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The limits of trust-free systems: A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy
محدودیت های سیستمهای اعتماد آزاد: یک مرور روی منابع علمی فناوری زنجیره سیاه و اعتماد در به اشتراک گذاری اقتصاد-2018 At the tip of the hype cycle, trust-free systems based on blockchain technology promise to revolutionize interactions between peers that require high degrees of trust, usually facilitated by third party providers. Peer-to-peer platforms for resource sharing represent a frequently discussed field of application for “trust-free” blockchain technology. However, trust between peers plays a crucial and complex role in virtually all sharing economy interactions. In this article, we hence shed light on how these conflicting notions may be resolved and explore the potential of blockchain technology for dissolving the issue of trust in the sharing economy. By means of a dual literature review we find that 1) the conceptualization of trust differs substantially between the contexts of blockchain and the sharing economy, 2) blockchain technology is to some degree suitable to replace trust in platform providers, and that 3) trust-free systems are hardly transferable to sharing economy interactions and will crucially depend on the development of trusted interfaces for blockchain-based sharing economy ecosystems.
keywords: Blockchain |Sharing economy |Trust |Trust-free system |Literature review |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Opportunities or threats: The rise of Online Collaborative Consumption (OCC) and its impact on new car sales
فرصت ها یا تهدیدها: افزایش مصرف مشارکتی آنلاین و تاثیر آن روی فروش خودروهای جدید-2018 Online collaborative consumption models, such as Uber and Airbnb, have emerged as popular peer-to-peer platforms in the sharing economy. The recent introduction of ride-hailing apps for smartphones has generated a powerful medium for passengers to call cars effortlessly and flexible job opportunities for drivers. A central question surrounding the introduction of online collaborative consumption regards its impact on incumbent firms. For example, ride-hailing services could discourage private car ownership, potentially leading to a subsequent decline of new car sales. Our study investigates whether the adoption of a leading ride-hailing platform, Didi Chuxing, increases or decreases new car sales shortly after the platform’s entries across 51 cities in China. Our empirical results suggest that the initial entry of a dominant ride-hailing company like Didi Chuxing positively impacts new car sales in the short run. However, we suspect that this positive effect will be transitory. Whether the auto industry can leverage the ride-hailing platforms to achieve sustainable benefits remains to be seen in the long run.
keywords: Causal empiricism |Collaborative consumption models |Difference-in-difference (DID) model |Falsification examination |Hierarchical duration model (HDM) |Network effects |Placebo dummy |Ride-hailing services |Propensity-score matching (PSM) |Sharing economy |Two-sided platforms |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Mine is yours? Using sentiment analysis to explore the degree of risk in the sharing economy
مال من مال شماست؟ استفاده از تحلیل احساسات برای بررسی درجه خطر در به اشتراک گذاری اقتصاد-2018 The sharing economy is a new business model of e-commerce that stimulates new thinking in different ways. However, security and privacy are the most critical problems in the sharing economy. Stakeholders in this area need to build trust through online reviews. It may be risky when most people make decisions by reading fewer reviews. This research considers the emotions of comments in online reviews, and discovers the positive-negative sentiment ratio based on sentiment analysis. The sentiment ratio matches the level of risk, and customers view it as being suitable decision-making. The results suggest that the selected rankings were different between the base sentiment ratio and the rating stars for accommodations. In addition, different generation customers may make different decisions when they are shown pictures, room information, and the sentiment ratio for online reviews. Generation Z (under 20) and Generation Y (21–34) paid more attention to reviews, cost, and cleanliness. Generation X (35–49) paid attention to cleanliness, reviews, and total stars. The three generations all indicated the importance of online reviews for decision-making. On the other hand, high-risk people are more likely to be affected by the negative reviews, and make different decisions.
keywords: Online risk |Sharing economy |Sentiment analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Environmental benefits of bike sharing: A big data-based analysis
مزایای زیست محیطی اشتراک دوچرخه: تحلیل مبتنی بر داده های بزرگ-2018 Bike sharing is a new form of transport and is becoming increasingly popular in cities around the world. This
study aims to quantitatively estimate the environmental benefits of bike sharing. Using big data techniques, we
estimate the impacts of bike sharing on energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions
in Shanghai from a spatiotemporal perspective. In 2016, bike sharing in Shanghai saved 8358 tonnes of petrol
and decreased CO2 and NOX emissions by 25,240 and 64 tonnes, respectively. From a spatial perspective, en
vironmental benefits are much higher in more developed districts in Shanghai where population density is
usually higher. From a temporal perspective, there are obvious morning and evening peaks of the environmental
benefits of bike sharing, and evening peaks are higher than morning peaks. Bike sharing has great potential to
reduce energy consumption and emissions based on its rapid development.
Keywords: Bike sharing ، Sharing economy ، Energy consumption ، Carbon emissions ، Air pollution ، Big data |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Be a “Superhost”: The importance of badge systems for peer-to-peer rental accommodations
یک "Superhost" باشید: اهمیت سیستم های امضاء برای تطابق نظیر به نظیر-2017 Many sharing-economy websites like Airbnb that offer vacation-rental options for travelers are very
popular. However, few studies targeting the vacation-rental industry have investigated online reviews. To
narrow this gap, this study focuses mainly on the gamification design developed by Airbnb that awards a
“Superhost” badge to hosts who receive good reviews and observes how this can impact an accom
modations review volume and ratings. All available information regarding Airbnb accommodation
offered in Hong Kong was retrieved from Airbnbs website. We then constructed a negative binomial
model and a Tobit model with different independent variables and controlled a set of variables relating to
accommodation characteristics. The results show that an accommodation with the “Superhost” badge is
more likely to receive reviews and higher ratings. In addition, guests are willing to spend more on
“Superhost” accommodations. Based on our findings, we present implications for research and host
practice.
Keywords: Airbnb | Gamification | Review volume | Rating | Online reputation | Sharing economy | Hospitality |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Internet of Things, Blockchain and Shared Economy Applications
اینترنت اشیاء، برنامه های Blockchain و به اشتراک گذاری اقتصاد-2016 |
مقاله انگلیسی |