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نتیجه جستجو - تحقیق و توسعه

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 48
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 عوامل تعیین کننده باز بودن کسب و کار در فرآیندهای نوآوری
سال انتشار: 2022 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 13
مفهوم نوآوری باز نه تنها به عنوان یک موضوع مطالعه در دانشگاهیان، بلکه به عنوان چارچوبی برای توسعه مدل های جدید مدیریت کسب و کار به اهمیت ویژه ای دست یافته است. این مقاله به بررسی عوامل تعیین کننده یکی از ابعاد نوآوری باز مرتبط با استفاده از دانش خارجی برای توسعه فرآیندهای نوآوری تجاری می پردازد. تجزیه و تحلیل بر اساس ریز داده های توسعه و نوآوری فناوری بررسی EDIT 2015 - 2016 انجام شده توسط آژانس آماری کلمبیا (DANE) انجام شده است. برای این منظور، معیاری که میزان باز بودن شرکت را در رابطه با استفاده از منابع اطلاعاتی خارجی برای توسعه فعالیت‌های نوآورانه نشان می‌دهد، معرفی شده است. متغیرهای مرتبط با قابلیت‌های فن‌آوری شرکت، موانع نوآوری و استراتژی مناسب‌بودن به عنوان عوامل تعیین‌کننده در نظر گرفته می‌شوند.
کلیدواژه ها: نوآوری باز | منابع اطلاعاتی | تحقیق و توسعه | استراتژی های مناسب سازی
مقاله ترجمه شده
2 The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America
سیاست پشت دانش علمی: مدیریت جنگل پایدار در آمریکای لاتین-2021
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) seeks to achieve an equilibrium in the economic, social and environ- mental value of all types of forests. This practice contrasts with the conventional view of managing forests, in which the focus is productivity. Thus, discussions about conventional forest management versus sustainable forest management play a central role in the political and scientific agendas. However, knowledge production and its direction can be biased by different contextual factors such as the way funding is assigned by each country, institutional priorities, and constraints on international cooperation. With this paper, we aim to analyze the contribution of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America within the sustainable forest management research landscape by applying a literature review method (Scopus database for 2015–2018 period). Our results show a similar contribution of national and foreign funds and institutions supporting scientific knowledge about SFM in Latin America. Foreign funding comes mainly from United States of America, and Europe. Latin American authors lead high proportion of scientific articles, and authorship gender was more equitable between male and female researchers. The studies were mostly focused on conservation combined with productivity goals, as well as pure conservation goals, although social studies and restoration goals were also present. Our findings highlight a significant contribution to the paradigm shift in half of the scientific articles. Some studies provided recom- mendations (specific or general) derived from their results, but we did not detected a clear relationship with funding origin. Moreover, we found that the high contribution to the paradigm shift (studies supporting SFM instead of traditional management) came from institutions based in Latin America. This article aims to contribute to discussions related to scientific funding in Latin America, the North-South scientific relations, and the future of forest in times of climate change.
keywords: سیاست های جنگلداری | همکاری بین المللی | بررسی ادبیات | منابع طبیعی | تحقیق و توسعه | بودجه پژوهشی | Forestry policies | International cooperation | Literature review | Natural resources | Research and development | Research funding
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Aggregate accounting research and development expenditures and the prediction of real gross domestic product
مجموع هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه حسابداری جمع آوری شده و پیش بینی تولید ناخالص داخلی واقعی-2021
The role of accounting information for public policy making has received increased attention in recent years. Konchitchki and Patatoukas (2014a,b) demonstrate that growth in aggregate accounting earnings can predict future growth in nominal and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We extend the micro to macro literature by decomposing earnings into the R&D and pre-R&D components. Using the Almon (1965) finite distributed lag model, we find that both components can predict future real GDP growth with different lead-lag structures. Importantly, this decomposition significantly increases the explanatory power of the predictive model using accounting information. Aggregate accounting R&D can predict real GDP through the personal consumption, business investment, and net export channels of GDP. Our study extends prior research on the forecasting usefulness of accounting information at the aggregate level and has practical implications for macro forecasting and for public policy making regarding innovative activities of publicly listed firms.
keywords: مجموع اعداد حسابداری | هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه | تولید ناخالص داخلی | پیش بینی کلان اقتصادی | ساختارهای تاخیری توزیع شده | Aggregate accounting numbers | Research and development expenditures | Gross domestic product | Macroeconomic forecasting | Distributed lag structures
مقاله انگلیسی
4 R&D internationalization in medium-sized firms: The moderating role of knowledge management in enhancing innovation performances
بین‌المللی‌سازی تحقیق و توسعه در شرکت‌های متوسط: نقش تعدیل‌کننده مدیریت دانش در افزایش عملکرد نوآوری-2021
The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between SMEs’ R&D internationalization and their innovation outcomes. Most studies on the topic focused on large multinational companies (MNCs), leaving several gaps in the literature with regard to SMEs. Using data from 106 Italian SMEs we performed an OLS regression analysis to test and find evidence of a positive linear relationship between SME’s R&D internationalization and innovation performance. In addition, we found that this relationship is positively moderated by knowledge management (KM) orientation. Main contributions are directed to the empirical test of the aforementioned relationships in a specific under developed research area, i.e. non-high tech SMEs, thus highlighting the positive effect of foreign acquisition of diverse cross-cultural knowledge on innovation. Moreover, KM orientation has been found to amplify this effect in the context of SMEs, due to a better management and integration of key internal and external knowledge.
keywords: R&D internationalization | Innovation performance | SMEs | Knowledge management
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Genetic distance, international experience and the performance of cross-border R&D for EMNEs
فاصله ژنتیک، تجربه بین المللی و عملکرد تحقیق و توسعه مرزی برای Emnes-2021
Cross-border R&D can contribute to the enhancement of independent innovation capabilities of emerging markets multinational enterprises (EMNEs) by benefiting from knowledge manage- ment. However, scant research exists examining the location impact of cross-border R&D for EMNEs on performance implications. This paper fills this important theoretical gap by building upon the literature of genetic distance in connection with knowledge management. We use a panel data of Chinese high-tech listed companies to empirically examine the impact of genetic distance on the performance of cross-border R&D and the role played by international experience. Our results reveal a positive relationship between genetic distance and the performance of cross- border R&D. Importantly, we highlight the motivation for cross-border R&D of EMNEs to acquire technical knowledge magnifies the positive effects of genetic distance and performance. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that international experience significantly enhanced the positive effect of genetic distance on cross-border R&D performance. We conclude this paper by discussing theoretical contributions to genetic distance, international management and knowl- edge management, as well as practical implications for cross-border R&D of EMNEs.
keywords: تحقیق و توسعه مرزی | فاصله ژنتیکی | تجربه بین المللی | قابلیت نوآوری | مدیریت دانش | Cross-border R&D | Genetic distance | International experience | Innovation capability | Knowledge management
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Know when to fold ‘em: An empirical description of risk management in public research funding
بدانید چه موقع برابر شوید: شرح تجربی مدیریت ریسک در بودجه تحقیق عمومی-2020
Public research funding programs typically make grants with minimal intervention by program staff, rather than using a hands-on approach to project management, which is more common in the private sector. In contrast, program staff at the US Department of Energys Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) are given a set of real options with which to manage funded projects: abandon, contract or expand project budgets or timelines. Using internal data from ARPA-E, we show that active project management enables risk mitigation across a portfolio of research projects. We find that program staff modify projects frequently, especially project timelines, and these changes are more sensitive to poor performance than to strong performance. We also find that projects with a shortened timeline or reduced budget are less likely to generate short-term research outputs, compared to those of ultimately similar size. This evidence suggests that the practice of active project management, when combined with high upfront risk tolerance, can be used to enhance the productivity of missionoriented public research funding.
Keywords: R&D funding | Project management | Real options | Managerial flexibility
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Pharmaceutical R & D pipeline management under trial duration uncertainty
مدیریت خط لوله تحقیق و توسعه دارویی تحت عدم قطعیت آزمایش-2020
We consider a pharmaceutical Research & Development (R & D) pipeline management problem under two significant uncertainties: the outcomes of clinical trials and their durations. We present an Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) approach to solve the problem efficiently. Given an initial list of potential drug candidates, ADP derives a policy that suggests the trials to be performed at each decision point and state. For the classical R&D pipeline planning problem with deterministic trial durations, we compare our ADP approach with other methods from the literature, and find that it can find better solutions more quickly in particular for larger problem instances. For the case with stochastic trial durations, we compare the ADP algorithm with a myopic approach and show that the expected net profit obtained by the derived ADP policy is higher (almost 20% for a 10-drug portfolio).
Keywords: Dynamic programming | Pharmaceutical R&D pipeline management | Heuristics | Approximate dynamic programming | Project scheduling
مقاله انگلیسی
8 State governments as financiers of technology startups: Evidence from Michigans R&D loan program
دولت های ایالتی به عنوان سرمایه گذار استارت آپ های فناوری: شواهدی از برنامه وام تحقیق و توسعه میشیگان-2020
State governments in the United States often fund and support technology startups within their borders. Yet little is known about the magnitude with which these place-based policy interventions shift the performance trajec- tories of entrepreneurial firms. We provide new evidence based on 241 startups that compete for advanced research and technology commercialization loans between 2002 and 2008 through a Michigan-based program. Among applicants with project scores near the threshold required for funding, we find that award recipients are 20%–30% more likely to remain in business four years after the competition relative to similar companies that seek but fail to receive funding. We also find that award receipt stimulates follow-on venture capital (VC) investments in surviving companies. The VC stimulus effect is, however, disproportionately driven by subsets of firms that are very young, relatively inexperienced at external fundraising, or located outside the dominant hub of entrepreneurial activity within the state. This distinctive pattern of heterogeneous effects remains visible for follow-on R&D financing from federal government sources, and for supplemental outcome measures that use news articles to track shifts in financing and business development activities. These findings are consistent with the view that public R&D programs are particularly beneficial when frictions in private resource markets are more severe.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Innovation policy | R&D subsidies | Startup performance
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Application of a fuzzy-logic based model for risk assessment in additive manufacturing r&d projects
استفاده از یک مدل مبتنی بر منطق فازی برای ارزیابی ریسک در پروژه های تحقیق و توسعه افزودنی-2020
Experts from industry and academics have highlighted Additive Manufacturing (AM) as a technology that is revolutionizing manufacturing. AM is a process that consists of creating a three-dimensional object by incorporating layers of a material such as metal or polymer. This research studies risks associated with AM R&D Project Management. A significant set of risks with a potential negative impact on project objectives in terms of scope, schedule, cost and quality are identified through an extensive literature review. These risks are assessed through a survey answered by ninety academics and professionals with noteworthy sector expertise. This process is made by the measurement of two parameters: likelihood of occurrence and impact on project objectives. According to the responses of the experts, the level of relevance of each risk is calculated, innovatively, through a fuzzy logic-based model, specifically developed for this study, implemented in MATLAB Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The results of this study show that the risks “Defects occurring during the manufacturing process”, “Defective design”, “Poor communication in the project team” and “Insufficient financing” are determined as the most critical in AM R&D Project Management. The proposed model is presented as a powerful new tool for organizations and academics, to prioritize the risks that are more critical to develop appropriate response strategies to achieve the success of their projects.
Keywords: Additive Manufacturing | 3D printing | Risk Assessment | Project Management | Fuzzy Logic
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Intangible assets and organizational citizenship behavior: A conceptual model
دارایی های نامشهود و رفتار شهروندی سازمانی: یک مدل مفهومی-2020
Through reviewing extant literature, this conceptual paper is aimed to improve the understanding of the inter- vening mechanisms that influence the relationship between intangible assets (IAs) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to improve the performance of contemporary knowledge-dependent organizations. The authors believe this to be the first attempt to bring four major components of IAs together and look at their relationship with OCB. This helps to create awareness of the necessity of matching key resources with appropriate behavior to improve organizations’ competitive advantages. The proposed model and propositions showed relationships between IAs and OCB mediated and moderated by work engagement and perceived organizational support, respectively. Moreover, this paper suggests the need for integrated multi-level studies to strengthen the links between critical resources and behaviors to put the learning organization on the right growth track. Future research is suggested on new conceptualizations of IAs, such as spiritual capital, as well as the relationship of IAs with other typologies of OCB.
Keywords: Intangible assets | Intellectual capital | Psychological capital | Organizational citizenship behavior | Work engagement | Perceived organizational support | Entrepreneurial psychology | Human resource management | Business management | Strategic management | Research and development | Business
مقاله انگلیسی
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