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1 |
Understanding the effect of surfactants on two-phase flow using computer vision
درک اثر سورفکتانت ها بر جریان دو فازی با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتر-2022 The effect of surfactants on vertical gas-liquid flow is experimentally investigated in a 12.7 mm diameter
tube at conditions relevant to an ammonia-water bubble absorber. The characteristics of two-phase flow
are studied using an air-water mixture, both with and without the addition of 1-octanol as the surfac-
tant. High-speed videography is used to study the flow patterns and quantify interfacial areas and bubble
velocities. Novel computer vision-based methods are used to analyze and quantify these flow parame-
ters. The addition of 1-octanol results in enhancement in interfacial area due to the prevention of bubble
coalescence leading to many small diameter bubbles. Measured values of interfacial area are compared
with predictions from correlations in the literature, and agreement and differences are interpreted and
discussed. The bubble velocity is measured by object tracking using the optical flow method. Surfactants
lead to a decrease in bubble velocity and increase in the residence time. These are surmised to be due
to the shear stresses caused by the non-uniform concentration distribution of surfactant along the bub-
ble surface. Overall, the addition of surfactants can lead to appreciable enhancement in heat and mass
transfer rates due to their effect on interfacial areas and residence times. keywords: سورفکتانت ها | جریان دو فازی | ناحیه رابط | سرعت | تقویت | تجسم جریان | Surfactants | Two-phase flow | Interfacial area | Velocity | Enhancement | Flow visualization |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Face mask recogniser using image processing and computer vision approach
تشخیص ماسک صورت با استفاده از پردازش تصویر و رویکرد بینایی کامپیوتری-2022 The world saw a health crisis with the onset of the COVID-19 virus outbreak. The mask has been identified as
the most efficient way to prevent the spread of virus [1]. This has driven the necessity for a face mask recogniser
that not only detects the presence of a mask but also gives the accuracy to which a person is wearing the face
mask. Also, the face mask should be recognised in all angles as well. The goal of this study is to create a new
and improved real time face mask recogniser using image processing and computer vision approach. A Kaggle
dataset which consisted of images with and without masks was used. For the purpose of this study a pre-trained
convolutional neural network Mobile Net V2 was used. The performance of the given model was assessed. The
model presented in this paper can detect the face mask with 98% precision. This Face mask recogniser can effi-
ciently detect the face mask in side wise direction which makes it more useful. A comparison of the performance
metrics of the existing algorithms is also presented. Now with the spread of the infectious variant OMICRON, it
is necessary to implement such a robust face mask recogniser which can help control the spread. keywords: Computer Vision | Convolutional Neural Network | Face mask detection | Image processing | Kaggle dataset | Keras | MobileNetV2 | Open CV | Tensor-Flow |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Accounting for spatial autocorrelation is needed to avoid misidentifying trade-offs and bundles among ecosystem services
حسابداری برای خودهمبستگی فضایی مورد نیاز برای جلوگیری از شناسایی نادرست مبادلات و بستهها در میان خدمات اکوسیستم-2021 The identification of relationships between multiple ecosystem services (ES) (i.e. trade-offs, synergies and
bundles) is essential for ES management. However, the identification of ES relationships may be susceptible to
spatial autocorrelation — a statistical bias due to ES observations being related to each other across space. Spatial
autocorrelation remains largely overlooked in the literature on ES relationships and its implications are not clear.
Here we assess the implication of not accounting for spatial autocorrelation when determining ES relationships
using four ES found in the city-state of Singapore. We quantify the ES relationships using some of the most
common methods of determining relationships between ES: correlation, regression and principal component
analysis. We then compare each method with the corresponding method that accounts for spatial autocorrela-
tion. We found that accounting for spatial autocorrelation resulted in less statistically significant ES relationships,
especially at finer resolutions, in correlations (33.3% less significant relationships) and regressions (50% less
relationships). Depending on the spatial resolution, different ES were bundled when accounting for spatial
autocorrelation when using principal component analysis. Our results suggest that not accounting for spatial
autocorrelation in ES relationship studies is likely to result in the misidentification of ES trade-off, synergies and
bundles. We thus recommend that future ES relationship studies consider the effects of spatial autocorrelation in
their analyses. keywords: نرم افزار خدمات اکوسیستم | تجزیه فضایی | تجارت | همکاری | مشارکت طبیعت به مردم | مزایای طبیعت | Ecosystem services bundles | Spatial analysis | Trade-offs | Synergies | Nature’s contributions to people | Nature’s benefits |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Cybersecurity knowledge and skills for port facility security officers of international seaports_ Perspectives of IT and security personnel
دانش و مهارت های امنیتی سایبری برای افسران امنیتی تأسیسات پورت از دریاها بین المللی، دیدگاه های IT و پرسنل امنیتی-2021 Cyberattacks on worldwide port facilities have highlighted the urgent need for port facility security officers
(PFSOs) to upgrade their cybersecurity knowledge and skills. This study used the survey data from all
international container ports in Thailand and analyzed the results from two perspectives, i.e., IT and security
officers. Based on 73 responses, cybersecurity knowledge and skill would become essential for PFSOs than
ever before because the port digitalization and automation would shape the PFSOs career to a technically-
oriented specialist rather than a multi-skilled generalist. Furthermore, the responsibilities of PFSOs would
extend to cover cyber risk management, which enables them to prevent the digital port facilities from
emerging cyber threats. Therefore, they should learn how to incorporate the existing risk management
process with cyber risk management and cybersecurity knowledge because these would be the foundation
for PFSOs to practice cybersecurity skills. At the end of the learning process, PFSOs could also gain cyber-
security competence once they have mature knowledge and skill, which would be the vital element of port
security hygiene.
© 2021 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Association of
Shipping and Logistics, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0 keywords: دانش سایبری | مهارت های سایبری | افسران امنیتی تسهیلات پورت | بنادر کانتینر بین المللی | Cybersecurity knowledge | Cybersecurity skills | Port facility security officers | International container ports |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Dynamic resilience for biological wastewater treatment processes: Interpreting data for process management and the potential for knowledge discovery
انعطاف پذیری پویا برای فرآیندهای تصفیه بیولوژیکی فاضلاب: تفسیر داده ها برای مدیریت فرآیند و پتانسیل برای کشف دانش-2021 Climate change, population growth and increasing regulation are causing wastewater treatment plants to become
increasingly stressed, especially in countries like the UK, where many of these systems date back to the early part
of the 20th century. Understanding resilience dynamics for these ageing wastewater assets represents a funda-
mental step in classifying multi-dimensional water stressors toward preventing severe pollution incidents. This
paper explores the potential of a novel dynamic resilience approach to assess and predict the dynamic resilience
of biological wastewater treatment based on the separation of stressor events (cause) and process stress (effect) to
consider the deviation from reference conditions. The approach presented provides a fundamental link between
(1) conventional activated sludge modelling methodologies, (2) actual biological wastewater process instrument
data (potential for knowledge discovery) and (3) the characterisation of dynamic resilience in wastewater
treatment processes. Results first present the dynamic resilience approach by modelling simulated shock flow
conditions on an activated sludge plant, then incorporates ten years of wastewater process instrument data to
demonstrate the actual dynamic resilience. The aim is to represent the “dynamic resilience” as self-ordering
windows, a visual knowledge base (three dimensional, heat map), which operational staff can easily interpret.
The outcomes presented suggest that such an approach is feasible and has the potential for real-time identifi-
cation of conditions that result in pollution incidents based on actual historical process instrument data
(knowledge discovery). Also, the methods presented could be extended to develop an improved understanding of
wastewater system resilience under a range of future stressor scenarios. keywords: انعطاف پذیری پویا | مدل سازی تاثیر فرآیند | استرس فرایند | مدل سازی پویا | مدل سازی فاضلاب | Dynamic resilience | Process impact modelling | Process stress | Dynamic modelling | Wastewater modelling |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Caloric restriction prevents alveolar bone loss in the experimental periodontitis in obese rats
محدودیت کالری جلوگیری از تحلیل استخوان آلوئولار در پریودنتیت آزمایشی در موشهای چاق-2021 Aims: It has been shown that periodontitis, can be modified by systemic changes, including behavioral factors, such as diet. Caloric restriction is one of the dietary therapeutic strategies indicated for obesity. It is associated with several benefits, among them, modulation of the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to verify whether caloric restriction in obese rats changes the progression of experimental ligature-induced periodontitis. Materials and methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used for 24 weeks and initially fed with cafeteria diet during 12 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups according to the caloric restriction and experimental periodontitis. The cotton thread was placed around the mandibular first molars, for 15 days, before the end of the experiment. Rats submitted to caloric restriction received, from the 13th week of the experimental protocol, 70% of the food intake compared to the ad libitum animals of other study of the our research group. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using macroscopic morphometric analysis. Analyzes of clinical periodontal measures, biometrics, serum biomarkers and biochemical parameters were performed. Key findings: Caloric restriction decreased the alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis group when compared to the group that received a cafeteria diet with periodontitis. Moreover, the results demonstrate the improvement in the glycemic profile, without prejudice to bone tissue biomarkers. Significance: Based on the results, caloric restriction reduces the progression of alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis, in addition to presenting benefits in biometric data, decreasing both glycemic profile and clinical periodontal measures. Keywords: Obesity | Caloric restriction | Periodontitis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Developing a conceptual influence diagram for socio-eco-technical systems analysis of biofouling management in shipping – A Baltic Sea case study
توسعه یک نمودار تأثیر مفهومی برای تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم های اجتماعی-اقتصادی-فنی مدیریت رسوب زیستی در کشتیرانی - مطالعه موردی دریای بالتیک-2021 Ship hulls create a vector for the transportation of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) all over the world. To
sustainably prevent NIS introductions, the joint consideration of environmental, economic and social aspects in
the search of optimal biofouling management strategies is needed. This article presents a multi-perspective soft
systems analysis of the biofouling management problem, based on an extensive literature review and expert
knowledge collected in the Baltic Sea area during 2018–2020. The resulting conceptual influence diagram (CID)
reveals the multidimensionality of the problem by visualizing the causal relations between the key elements and
demonstrating the entanglement of social, ecological and technical aspects. Seen as a boundary object, we
suggest the CID can support open dialogue and better risk communication among stakeholders by providing an
illustrative and directly applicable starting point for the discussions. It also provides a basis for quantitative
management optimization in the future.
keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم ها | مدیریت ریسک | نمودار را تحت تاثیر قرار دهید | گونه های بیگانه | مدیریت زیستی | دریای بالتیک | Systems analysis | Risk management | Influence diagram | Alien species | Biofouling management | Baltic Sea |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Knowledge, beliefs and management of childhood fever among nurses and other health professionals: A cross-sectional survey
دانش، باورها و مدیریت تب دوران کودکی در پرستاران و سایر متخصصان بهداشت و درمان: یک مرور مقطعی-2021 Background: Fever phobia, the unfounded fear regarding the potential harms of fever in children, has been
internationally documented among parents. This fear causes anxiety in parents and health professionals are
regularly consulted for advice.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, beliefs and recommended treatments among
Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians in the management of febrile children.
Design, setting and participants: This was an online cross-sectional survey of Australian nurses, pharmacists,
general practitioners and paediatricians designed to evaluate the knowledge and preferred recommendations in
the management of febrile children.
Methods: The health professionals were recruited via Facebook. Demographic information, knowledge, beliefs
and preferred treatments were collected through the online survey, and responses were compared across
professions.
Results: Of the 839 health professionals who completed the survey, 52.0% correctly identified a fever as 38 ◦C or
above. Overall, 23.6% underestimated the temperature that constitutes a fever. Respondents reported concerns
leaving fever untreated in children, with dehydration (65.1%), seizures (65.2%), serious illness (34.4%) and
brain damage (29.9%) the most common concerns. Pharmacists were more likely to hold these concerns. The
beliefs that reducing a child’s fever with medication will reduce the risk of harm (34.7%) and prevent febrile
convulsions (51.1%) were prevalent among respondents. These beliefs were more common among pharmacists.
Pharmacists were also more likely to recommend parents monitor a child’s temperature (48.5%) and give
medication to reduce fever (64.6%).
Conclusions: Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians reported many mis-
conceptions surrounding the definition of fever, the potential harms of fever and its management, which may
perpetuate parental fears. These misconceptions were most common among pharmacists. Continuing profes-
sional development is essential to ease unfounded concerns and ensure the safe and judicious care of febrile
children. keywords: تب | کودک | پرستاران | داروسازان | پزشکان عمومی | مرورها و پرسشنامه ها | Fever | Child | Nurses | Pharmacists | General practitioners | Paediatricans | Surveys and questionnaires |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
The US current account, sustainability, and the international monetary system
حساب جاری ایالات متحده، پایداری و سیستم پولی بین المللی-2021 In this paper, we examine the sources of the US current account imbalances and discuss the role of
the international monetary system in enabling the US in carrying such external deficits. There is
evidence that the stochastic properties of the US current account are not compatible with the
intertemporal national budget constraint. We argue that this is likely to be related to the dominant role of the U.S. dollar as an international reserve asset, which allows the US to meet international demand for safe assets and allows borrowing at very low interest rates. Results from a
structural VAR model indicate that temporary shocks dominate the current account in the short
run, whereas domestic permanent supply shocks and preference shocks contribute significantly to
US current account movements in the long run. To the extent that temporary shocks stem from
aggregate demand, stabilizing aggregate demand is important in achieving long-term sustainability in the current account. Finally, the paper discusses the role of the international financial
system and the international role of the U.S. dollar in contributing to US external imbalances.
keywords: تنظیم بین المللی | سیستم پولی بین المللی | ذخیره ارز | تعادل تجارت ایالات متحده | International adjustment | International monetary system | Reserve currency | US trade balance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
A composite learning method for multi-ship collision avoidance based on reinforcement learning and inverse control
یک روش یادگیری ترکیبی برای جلوگیری از برخورد چند حرکتی مبتنی بر یادگیری تقویتی و کنترل معکوس-2020 Model-free reinforcement learning methods have potentials in ship collision avoidance under unknown
environments. To defect the low efficiency problem of the model-free reinforcement learning, a composite
learning method is proposed based on an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) algorithm, a long
short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and Q-learning. The proposed method uses Q-learning for
adaptive decisions between a LSTM inverse model-based controller and the model-free A3C policy.
Multi-ship collision avoidance simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model-free
A3C method, the proposed inverse model-based method and the composite learning method. The simulation
results indicate that the proposed composite learning based ship collision avoidance method outperforms
the A3C learning method and a traditional optimization-based method Keywords: Ship collision avoidance | Asynchronous advantage actor-critic | Long short-term memory neural network | Inverse control |
مقاله انگلیسی |