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نتیجه جستجو - تغییر آب و هوا

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 46
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Sustainable groundwater management in arid regions considering climate change impacts in Moghra region, Egypt
مدیریت پایدار آبهای زیرزمینی در مناطق خشک با توجه به تأثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی در منطقه مقرا ، مصر-2020
Egypt is one of the most water-scarce countries of the Middle East and North Africa region and is highly vulnerable to climatic changes. In the Egyptian deserts, new land reclamation projects depend mainly on groundwater as the main source of water. Also, solar energy is the most promising renewable source of energy for pumping and transport of water. Moghra region is one of the well-known “1.5 Million Acres Reclamation Projects” areas in the Western Desert. In this paper, a groundwater model was constructed and used to investigate the sustainable groundwater management scenarios in Moghra region taking into consideration impacts of the expected climate changes. Using MODFLOW/GMS software, Moghra model was prepared and calibrated based on the region’s topographic, climatic, geologic and hydrologeolgic conditions. The model was used to explore the impacts of climate changes; Sea Level Rise (SLR) by 1.0 m and temperature increase by 2�0C and 40�C on the management scenarios. In addition, the required power for water management after 5, 10, 50 and 100 years were determined. It was concluded that the best management scenario is to use 1000 wells to extract 1.2 Mm3/d of water for serving a total area of 85,714 acres (360 km2). This scenario satisfies the project criteria that permits a maximum drawdown less than 1 m/year. It was also concluded that SLR has mild effects on groundwater levels due to the vast aquifer dimensions. Additionally, the increase in evapotranspiration due to temperature increase will lead to a significant increase in the consumptive use. The power needed to extract water will continuously increase due to the expected increase in drawdown. The required area for Photovoltaic (PV) solar plant was determined and its value increased by 6% and 12% due to temperature increase of 2�C and 4�C, respectively.
Keywords: ArcGIS | Climate change | Groundwater management | MODFLOW/GMS | Moghra aquifer | Solar energy
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Projection of spatiotemporal variability of wave power in the Persian Gulf by the end of 21st century: GCM and CORDEX ensemble
پیش بینی تغییر پذیری مکانی و قدرت موج در خلیج فارس تا پایان قرن بیست و یکم: GCM و CORDEX-2020
This study investigates future variability of wave power in the Persian Gulf. The contribution of this paper is twofold: (a) to evaluate spatiotemporal resolutions, downscaling techniques and global circulation model (GCM) selection impacts running multi-climate models, and (b) to project wave energy resources and its variability by the end of 21st century using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 as two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) model forcing with near surface wind components was employed for wave simulation. The numerical wave model was calibrated and validated using wave measurements by two buoys prior to wave energy computations. The results of wave models obtained from different climate models showed a wide range of variety for different climatic resources associated with GCM selection, temporal and spatial resolutions and downscaling approach. Outputs of the wave model forcing with 3 hourly wind data of CMCC-CM and CORDEX-MPI (Max Plank Institute) with daily temporal resolution were recognized as the models with the best performance. Using a weighted average of these two models, the wave characteristics were obtained and wave energy were computed for the historical and future periods. Temporal distribution of energy shows highly intra-annual and seasonal variability when the mean wave power for the strongest month exceeds 1000Watt per meter that is 10 times higher than the mean wave power in the weakest month. Similarly, a strong spatial variability in wave power distributionwas revealed where the middle part of the Gulf has found to have the highest energy and the eastern and northwestern regions have the lowest energy. The projections illustrated a decreasing trend on future wave energy up to 40% in the Iranian coastlines and lower rate of changes in the southern stripe of the study area.
Keywords: Renewable energy | Climate change | CORDEX | Representative concentration pathways | Energy management
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Mobile phone network data reveal nationwide economic value of coastal tourism under climate change
ارزش اقتصادی داده های شبکه تلفن همراه در سراسر جهان از گردشگری ساحلی در اثر تغییر آب و هوا-2020
The technology-driven application of big data is expected to assist policymaking towards sustainable development; however, the relevant literature has not addressed human welfare under climate change, which limits the understanding of climate change impacts on human societies. We present the first application of unique mobile phone network data to evaluate the current nation-wide human welfare of coastal tourism at Japanese beaches and project the value change using the four climate change scenarios. The results show that the projected national economic value loss rates are more significant than the projected national physical beach loss rates. Our findings demonstrate regional differences in recreational values: most southern beaches with larger current values would disappear, while the current small values of the northern beaches would remain. These changes imply that the ranks of the beaches, based on economic values, would enable policymakers to discuss management priorities under climate change.
Keywords: Adaptation | Beach recreation | Big data | Climate change | Coastal tourism | Ecosystem services | Travel cost method | Sea level rise
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Life in riverine islands in Bangladesh: Local adaptation strategies of climate vulnerable riverine island dwellers for livelihood resilience
زندگی در جزایر رودخانه ای در بنگلادش: استراتژی های سازگاری محلی ساکنان جزیره رودخانه ای آسیب پذیر در برابر آب و هوا برای تاب آوری معیشت-2020
Adaptation is a key tool to reduce the climate change vulnerability of rural people whose livelihood is dependent on agriculture. An appropriate policy and strategy cannot be effective without a proper understanding of peoples’ climate change perception. This study intends to explore the local adaptation strategies of the riverine island (char) dwellers in the face of climate change hazards through a survey of 374 char dwellers living in the flood and riverbank erosion prone geographically isolated areas in Bangladesh. The study reveals almost no difference between the perception of char dwellers and the observed data on climate change. It further reports that the climate impacts make the char households a vulnerable community and minimize their livelihood resilience. A number of local adaptation strategies are adapted by char dwellers in the face of climate change effects which enhance their livelihood resilience. The study further reveals that homestead gardening, changing cropping pattern, tree plantation and migration are the most common strategies adapted by char dwellers. The study suggests that continuous development program and riverine island-based disaster management projects should be executed through an effective monitoring for enhancing char dweller’s livelihood resilience.
Keywords: Climate change | Vulnerability | Disaster management | Resilience | Sandbar
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Evaluating an adaptive management strategy for organizational energy use under climate uncertainty
ارزیابی یک استراتژی مدیریتی تطبیقی ​​برای استفاده از انرژی سازمانی در عدم قطعیت اقلیم-2020
Changing climate creates energy demand uncertainty that is essential for facility and organizational management. Energy conservation can be achieved through combinations of capital improvements and/or management strategies. One such management strategy is implementation of non-conditioning zones to reduce temperate season energy demand. In this study, we evaluate a temporally-based, non-conditioning zone policy originally developed for Kunsan Air Force Base, Korea and apply it to six locations across the contiguous United States, which coincide with major U.S. Air Force bases in various climate zones. Using projected temperature portfolios, we determine that the performance of the implemented policy is likely to change over the remainder of the century. In temperate climate zones, there is an increase in the potential non-conditioning zone by about a month. However, in a tropical climate, the potential duration for a non-conditioned zone reduces by over half by the end of the century. In addition to non-conditioning zone duration change, temporal shifts in the spring and fall seasons affect non-conditioning zone onset. The cumulative changes suggest the need for climate forecast-informed adaptive management policies to mitigate energy demand. The results of this study inform organization and facility-level energy management, suggesting adaptive management policies to address energy budget uncertainty.
Keywords: Adaptive management | Climate change | Energy conservation | Organizational energy use
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Co-production of knowledge and adaptation to water scarcity in developing countries
تولید دانش و سازگاری با کمبود آب در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2020
Dwindling of freshwater resources is a harsh reality of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and climate change is expected to deteriorate their situation through major reduction of freshwater supplies. Co-production of knowledge, through active negotiation of experts, government and local stakeholders has been used as a strategy to adapt to water scarcity. However, in many developing countries, co-production of knowledge is not common and adaptation efforts rarely reflects the plurality of involved knowledge sources and actors. Given the urgent need of transition towards water-efficient agricultural practices, the Iran’s government applied the knowledge co-production approach and implemented an integrated participatory crop management (IPCM) project in the Bakian village, Fars province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the knowledge coproduction process, identify the factors contributing to adoption of the co-produced knowledge and investigate the corresponding social, economic and environmental impacts. A mixed-method research was conducted comprising a case study on 19 informants selected using purposive sampling and a survey of 150 rice producers selected through systematic random sampling. The results indicated the relevance and pertinence of knowledge co-production in recognizing the real problems of the rice producers and suggesting some potential adaptive strategies. Though a wide range of natural, financial, technical, institutional and structural constraints restricted adoption of the proposed adaptive strategies, application of the co-produced knowledge significantly increased water productivity, ensured higher yields and farm-based sustainable livelihoods, and enhanced resilience of the farm households under water scarcity. Some recommendations and implications are offered to increase adaptation of farm families to water scarcity.
Keywords: Co-production of knowledge | Adaptation | Water scarcity | Climate change | Integrated participatory crop management | Impact assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Projected changes to moisture loads for design and management of building exteriors over Canada
تغییرات پیش بینی شده برای بارهای رطوبت برای طراحی و مدیریت ساختمانهای خارجی در کانادا-2020
Atmospheric moisture loading affects the performance and durability of building exteriors. In a changing climate, designing for historical moisture loads may no longer be adequate. This study investigates potential climate change impacts on the moisture index used in the design and management of buildings over Canada. Projections are obtained for future periods experiencing different global warming levels (þ1 �C, þ2 �C, etc.) with respect to 1986–2016 baseline using outputs from a 15-member initial condition ensemble of the CanRCM4, a Canadian regional climate model at 50-km resolution. CanRCM4 overestimates wetting potential, underestimates drying capacity, and hence overestimates moisture loads for the baseline period. To obtain unbiased moisture indices, a simple linear bias adjustment scheme is applied to the baseline simulation and future projections. Significant increases in future moisture loads are found over the western and eastern coastal regions of Canada due to increases in rainfall amounts, driven by increases in precipitation and a warming-induced shift from snow to rain. Conversely, CanRCM4 projects significant decreases in future moisture loads over south-central and northern Canada due to increases in drying capacity, driven by increases in future near surface air temperature that are accompanied by nearly unchanged relative humidity. Internal variability of the moisture load due to the natural, chaotic variability of the climate system, is modest compared to the magnitude of the projected change signal — signal-to-noise ratio is high. The projected changes suggest that moisture protection could be a concern for designing and managing building exteriors over western and eastern coastal regions of Canada.
Keywords: Climate change | Design building | Moisture index | Regional climate models
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Evaluating an adaptive management strategy for organizational energy use under climate uncertainty
ارزیابی یک استراتژی مدیریتی تطبیقی ​​برای استفاده از انرژی سازمانی در عدم قطعیت اقلیم-2020
Changing climate creates energy demand uncertainty that is essential for facility and organizational management. Energy conservation can be achieved through combinations of capital improvements and/or management strategies. One such management strategy is implementation of non-conditioning zones to reduce temperate season energy demand. In this study, we evaluate a temporally-based, non-conditioning zone policy originally developed for Kunsan Air Force Base, Korea and apply it to six locations across the contiguous United States, which coincide with major U.S. Air Force bases in various climate zones. Using projected temperature portfolios, we determine that the performance of the implemented policy is likely to change over the remainder of the century. In temperate climate zones, there is an increase in the potential non-conditioning zone by about a month. However, in a tropical climate, the potential duration for a non-conditioned zone reduces by over half by the end of the century. In addition to non-conditioning zone duration change, temporal shifts in the spring and fall seasons affect non-conditioning zone onset. The cumulative changes suggest the need for climate forecast-informed adaptive management policies to mitigate energy demand. The results of this study inform organization and facility-level energy management, suggesting adaptive management policies to address energy budget uncertainty.
Keywords: Adaptive management | Climate change | Energy conservation | Organizational energy use
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Toward a trans-regional vulnerability assessment for Alps. A methodological approach to land cover changes over alpine landscapes, supporting urban adaptation
به سمت ارزیابی آسیب پذیری فرا منطقه ای برای رشته کوه های آلپ. یک رویکرد روششناختی برای تغییر پوشش زمین نسبت به مناظر کوهستانی ، حمایت از سازگاری شهری-2020
The contribution presents a possible assessment methodology for land cover change over ice and snow, between 1990 and 2018 in the Dolomites and the Alpi Giulie. The methodology aims to build surface atlas to assess the land cover changes. The tool is intended as a support for environmental management, forecasting and, as support for territorial government systems in climate- proof planning processes. In the “business as usual” global warming scenario, ice and snow resources will become one of the most affected subjects by Climate Change, with heavy consequences on ecosystems, urban environments and socioeconomic. Current monitoring and assessment systems are fragmented both by survey methodology and by local distribution. The methodology is developed in using GIS, following remote sensing (RS) processes and spatial analysis tools to manage multispectral satellite images. The process uses spectral signatures from satellite images to identify homogeneous areas in material and morphology. The process takes into account the actual systems of assessment and local socioeconomic exposures. The methodology takes a proactive approach to future hazards and impacts considering their management in alpine habitats to support local administrations. The project develops transboundary assessment techniques and aids the adaptation of planning strategies in the context of Climate Change.
Keywords: Urban planning 1 | Transboundary governance 2 | Remote sensing analysis 3 | Climate change 4 | Adaptation strategies 5 | Alps monitoring 6
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Tweeting the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21): An analysis of a social network and factors determining the network influence
توییت کنفرانس تغییرات اقلیمی سازمان ملل متحد در پاریس (COP21): تحلیلی از یک شبکه اجتماعی و عوامل تعیین کننده تأثیر شبکه-2020
To understand the Twitter network of an environmental and political event and to extend the network theory of social capital, we first performed a network analysis of the English tweets during the first 10 days of the United Nations’ Conference of the Parties in Paris in 2015. Accounts for nonprofit and government agencies were more likely to be influential in the Twitter network and be retweeted, whereas individual accounts were more likely to retweet others. Based on a quota sample of 133 Twitter accounts and using both manual and machine coding, we further found that the number of followers (but not the size of following) and the common-goal frame (i.e., mitigation/adaptation) positively predicted an account’s influence in the Twitter network, whereas the conflict frame negatively predicted an account’s network influence
Keywords: Big data | Climate change | COP21 | Framing | Social capital | Social network analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
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