Nurses | Disaster management | Bangladesh
مقاله انگلیسی
6 An efficient interactive framework for improving resilience of power-water distribution systems with multiple privately-owned microgrids
یک چارچوب تعاملی کارآمد برای بهبود مقاومت در برابر سیستم های توزیع آب و انرژی با چندین میکروگرید متعلق به بخش خصوصی-2020
Resilience improvement of power distribution networks against natural disasters is an important problem. Water network similar to other important infrastructures depends on power networks. In this paper, resilience improvement is defined as increasing the users’ accessibility to water and power after natural disasters. Microgrids with appropriate operation can provide energy to restore disconnected loads in distribution networks. In the proposed interactive framework, a stochastic energy management program for microgrids is designed that not only determines the amount of energy can be delivered to distribution systems, but also considers the reliability of local loads during emergency conditions. Each microgrid provides a list of bid-quantity energy blocks to the distribution system operator (DSO) during the emergency period. Then, the DSO chooses the best plan to restore disconnected loads considering inaccessibility values to power and water and also the damage of power and water distribution networks. Demand response actions in microgrids are also considered as effective tools for the energy management program, and their impact on the distribution system resilience is investigated. The proposed model is tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system with multiple microgrids, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated accordingly.
Keywords: Microgrids | Natural disasters | Resilience | Stochastic linear programming | Water network
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The ESPREssO Action Database: Collecting and assessing measures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
پایگاه داده عملیاتی ESPREssO: جمع آوری و ارزیابی اقدامات برای کاهش خطر در برابر بلایای طبیعی و سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا-2020
The Action Database (ADB) was developed during the ESPREssO project (Enhancing Synergies for Disaster Prevention in the European Union) in order to store and analyze relevant ideas emerging during the project to deal with the challenges. It provides the opportunity to formalize discussions and to store their content in a synthetic format, as well as to collect experiences and evaluate the impacts they had at their respective scales of implementation and on different parameters. The major aim of the ESPREssO-ADB tool, and its main innovation, is to deal with multi-hazard and multi-challenge actions, in an international context and notably in a cross-border initiative. The ESPREssO project aimed at contributing to a new strategic vision on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in Europe. To do so, stakeholders working with CCA and/or DRR in Europe were consulted to identify measures boosting adaptation or societies’ resilience. Each idea, measure or comment was stored and ranked in the ADB using qualitative criteria based on the Sendai Priorities and the SHIELD model proposed by the ESPREssO Team. Each action was assessed through multi-criteria analysis and effectiveness was approached under two different angles. The first one in line with the priorities of the Sendai Framework; and the second one with the SHIELD model. This model incorporate recommendations on how to optimize risk management capabilities through DRR. Positive actions had fed the Vision Paper and Guidelines produced by the project. This paper describes in details the ADB structure and the multi-criteria analysis performed.
Keywords: Action database | Europe | Disaster prevention | Disaster risk reduction (DRR) | Climate change adaptation (CCA) | Cross border crisis management | Stakeholders
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Banking stability, natural disasters, and state fragility: Panel VAR evidence from developing countries
ثبات بانکی ، بلایای طبیعی و شکنندگی ایالت: شواهد پانل VAR از کشورهای در حال توسعه-2019
Panel VAR methodology is used in this study to empirically evaluate the effects of natural disasters and state fragility on economic and financial dimensions in developing countries such as GDP per capita, banking and financial system deposits, banks’ Z-scores, and non-performing loans. Results based on three panels of up to 66 countries and 17 years of annual data indicate that natural disasters and state fragility may cause significant economic and financial disruption in low-income and middle-income countries. Shocks from natural disasters seem to be temporary and detrimental only to non-performing loans, while shocks from state fragility appear to be permanent and to create detrimental economic and financial feedback loops.
Keywords: Banking stability | GDP per capita | Natural disasters | State fragility
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The impact of natural disasters on the banking sector: Evidence from hurricane strikes in the Caribbean
تأثیر بلایای طبیعی بر بخش بانکی: شواهدی از اعتصابات طوفان در کارائیب-2019
While natural disasters cause considerable damage and a number of studies have attempted to investigatethe nature and quantify the magnitude of these losses, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on theimpact on the banking sector. In this paper we construct a panel of quarterly banking data and historicallosses due to hurricane strikes for islands in the Eastern Caribbean to econometrically investigate theimpact of these natural disasters on the banking industry. Our results suggest that, following a hurricanestrike, banks face deposit withdrawals and experience a negative funding shock to which they respondby reducing the supply of lending and by drawing on liquid assets. There are no signs of deterioration inloan defaults and bank capital. Therefore, the withdrawal and use of deposits rather than an expansionin credit appears to play a significant role in funding post hurricane recovery in the region. This points tothe importance of an active reserve requirement policy
Keywords:Banking sector | Natural disasters | Small island economiesa
مقاله انگلیسی
10 آمادگی بخش تجاری در مدیریت بلایا: مطالعه موردی با مشاغل در جنوب سریلانکا در هر دو جنبه بلایای طبیعی و فناوری
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 3 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 7
علیرغم نوع فاجعه، با توجه به اهمیت کمک به درآمد ملی، جامعه تجاری در میان گروه های آسیب پذیر احتمالی برجسته است. بر این اساس، این مطالعه موردی بر شناسایی خطرات اصلی طبیعی و فناوری که مشاغل در جنوب سریلانکا با آن مواجه هستند، تمرکز خواهد کرد. همچنین برنامه‌های اضطراری موجود کسب‌وکارها را تحلیل می‌کند و اینکه آیا کسب‌وکارها به اندازه کافی برای مدیریت بلایایی که باید در طول عملیات تجاری خود با آن‌ها مواجه شوند، آماده هستند یا خیر. انتظار می رود عوامل کلیدی موفقیت کسب و کارها برای مدیریت چنین شرایط فاجعه ای شناسایی شود. از نظر تئوری، باید برای حوادث غیرمنتظره پیش بینی شود و مدیریت باید از طریق برنامه اضطراری خود، تدارکات را حفظ کند. با این حال، کاربرد عملی آن مشکوک است. بنابراین، این مطالعه کسب‌وکارهای منتخب را بر اساس شیوه‌های موجود برای رویارویی با چنین بلایایی بررسی خواهد کرد. داده ها حتی با تجارب موقعیت های فاجعه قبلی و شیوه های تجاری آنها برای کاهش اثرات منفی آنها جمع آوری خواهد شد. این مطالعه به استان جنوبی سریلانکا محدود خواهد شد، به عنوان منطقه ای که در چند دهه گذشته تحت تأثیر انواع مختلف بلایا قرار گرفته است و همچنین شامل طیف گسترده ای از مشاغل است.
کلیدواژه ها: بخش کسب و کار | مدیریت بحران | آمادگی
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