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ChickenNet - an end-to-end approach for plumage condition assessment of laying hens in commercial farms using computer vision
ChickenNet - یک رویکرد انتها به انتها برای ارزیابی وضعیت پرهای مرغ های تخمگذار در مزارع تجاری با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتر-2022 Regular plumage condition assessment in laying hens is essential to monitor the hens’ welfare status and to
detect the occurrence of feather pecking activities. However, in commercial farms this is a labor-intensive,
manual task. This study proposes a novel approach for automated plumage condition assessment using com-
puter vision and deep learning. It presents ChickenNet, an end-to-end convolutional neural network that detects
hens and simultaneously predicts a plumage condition score for each detected hen. To investigate the effect of
input image characteristics, the method was evaluated using images with and without depth information in
resolutions of 384 × 384, 512 × 512, 896 × 896 and 1216 × 1216 pixels. Further, to determine the impact of
subjective human annotations, plumage condition predictions were compared to manual assessments of one
observer and to matching annotations of two observers. Among all tested settings, performance metrics based on
matching manual annotations of two observers were equal or better than the ones based on annotations of a
single observer. The best result obtained among all tested configurations was a mean average precision (mAP) of
98.02% for hen detection while 91.83% of the plumage condition scores were predicted correctly. Moreover, it
was revealed that performance of hen detection and plumage condition assessment of ChickenNet was not
generally enhanced by depth information. Increasing image resolutions improved plumage assessment up to a
resolution of 896 × 896 pixels, while high detection accuracies (mAP > 0.96) could already be achieved using
lower resolutions. The results indicate that ChickenNet provides a sufficient basis for automated monitoring of
plumage conditions in commercial laying hen farms. keywords: طیور | ارزیابی پر و بال | بینایی کامپیوتر | یادگیری عمیق | تقسیم بندی نمونه | Poultry | Plumage assessment | Computer vision | Deep learning | Instance segmentation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Framing accounting for goodwill: Intractable controversies between users and standard setters
فریم کردن حسابداری برای حسن نیت: اختلافات قابل انعطاف بین کاربران و برنامه های استاندارد-2021 How to account for goodwill arising from business combinations has proven to be one the most
controversial topics for the standardisation, preparation, and audit of financial reports. Given its
contested nature, and recent debates about improper goodwill accounting by failing companies,
standard setters are currently reconsidering existing recognition, measurement, and disclosure
requirements. In this study, we explore the views of a relatively neglected group of stakeholders
in the financial reporting policy-making arena – financial statement users. We draw on empirical
evidence from interviews with financial analysts and from responses by analysts to IASB and
EFRAG consultations. We mobilise framing theory as used in public policy studies to analyse how
users make sense of goodwill accounting information as compared to standard setters. Our key
finding is the plurality of colliding frames between users and standard setters that remain
intractable. Our analysis reveals that users’ interest in management’s accountability on acquisi-
tions cannot fit easily into the financial reporting frame. Not only are claims by standard setters
about the value relevance of goodwill impairments found not to be experienced in practice, but
also we discover that users question the benefits of standard setters working in this area, while
they take recourse to ‘street numbers’ for their analysis. We interpret the intractability we
discover as putting into question public policy claims that accounting policies are developed with
a commitment to serve the public interest. keywords: IFRS | حسن نیت | آنالیز مالی | کادر بندی | IFRS | Goodwill | Financial analysis | Framing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Improvements in biometric health measures among individuals with intellectual disabilities: A controlled evaluation of the Fit 5 program
بهبود اقدامات سلامت بیومتریک در افراد دارای معلولیت فکری: ارزیابی کنترل شده از برنامه Fit 5-2021 Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have poorer health statuses compared to the general population. Actions are needed to address health disparities and promote healthy lifestyles among individuals with ID. Moreover, studies that consider program settings for this population are needed. Objective: The Special Olympics health program, Fit 5, was evaluated to assess effectiveness in improving health measures for individuals with ID. The settings of programs’ implementation were also considered. Methods: Four Special Olympics basketball teams participated as an intervention group, and three teams as a control group, in a study of the Fit 5 program that was implemented during, and as part of, a regular 8-week basketball season. Resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure, and height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), were measured before and after the program. Differences in pre- and post-measures were compared between the two groups with paired samples t-tests and ANCOVA. Results: Participants in the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p ¼ 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) and RHR (p ¼ 0.003). BMI increased for both groups; however, the increase in the intervention group was significantly less (p ¼ 0.006). The Special Olympics setting was considered familiar and supportive and effectively reached individuals with ID. Conclusion: The Fit 5 program positively impacts RHR and blood pressure, and could help reduce extents of BMI increases, in individuals with ID when implemented in a common setting. Further investigation of the impact of Fit 5 and similar programs in additional settings is warranted.© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Intellectual disability | Health promotion | Physical activity | Health risk factors | Program settings |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Use and non-use of accounting information: The case of controversial projects in public and non-profit settings
استفاده و عدم استفاده از اطلاعات حسابداری: مورد پروژه های بحث برانگیز در تنظیمات عمومی و غیر انتفاعی-2021 This paper investigates whether and how accounting information is used in debates and decision-
making processes about controversial projects in public sector and non-profit settings in the
Netherlands and Italy. The research is based on two case studies and relies on multiple methods of
qualitative data collection, including documents, interviews with key actors and media reports.
The research finds a more limited extent of accounting information use than expected given the
controversiality of the projects. It raises various types of explanations for this limited accounting
information use, especially that ruling groups of actors supporting the project do not give room to
the opposing minority for putting forward their concerns and preferences. The power position of
the ruling majority thus matters in mitigating opportunities for a dialogic use of accounting in-
formation leading to the decision-making about the projects. So, controversiality is a determining
factor, but insufficient as an explanation for the extent to which accounting information is used.
In addition, the type of accounting information use is depending on the actors’ appreciation of the
project. Advocates and opponents concerning both projects were in general inclined to an
ammunition type of accounting information use, whereas actors holding a neutral position used
available accounting information in a more rational way. keywords: استفاده از اطلاعات حسابداری | پروژه های بحث برانگیز | زمینه - بسته به اطلاعات حسابداری استفاده می شود | حسابداری گفتگو | Accounting information use | Controversial projects | Context-depending accounting information use | Dialogic accounting |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Emergency care providers perspectives of acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study
دیدگاه های ارائه دهندگان مراقبت های اورژانس ارزیابی درد و مدیریت درد حاد در محیط پیش دبستانی، در کیپ غربی، آفریقای جنوبی: یک مطالعه کیفی-2021 Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that pain knowledge and management are poor, perhaps more
so in the prehospital setting. The daily challenges that emergency care providers face in dealing with prehospital
pain remain unclear. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of acute prehospital pain assessment and
management in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Methods: A series of focus group discussions, using a constructivist paradigm and qualitative content analysis
were conducted.
Results: The key themes emerging from six focus groups (total 25 emergency care providers) related to the
difficulties of assessing pain in this setting, factors affecting clinical reasoning in this (hostile) setting, the re-
alities of prehospital pain care for non-advanced life support practitioners, along with emergency departments’
lack of understanding and appreciation of the prehospital environment, and participants’ suggestions to improve
pain practice.
Conclusion: Several barriers and enablers, some novel, to pain assessment and management in the South African
prehospital setting were identified. Our findings provide valuable insight and understanding of the challenges
related to pain care prehospital providers face, in other similar prehospital settings, but also to the global body of
knowledge on prehospital barriers and enablers of pain assessment and management. keywords: پیش بیمارستان | آمبولانس (مش) | خدمات اورژانس پزشکی (مش) | درد حاد (مش) | اندازه گیری درد (مش) | ضد درد (مش) | Prehospital | Ambulances (MeSH) | Emergency Medical Services (MeSH) | Acute pain (MeSH) | Pain Measurement (MeSH) | Analgesics (MeSH) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The Impact of Low Fidelity Simulation on Nurse Competence in Active Management of Third Stage of Labor: An Intervention Study in Primary Health Care Settings in Tanzania
تأثیر شبیه سازی وفاداری کم در شایستگی پرستاران در مدیریت فعال مرحله سوم کار: یک مطالعه مداخله در تنظیمات مراقبت های بهداشتی اولیه در تانزانیا-2021 Background: Simulation-based training on obstetric management has demonstrated promising results.
However, its impact has not been well documented particularly in low and middle income countries.
Therefore, this study aimed to test the effectiveness of a low fidelity simulation-based training intervention in improving knowledge and skills of nurses on Active management of third stage of labor
(AMTSL).
Methods: A quasi experimental study including 172 randomly selected nurses using low fidelity simulation-based training was conducted. Baseline, immediate and retention assessments were done. Findings: Overall knowledge and skills on AMTSL were significantly improved after simulation training, skills retained even after six months. Conclusions: A low fidelity simulation intervention showed positive change in knowledge and skills immediately after intervention and skills were highly retained even after six months of training. keywords: Active Management of Third Stage of Labor | Knowledge | Skills | Dodoma | Tanzania |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Knowledge in pre-hospital emergency and risk management among outdoor adventure practitioners in East Africa afro-alpine mountains
دانش در اورژانس قبل از بیمارستان و مدیریت ریسک در میان تمرینکنندگان ماجراجویی در فضای باز در کوه های آفریقای شرقی آفریقا-2021 Introduction: The enjoyment of nature and other benefits of outdoor activities happen amid inherent hazards. This
calls for knowledge and competency in emergency and risk management. Practitioners in outdoor activities, such
as mountaineering, thus need to be knowledgeable on how to manage risks and attend to emergencies in their
practice. The study sought to establish the preparedness of East African mountaineering practitioners in pre-
hospital emergency and risk management. It sought to establish their knowledge on prehospital emergency and
risk management, based on their age, gender, level of education and refresher training.
Methods: The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty six (N = 136) outdoor adventure practitioners
from the Afro-alpine mountain areas in East Africa. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant
relationship between the outdoor practitioners’ knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management and their
age, gender, level of education, refresher training. Somers’ d was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: It was established that the knowledge scores of prehospital emergency and risk management for the
mountaineering practitioners was low. It was also established that the knowledge scores of outdoor practitioners
were not dependent on their age, gender, and work experience. However, there was a significant relationship
between the outdoor adventure practitioners’ knowledge scores and their highest level of education as well as
refresher training.
Conclusions: The study concluded that there were gaps in the knowledge of prehospital risk management of the
East African Afro-alpine mountaineering practitioners. It recommends frequent and regular training and re-
certification among outdoor adventure practitioners in order to raise the knowledge in prehospital emergency
risk management.
African relevance
• Identifying prehospital emergency care knowledge by African out-
• Prehospital emergency care is not emphasized in the outdoor
• With inaccessible health care in African outdoors, there is need for
door practitioners can guide planning for training.
adventure practice in many African settings.
knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management. keywords: دانش | پیش بیمارستان | اضطراری | کوهنوردی | ماجرا | در فضای باز | Knowledge | Prehospital | Emergency | Mountaineering | Adventure | Outdoor |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Biometric recognition using wearable devices in real-life settings
تشخیص بیومتریک با استفاده از دستگاه های پوشیدنی در تنظیمات واقعی-2021 The popularity of wearable devices, such as smart glasses, chestbands, and wristbands, is nowadays
rapidly growing, thanks to the fact that they can be used to track physical activity and monitor users’
health. Recently, researchers have proposed to exploit their capability to collect physiological signals for
enabling automatic user recognition. Wearable devices inherently provide the means for detecting their
unauthorized usage, or for being used as front-end in biometric recognition systems controlling the access to either physical or virtual locations and services. The present work evaluates the feasibility of
performing biometric recognition using signals captured by wearable devices, considering data collected
through off-the-shelf commercial wristbands, and comparing recordings taken during two distinct sessions separated by an average time of 7 days. In more detail, recognition is performed leveraging on
electrodermal activity (EDA) and blood volume pulse (BVP), considering measurements taken from 17
subjects performing natural activities such as attending or teaching lectures. Several tests have been carried out to determine the most effective representation of the considered EDA and BVP signals, as well
as the most suitable classifier. The best recognition performance has been achieved exploiting convolutional neural networks to extract discriminative characteristics from the combined spectrograms of the
employed EDA and BVP data, guaranteeing average correct identification rate of 98.58% for test samples
lasting 30 seconds. Keywords: Wearable | Biometrics | Machine learning |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Technology-enabled knowledge management for community healthcare workers: The effects of knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding
مدیریت دانش دانش تکنولوژی برای کارکنان بهداشت و درمان جامعه: اثرات به اشتراک گذاری دانش و پنهان کردن دانش-2021 The objective of this study is to explore different facet (dark and bright sides) of technology-enabled knowledge
management (KM) for rural lay healthcare workers who belong to the bottom of pyramid (BoP) population in
India. Data were collected through multiple rounds of engagements and semi-structured interviews with 37
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). Findings indicate the existence of spirals of value that are shaped by
KM practices in such settings. Technology-enabled KM through knowledge-sharing is supporting an upward
spiral of value creation at three different levels, i.e., the micro-level in the form of empowerment of ASHAs, the
meso-level in the form of better healthcare for the rural Indian population, and the macro-level in the form of an
effective public health policy outcome as envisioned by the government. Contrary to the technology-enabled KM
through knowledge-sharing, technology-enabled KM through knowledge-hiding is eroding value resulting in
failed attempts to use technology and reduced self-efficacy of ASHAs at the micro level. Technology-enabled KM
through knowledge-hiding at the macro level is promoting stratification and marginalization within rural
communities in India. Study leaves key implications for healthcare researchers, policymakers and businesses. keywords: بهداشت روستایی | فعالان بهداشت اجتماعی | اقتصادهای نوظهور | تحقیق کیفی | پنهان کردن دانش | به اشتراک گذاری دانش | هندوستان | Rural healthcare | Social health activists | Emerging economies | Qualitative research | Knowledge-hiding | Knowledge-sharing | India |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Flowshop scheduling with sequence dependent setup times and batch delivery in supply chain
برنامه ریزی Flowshop با زمان تنظیمات وابسته به توالی و تحویل دسته ای در زنجیره تامین-2021 With the emergence of advanced manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technologies, there is a growing interest in coordinating the production and distribution in supply chain management. This paper addresses the production and distribution problems with sequence dependent setup time for multiple customers in flow shop environments. In this complex decision-making problem, an efficient scheduling approach is required to optimize the trade-off between the total cost of tardiness and batch delivery. To achieve this, three new metaheuristic algorithms such as Differential Evolution with different mutation strategy variation and a Moth Flame Optimization, and Levy-Flight Moth Flame Optimization algorithm are proposed and presented. In addition, a design-of- experiment method is used to identify the best possible parameters for the proposed approaches for the problem under study. The proposed algorithms are validated on a set of problem instances. The variants of differential evolution performed better than the other compared algorithms and this demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The algorithms are also validated using an industrial case study. Keywords: Flow shop scheduling | Supply chain | Differential evolution | Moth flame optimization |Levy-flight moth flame optimization |
مقاله انگلیسی |