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نتیجه جستجو - بیوگاز

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 9
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Micro-combined heat and power using dual fuel engine and biogas from discontinuous anaerobic digestion
گرما و قدرت میکرو ترکیبی با استفاده از موتور سوخت دوگانه و بیوگاز از هضم بی هوازی ناپیوسته-2020
The modeling of the Micro-CHP unit operating in dual-fuel mode is performed based on experimental results carried out at the laboratory scale. The engine tests were performed on an AVL engine, with a maximum power of 3.5 kW, using conventional diesel as pilot fuel and synthetic biogas as primary fuel. The biogas flow rate is evaluated using the experimental results from the literature, based on the anaerobic digestion in batch reactor of a mixture of 26% of Oat Straw and 74% of Cow Manure, diluted to contain only 4% of volatile solid. The engine operation was modeled using the Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) method. Experimental engine tests were used as a database for training and validation phases of ANN models. Three different ANN models are developed to model respectively the pilot fuel flow rate, the airflow rate and the exhaust gas temperature. Engine power output, biogas flow rate and biogas methane content were used as the same input layer. Given that the evolution of the biogas flow evolves along the entire digestion duration (50 days), the simulation work is performed by varying the number of digesters to be used in parallel mode. It is obtained that the optimal operation condition, minimizing the number of digesters and using less than 10% of the energy from diesel fuel, is to use 5 digesters and run the engine under load of 70%. It is concluded that a micro-CHP unit of 1 kWe, requires a dual fuel generator with a nominal power of 1 kWe, five digesters and a daily availability of effluents of 171 kg/day, consisting of 45 kg/day of oat straw and 126 kg/day of cow manure. It can also produce up to 2.45 kW of thermal power from the exhaust.
Keywords: Micro CHP | Anaerobic digestion | Dual fuel engine | Artificial Neural Network | Cogeneration
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Electricity generation using biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated in provinces of China: Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis
تولید برق با استفاده از بیوگاز از کسری آلی پسماندهای جامد شهری تولید شده در استانهای چین: تحلیل تأثیر تکنو اقتصادی و زیست محیطی-2020
This study assessed the electricity generation potential of biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste collected for disposal from 2004 to 2018 in 31 provinces of China using landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) and anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Economic feasibility assessment of the technologies was carried out using Net Present Value, and Levelized Cost of Energy methods. In addition, environmental impact of waste management options based on global warming potential was assessed under three scenarios. Key findings showed that electricity generation potential of anaerobic digestion technology was higher in all the provinces. Economically, the results showed that both projects are feasible in all the 31 provinces. However, anaerobic digestion project proved to be highly feasible, with more positive net present value, and lower levelized cost of energy. Sensitivity analysis showed that both projects are infeasible with a discount rate beyond 20%. The results also showed that landfill gas without energy recovery has high global warming potential. It was realized that on the average landfill gas to energy technology could reduce global warming potential by 71.5%, while anaerobic digestion technology could reduce global warming potential by 92.7%. This study will offer scientific guidance for investment in anaerobic digestion and landfill gas to energy projects in China and other countries.
Keywords: Electricity generation potential | Organic fraction of municipal solid waste | Biogas | Landfill gas to energy technology | Anaerobic digestion technology | Global warming potential
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Micro-cogeneration based on solid oxide fuel cells: Market opportunities in the agriculture/livestock sector
تولید همزمان خرد بر اساس پیل های سوختی اکسید جامد: فرصت های بازار در بخش کشاورزی / دام-2020
Bio-waste embeds an extraordinary renewable potential, and it becomes a source of energy savings when transformed into a valuable resource, like biogas. Cogeneration (CHP) from biogas employing high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) scores a high sustain- ability level, thanks to improved environmental and energy performances. The synergy between the niche market of small/micro biogas producers and SOFCs might act as a springboard to open market opportunities for both SOFC commercialization and business upgrade of small farms. However, local regulations, waste management, renewable energy subsidies and, above all, availability of eligible sites, determine real chances for on-the- ground implementation.Through a detailed analysis of the application scenario, this research aims at investi- gating opportunities for the experimentation of SOFCeCHP in small biogas plants and identifying the possible bottlenecks for future deployment. When it becomes relevant, energy conversion of livestock (especially cattle and swine) and agriculture waste requires SOFC modules from 10 kWe to 35 kWe. This is in line with the current status of SOFC suppliers. Moreover, considering the fuel cell market roll-out, the average levelized cost of electricity is expected to decrease from 0.387 V/kWh to 0.115 V/kWh, when electricity is produced from livestock waste available on-site.© 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Keywords: Energy efficiency | Biogas | SOFC | Circular economy | Livestock waste | Micro-CHP
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Bio-natural gas industry in China: Current status and development
صنعت گاز زیست طبیعی در چین: وضعیت فعلی و توسعه-2020
China has promoted its biogas industry for a long time and begun to support bio-natural gas (BNG; also known as biogas upgrading or biogas-to-biomethane) projects for the first time in 2015 at the central government level. This study presented a comprehensive overview of the BNG industry in China, including its status quo, national strategic planning, upgrading technologies, investment cost, potential, and opportunities and challenges. A total of 65 BNG demonstration projects were approved by the central government between 2015 and 2017, and 197 projects are expected to have been built by 2020 as part of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). BNG is an emerging industry, and its development provides several opportunities, including a huge natural gas demand, national policy incentives, integrated agriculture, and reduced carbon emissions. The challenges and barriers to such developments include the high upgrading cost, fluctuating natural gas prices, unsound market access mechanism for biomethane and biofertilizer, scarce competition-oriented feedstock resources, incomplete standard system and cross-sectorial management, imperfect policy and subsidy mechanism, and lagging technology and equipment. China can learn from other developed countries in four ways. First, the country must enhance the cost effectiveness of its subsidies. Then, China must highlight the operations of its BNG industry and evaluate its performance; prioritize digestate management in the planning stage; improve its project service level and reinforce research and development. The findings of this work provide a valuable reference for other developing countries that intend to address energy shortage issues and integrate waste management into their regional planning.
Keywords: Biogas | Bio-natural gas | Biomethane | Potential | China
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Assessing the success and failure of biogas units in Israel: Social niches, practices, and transitions among Bedouin villages
ارزیابی موفقیت و شکست واحدهای بیوگاز در اسرائیل: سوله های اجتماعی ، اقدامات و انتقال در روستاهای بادیه نشین-2020
The heuristic multi-level perspective framework (MLP) is applied here to explore the innovation process and determinants of adoption and diffusion of an individual project. Drawing on insights from this explanatory and integrative framework, we benefit from an in-depth examination into drivers and barriers to biogas technology. We retrospectively investigate a frame of the project “Integrated Waste Recycling Systems for Agricultural and Environmental Safety Purposes in Rural Communities in Jordan and Israel”. Precisely, our work focuses on the outcomes of the implementation of biogas units in three Bedouin villages in Southern Israel. The adoption and diffusion of technology incorporated learning processes and changing behaviours such as skill development, competencies, social practices and new social roles. Knowledge, and financial and policymaker support were critical drivers. Besides, the involvement of women and young community members was a crucial aspect of the adoption. By contrast, patriarchy and financial capability represented barriers. We commented on the creation of social niches, and we recognised niche management actions along with the project progression. The introduction of social niches concept represents an extension to the traditional MLP vocabulary throughout a new paradigm of meanings. The social niche plays the role of the agency that embodies individuals’ level and bridges social practices to the regime. Moreover, we conclude that the biogas innovation process was the outcome of the coevolution of technological and social niches. Furthermore, we assert the importance of exploring the role of social niches and niche strategic management in the transition studies in poor contexts.
Keywords: Biogas technology | Renewable energy technology | Renewable energy diffusion |Sustainable innovation | Multi-level perspective (MLP) framework | Energy research
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Complementing energy production with nutrient management: Anaerobic digestion system for algal turf scrubber biomass
تکمیل تولید انرژی با مدیریت مواد مغذی: سیستم هضم بی هوازی برای زیست توده scrubber چمن جلبک-2020
Algal turf scrubbers (ATS) and anaerobic digesters (AD), when combined, remove nutrients from eutrophic water while producing renewable energy through biogas production. Algal biomass was produced from an ATS system that used tipping buckets to introduce riverine water in pulses onto a flow-way with a mesh screen installed to facilitate algal attachment. This study was the first to determine methane (CH4) production from AD of a microand macro-algae polyculture, harvested from an ATS, using lab-scale reactors under batch and semi-continuous feeding regimes. The lab-scale study was followed by a pilot-scale (7m3) ATS-AD study, the largest scale study of biogas production from ATS-derived algae. Batch digestion of ‘wet’ algae (93% moisture) produced 158 ± 13 L CH4/kg VS, which was higher than algae with a lower moisture content (≤62% moisture). Continuing use of ‘wet’ algae as the substrate, the 2 L semi-continuously-fed lab system yielded a maximum CH4 production value of 144 ± 7 L CH4/kg VS, with 60%–62% CH4 in the biogas. The 7m3 pilot-scale system produced 107 ± 15 L CH4/kg VS, with 66.4% CH4 in the biogas. Scale-up calculations showed that a 1 ha ATS system could capture 8.73 kg N, 1.18 kg P, and 52.5 kg C/ha-d, with the resulting algae being used in AD to produce biogas for direct heating (2.8*108 J) or to power a 1.13 kW generator. While the total energy output from the 1 ha ATS-AD system is relatively low, energy production from the AD system is a supplemental benefit to an ATS system that captures nutrients from eutrophic water. This ATS-AD system could contribute to the overall Chesapeake Bay cleanup, especially in nutrient hot-spots, like the Baltimore Harbor, where high nutrient concentrations support high algal productivity, which would provide substrate for on-site energy production from AD.
Keywords: Methane | Algae | ATS | Nutrients | Biogas
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Machine learning powered software for accurate prediction of biogas production: A case study on industrial-scale Chinese production data
نرم افزار طراحی شده توسط ماشین یادگیری برای پیش بینی دقیق تولید بیوگاز: یک مطالعه موردی در مورد داده های تولید چینی در مقیاس صنعتی-2019
The search for appropriate models for predictive analytics is currently a high priority to optimize anaerobic fermentation processes in industrial-scale biogas facilities; operational productivity could be enhanced if project operators used the latest tools in machine learning to inform decision-making. The objective of this study is to enhance biogas production in industrial facilities by designing a graphical user interface to machine learning models capable of predicting biogas output given a set of waste inputs. The methodology involved applying predictive algorithms to daily production data from two major Chinese biogas facilities in order to understand the most important inputs affecting biogas production. The machine learning models used included logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and k-nearest neighbors regression. The models were tuned and crossvalidated for optimal accuracy. Our results showed that: (1) the KNN model had the highest model accuracy for the Hainan biogas facility, with an 87% accuracy on the test set; (2) municipal fecal residue, kitchen food waste, percolate, and chicken litter were inputs that maximized biogas production; (3) an online web-tool based on the machine learning models was developed to enhance the analytical capabilities of biogas project operators; (4) an online waste resource mapping tool was also developed for macro-level project location planning. This research has wide implications for biogas project operators seeking to enhance facility performance by incorporating machine learning into the analytical pipeline.
Keywords: Biogas | Machine learning | China | Graphical user interface
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Performance enhancement of a spark ignition engine fed by different fuel types
بهبود عملکرد یک موتور اشتعال جرقه تغذیه توسط انواع مختلف سوخت-2016
A numerical model based on thermodynamic and kinetic analyses has been established in order to eval- uate biogas, hydrogen, natural gas or liquid petroleum gas as fuels in a spark ignition engine. For each fuel type, consumption as well as efficiency have been compared to gasoline in order to generate the same engine work (in the range of 0.28–0.43 W h/cycle). It was found that the spark ignition engine can be fed by an equimolar mixture of biogas and hydrogen. Moreover, thermal efficiency has been enhanced with respect to fuel consumption and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It was shown that an equimolar mixture between biogas and hydrogen increases the ITE by around 2.2% and decreases the mass con- sumption by less than 0.01 g/cycle. In addition, the combustion reaction progresses as well as CO and CO2 emissions have been characterized in real time.© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Spark ignition engine | Thermodynamic analysis | Hydrogen | Biogas | Natural gas | Liquid petroleum gas
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Linking climate change mitigation and coastal eutrophication management through biogas technology: Evidence from a new Danish bioenergy concept
لینک کردن کاهش تغییرات اقلیمی و مدیریت انباشت ساحلی از طریق فن آوری بیوگاز: شواهدی از یک مفهوم جدید انرژی زیستی دانمارکی-2016
The interest in sustainable bioenergy solutions has gained great importance in Europe due to the need to reduce GHG emissions and to meet environmental policy targets, not least for the protection of groundwater and surface water quality. In the Municipality of Solrød in Denmark, a novel bioenergy concept for anaerobic co-digestion of food industry residues, manure and beach-cast seaweed has been developed and tested in order to quantify the potential for synergies between climate change mitigation and coastal eutrophication management in the Køge Bay catchment. The biogas plant, currently under construction, was designed to handle an annual input of up to 200,000 t of biomass based on four main fractions: pectin wastes, carrageenan wastes, manure and beach-cast seaweed. This paper describes how this bioenergy concept can contribute to strengthening the linkages between climate change mitigation strategies and Water Framework Directive (WFD) action planning. Our assessments of the projected biogas plant indicate an annual reduction of GHG emissions of approx. 40,000 t CO2 equivalents, corresponding to approx. 1/3 of current total GHG emissions in the Municipality of Solrød. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorous loads to Køge Bay are estimated to be reduced by approx. 63 t yr.−1 and 9 t yr.−1, respectively, contributing to the achievement of more than 70% of the nutrient reduction target set for Køge Bay in the first WFD river basin management plan. This study shows that anaerobic co-digestion of the specific food industry residues, pig manure and beach-cast seaweed is feasible and that there is a very significant, cost-effective GHG* Corresponding author at: Roskilde University, Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, DK, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.E-mail addresses: bjstka@ruc.dk, bjarke.stoltze@gmail.com (B.S. Kaspersen).http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.015 0048-9697/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.and nutrient loading mitigation potential for this bioenergy concept. Our research demonstrates how an integrated planning process where considerations about the total environment are integrated into the design and decision processes can support the development of this kind of holistic bioenergy solutions.© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Biogas | Anaerobic digestion | Climate change mitigation | Greenhouse gas (GHG) | Water framework directive | Eutrophication | Nutrients | Agriculture
مقاله انگلیسی
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