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نتیجه جستجو - تجارت بین الملل

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 34
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 مهاجران جهانی: درک پیامدهای تجارت و مدیریت بین المللی
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 47
مهاجرت جهانی همیشه افراد ، سازمانها و جوامع را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است ، اما توجه به مهاجرت در تجارت و مدیریت بین المللی (IB / IM) متناسب با اهمیت آن نبوده است. در این مقاله توضیح می دهیم که چرا تمرکز بر مهاجرت مورد نیاز است ، چگونه به این موضوع تاکنون در این زمینه پرداخته شده است ، و به ویژه اینکه چگونه می تواند به تولید دانش و بینش مربوط به عمل و سیاست کمک کند. ما با معرفی مجموعه ای از مطالعات در یک شماره ویژه در مورد مهاجرت جهانی و پیامدهای آن برای IB / IM ، بر اهمیت این پدیده تأکید می کنیم.
کلید واژه ها: مهاجرت | تجارت بین المللی | مدیریت بین الملل
مقاله ترجمه شده
2 From exports to value added to income: Accounting for bilateral income transfers
از صادرات به ارزش افزوده به درآمد: حسابداری برای انتقال درآمد دوجانبه-2021
The existence of multinational firms and the rise of global value chains raise the question how international trade contributes to a countrys income. Ownership relations between, for example, headquarters and subsidiaries result in international income transfers. These transfers are ignored in standard trade data. Taking them into account in a global input-output analysis allows us to assess how much income is generated in one country due to the consumption of final products in another country. This provides a new perspective compared to the concept of value-added exports introduced by Johnson and Noguera (2012). For the US, we find that the income generated by foreign consumption is 51% higher than the value added in the US that is generated by foreign consumption. Similar findings hold for other countries as well, but to a lesser extent. The implication is that the current account deficit of the US almost disappears from the income perspective.
keywords: تجارت بین الملل | شرکت های چند ملیتی | درآمد ناخالص ملی | تجارت ارزش افزوده | تراز تجاری | International trade | Multinational firms | Gross national income | Value-added trade | Trade balance
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Discrepancy originated from intensity vector in embodied energy accounting
اختلاف ناشی از بردار شدت در حسابداری انرژی تجسم شده است-2021
Global climate change has made human pursuit of sustainable development goals more urgent and specific, with increasing studies focused on environmental embodiment or footprint issues. As a key link in embodied energy accounting, energy intensity vector has received little attention although its variants can lead to huge discrep- ancies in interpreting results and the corresponding policy implications. This work performs a comparative study to inform the choice of energy intensity vector in input-output modelling. We construct 4 energy intensity vectors varying from methodology and data source, and compare their performances in terms of sectoral and regional responsibility, energy embodied in international trade both in an original and uniform framework. It is concluded that the choice of energy intensity is a process of determining system boundary, and trade-off should be made between detailed actual energy flow and implication about energy-economy nexus. Energy sectors dominate the generation of intensity vector, processing of exogenous energy data, especially the part from household direct use and transformation efficiency loss may cause a huge accounting deviation. Although different vectors may give varying sectoral embodied energy, the discrepancy in regional total, in particular, consumption-based accounting is much less. Our discussion can be further applied to other embodied resource accounting or environmental extension.
keywords: گسترش انرژی | انرژی تجسم یافته | ورودی-خروجی توسعه یافته محیطی | ردپای انرژی | چند منطقه ای | چین | Energy extension | Embodied energy | Environmentally extended input-output | Energy footprint | Multi-regional | China
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Encouraging domestic innovation by protecting foreign intellectual property
تشویق نوآوری داخلی با حمایت از مالکیت معنوی خارجی-2020
This paper examines the relationship of respect for foreign intellectual property (IP) and domestic innovation. In a global economy, countries may choose to protect the IP of their own citizens, foreigners, or both or neither. We develop a model that shows that countries will have higher levels of innovation when respecting both domestic and foreign intellectual property. We test this prediction and show that domestic innovation is positively related to respect for both foreign and domestic IP. Intuitively, respect for domestic IP encourages innovation. We demonstrate the less intuitive case that protection of foreign IP further incentivizes domestic innovation
Keywords: Intellectual property rights | Innovation | Intellectual property | International trade | Technology policy
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Evolution of Central and Eastern Europe related international business research
تکامل تحقیقات تجاری بین المللی مربوط به اروپای مرکزی و شرقی-2020
This study reviews the presence of articles related to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in Web of Science (WOS). Bibliometric analysis first reveals the trends of CEE-related articles in the areas of international business (IB), management and economics up to 2016. The results show steady growth in absolute and relative numbers after 1990, intensifying since 2010. Second, we conduct topic research using network analysis with blockmodeling. We identify a network of topics and their interrelations over time and used them to periodise the CEE-related research in IB. The most-cited CEE-related IB articles and the main citation path are also presented. The analysis adds to the discussion of how the CEE region is explored in IB research, its contributions, impacts and the challenges facing regional research in the future. In this study, a methodology and framework for performing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on regional IB research is applied.
Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe | International business | Bibliometric network analysis | Blockmodeling | Internationalisation | Transition
مقاله انگلیسی
6 International wildlife trade, avian influenza, organised crime and the effectiveness of CITES: The Chinese hwamei as a case study
تجارت بین المللی حیات وحش ، آنفلوانزای مرغی ، جرایم سازمان یافته و اثربخشی CITES: هوآمی چینی به عنوان مطالعه موردی-2020
The Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is the most important global initiative to monitor and regulate the international trade of plants and animals, but there is a lack of (retrospective) assessments of the effectiveness of its actions. We here focus on the international trade in Chinese hwamei Garrulax canorus, a songbird native to south-eastern China and northern Lao PDR and Vietnam. Prior to the year 2000, the species was heavily traded as an ornamental cage bird, both in countries within and outside its natural range. In an effort to prevent international overexploitation, at the request of China, the Chinese hwamei was listed in Appendix II of CITES, regulating all international trade. Here we compare data from three non-range countries (Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia) for which we have bird market survey data prior to and following the CITES listing. In addition, we assess whether or not CITES import and export figures agree with observations in the bird markets, and explore the contemporary (online) trade and trafficking in Chinese hwamei. We find a clear effect of the CITES listing and Chinese export restrictions in Indonesia (before ~50 birds/survey vs ~15 birds/survey after), but not in Thailand (~10 vs ~13) and Singapore (~4 vs ~16). Singapore is the only country that reports the import of Chinese hwamei, 1650 birds in 2002e2004 only, possibly accounting for a proportion of the birds observed in trade. In contrast, neither Thailand nor Indonesia report the import of a single Chinese hwamei since its CITES listing, despite some 2000 birds having been recorded openly for sale, suggesting large-scale illegal international trade in the species. Five seizures in Singapore and Indonesia were mostly because of concern about avian influenza. Price data, corrected for inflation, suggests that prices for Chinese hwamei have increased substantially, albeit following a delay, from ~US$50 prior to the listing to ~ US$200 after. We conclude that the CITES Appendix II listing of Chinese hwamei has had some positive effect on reducing the volumes of these birds in international trade, mainly through implementation of domestic legislation in China, but that substantial illegal or undocumented trade persists in Southeast Asia, involving organised criminal networks.We recommend actions from range countries, such as China, to cease the illegal export of Chinese hwamei, from importing countries such as Indonesia, to ensure no illegal shipments of birds enter their country, and for consumer countries where the species cannot legally be traded to curb the illegal domestic trade as the demand for songbirds in these markets drives the trafficking.
Keywords: Anthropogenic allee effect | China | Indonesia | Illegal wildlife trade | Organised crime | Overexploitation | songbird | Wildlife trafficking
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Knowledge transfer between self-initiated expatriates and their organizations: Research propositions for managing SIEs
انتقال دانش بین مهاجران خود آغاز شده و سازمان های آنها: پیشنهادهای تحقیقاتی برای مدیریت SIEs-2020
Knowledge management is increasingly recognized as a key aspect of international business and management. This paper offers research avenues for investigating knowledge transfer between self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) and their employer organizations. Building on the existing literature on expatriation and knowledge transfer, it offers a series of research propositions. It illustrates the knowledge transfer process in three phases: opportunity seeking, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application. We suggest that different characteristics of SIEs and their organizations can influence the knowledge transfer process. Furthermore, we advance that SIEs may be a source of sustained competitive advantage to their companies. Several implications for future empirical research are also discussed and the paper concludes with practical implications for SIE talent management.
Keywords: Corruption | Bribery | International business | Politics | Bibliometric analysis | Meta-literature review | Firms | Content analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Corruption in international business: A review and research agenda
فساد در تجارت بین الملل: مرور و تحقیق-2020
We systematically reviewed the literature on corruption in international business (137 articles) for the last 17 years between 1992 and 2019. Additionally, we identified seven research streams in this growing literature: (1) the legislation against corruption, (2) the determinants of corruption, (3) combating corruption, 4) the effect of corruption on firms, (5) the political environment and corruption, (6) corruption as a challenge to existing theories of management, and (7) the effect of corruption on foreign direct investment and trade. Based on this review, we recommend that strong international laws are needed to minimize the negative impact of corruption on international business. Firms must also consider corruption when formulating strategies to increase opera- tional efficiency and performance. Finally, corruption challenges some key assumptions of existing theories of management. Scholars need to test and expand these existing theories by considering corruption as an important issue in international business.
Keywords: Corruption | Bribery | International business | Politics | Bibliometric analysis | Meta-literature review | Firms | Content analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Overcoming blind spots in global sourcing research: Exploiting the cross-sections between supply chain management and international business
غلبه بر نقاط کور در تحقیقات تأمین منابع جهانی: بهره برداری از مقاطع بین مدیریت زنجیره تأمین و تجارت بین المللی-2020
This article reviews existing work on global sourcing and suggests a number of new theoretical directions for research in this area. We discuss how international business (IB) and supply chain management (SCM) research can benefit from increased cross-fertilization of themes and per- spectives. We begin by introducing a taxonomy of global sourcing research, building on relevant insights from SCM research. We then generate recommendations for potential future research on global sourcing, particularly highlighting antecedents, processes, performance and contextual variables. SCM research employs the entire supply chain as the primary unit of analysis (rather than the individual firm), while IB research focuses primarily on international aspects, adapting to institutional contexts in a globalized world. Building on this complementarity, several specific empirical directions are proposed for future research directions.
Keywords: Global sourcing | Global supply chains | International business | Supply chain management
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Monitoring the trade in marine ornamental fishes through the European Trade Control and Expert System TRACES: Challenges and possibilities
نظارت بر تجارت ماهی های زینتی دریایی از طریق سیستم کنترل تجارت و سیستم تجاری اروپا TRACES: چالش ها و احتمالات-2019
The trade in marine ornamental fishes is valued at over a billion dollars annually and comprises thousands of species. Historically, scientists have pointed out the importance of accurate trade statistics to monitor this trade. Today, there remains no global systems in place to monitor it. Europe is a major importer of coral reef fishes, and uses the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) to monitor trade in live animals for disease prevention. This database is not intended to record strict species-specific information on marine ornamental fishes, rather numbers of traded specimens and information on species to at least family level. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the volume of trade into Europe, which amounted to approximately 4 million marine ornamental fishes per year during 2014 and 2017. Susceptible species were identified using the number of traded specimens, trends in the trade volume, IUCN Red List conservation status, as well as vulnerability according to FishBase. After normalization of this data a score was created to produce a watchlist that establishes susceptibility to overexploitation of the species traded considering all parameters combined. Unfortunately, almost one third of all species is listed as data deficient or not evaluated by the IUCN Red List and could not be included in this calculation. Species on the watchlist should be given priority for further monitoring through the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). This study suggests that TRACES, subject to several modifications, could be used as a tool to monitor trade in marine ornamental fishes.
Keywords: Coral reef fishes | European and international trade | Trade monitoring | Convention on International Trade of | Endangered Species CITES | IUCN | Watchlist
مقاله انگلیسی
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