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نتیجه جستجو - جمعیت

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 212
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 iRestroom : A smart restroom cyberinfrastructure for elderly people
iRestroom: زیرساخت سایبری سرویس بهداشتی هوشمند برای افراد مسن-2022
According to a report by UN and WHO, by 2030 the number of senior people (age over 65) is projected to grow up to 1.4 billion, and which is nearly 16.5% of the global population. Seniors who live alone must have their health state closely monitored to avoid unexpected events (such as a fall). This study explains the underlying principles, methodology, and research that went into developing the concept, as well as the need for and scopes of a restroom cyberinfrastructure system, that we call as iRestroom to assess the frailty of elderly people for them to live a comfortable, independent, and secure life at home. The proposed restroom idea is based on the required situations, which are determined by user study, socio-cultural and technological trends, and user requirements. The iRestroom is designed as a multi-sensory place with interconnected devices where carriers of older persons can access interactive material and services throughout their everyday activities. The prototype is then tested at Texas A&M University-Kingsville. A Nave Bayes classifier is utilized to anticipate the locations of the sensors, which serves to provide a constantly updated reference for the data originating from numerous sensors and devices installed in different locations throughout the restroom. A small sample of pilot data was obtained, as well as pertinent web data. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) has approved all the methods.
keywords: اینترنت اشیا | حسگرها | نگهداری از سالمندان | سیستم های هوشمند | یادگیری ماشین | IoT | Sensors | Elder Care | Smart Systems | Machine Learning
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Is the Internet of Things a helpful employee? An exploratory study of discourses of Canadian farmers
آیا اینترنت اشیا یک کارمند مفید است؟ بررسی اکتشافی گفتمان های کشاورزان کانادایی-2022
The increasing global population and the growing demand for high-quality products have called for the modernization of agriculture. “Internet of Things” is one of the technologies that is pre- dicted to offer many solutions. We conducted a discourse analysis of 19 interviews with farmers in Ontario, Canada, asking them to describe their experience of working with IoT and related technologies. One main discourse with two opposing tendencies was identified: farmers recognize their relationship with IoT and related technology and view technology as a kind of “employee”, but some tend to emphasize (1) an optimistic view which is discourse of technology is a “Helpful Employee”; while others tend to emphasize (2) a pessimistic view which is a discourse of tech- nology is an “Untrustworthy Employee”. We examine these tendencies in the light of the literature on organizational behavior and identify potential outcomes of these beliefs. The results suggest that a farmer’s style of approaching technology can be assessed on a similar scale as managers’ view of their employees and provide a framework for further research.
keywords: فناوری اینترنت اشیا | کشاورزی | تحلیل گفتمان | سبک استفاده از تکنولوژی | Internet of things technology | Agriculture | Discourse analysis | Style of use of technology
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Plant leaf disease detection using computer vision and machine learning algorithms
تشخیص بیماری برگ گیاه با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتری و الگوریتم های یادگیری ماشین-2022
Agriculture provides food to all the human beings even in case of rapid increase in the population. It is recom- mended to predict the plant diseases at their early stage in the field of agriculture is essential to cater the food to the overall population. But it unfortunate to predict the diseases at the early stage of the crops. The idea behind the paper is to bring awareness amongst the farmers about the cutting-edge technologies to reduces diseases in plant leaf. Since tomato is merely available vegetable, the approaches of machine learning and image processing with an accurate algorithm is identified to detect the leaf diseases in the tomato plant. In this investigation, the samples of tomato leaves having disorders are considered. With these disorder samples of tomato leaves, the farm- ers will easily find the diseases based on the early symptoms. Firstly, the samples of tomato leaves are resized to 256 × 256 pixels and then Histogram Equalization is used to improve the quality of tomato samples. The K-means clustering is introduced for partitioning of dataspace into Voronoi cells. The boundary of leaf samples is extracted using contour tracing. The multiple descriptors viz., Discrete Wavelet Transform, Principal Component Analysis and Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix are used to extract the informative features of the leaf samples. Finally, the extracted features are classified using machine learning approaches such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). The accuracy of the proposed model is tested using SVM (88%), K-NN (97%) and CNN (99.6%) on tomato disordered samples.
keywords: شبکه های عصبی کانولوشنال | تبدیل موجک گسسته | تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه های اصلی | نزدیکترین همسایه | بیماری برگ | Convolutional Neural Networks | Discrete Wavelet Transform | Principal Component Analysis | Nearest Neighbor | Leaf disease
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Accounts of NGO performance as calculative spaces: Wild Animals, wildlife restoration and strategic agency
حساب های عملکرد سازمان های غیر دولتی به عنوان فضاهای محاسباتی: حیوانات وحشی، ترمیم حیات وحش و آژانس استراتژیک-2021
Whereas corporations typically share a common primary objective of generating profits for their owners, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) principally pursue a panoply of various social and/or ecological objectives. Accordingly, an NGO’s performance in pursuit of its objectives can rarely be accounted for in straightforwardly comparable quantitative terms. How then can an NGO instead construct qualitative accounts of its performance that show how it makes a differ- ence in pursuit of its objectives? This paper examines qualitative accounts of performance against an objective to restore wildlife, which are included in the annual reports of a large conservation NGO. These accounts are conceptualised as being calculative spaces, configured by framing work being done within these accounts. Analysis of this framing work finds that these accounts identify a performance object (i.e. specific wild animal populations), establish relations that seemingly affect this performance object (i.e. threats to wild animal populations and actions to conserve these populations), and attribute the NGO with agency to make a difference to this performance object (i.e. as a strategic actor directing and co-ordinating wildlife restoration). Thus, this paper demonstrates that seeing quantitative and qualitative accounts of organisational performance in the same conceptual terms creates conditions of possibility for developing a fuller understanding of an organisation’s calculations of its own capacity to act upon society.
keywords: سازمان غیر دولتی | مسئوليت | کادر بندی | محاسبات | گفتمان | حفاظت | NGO | Accountability | Framing | Calculation | Discourse | Conservation
مقاله انگلیسی
5 A Knowledge Map for ICT Integration in the Silver Economy
نقشه دانش برای ادغام ICT در اقتصاد نقره ای-2021
In the European Union, the silver economy is focused on developing strategies to facilitate the elderly population, mainly in terms of creating services based on innovations and technology. The paper encompasses a detailed overview of the silver economy in Estonia and the introduction of ICT solutions for the elderly population through knowledge management techniques. A knowledge map has been created using the Ontology model in Protégé to demonstrate the key knowledge resources for ICT integration in the silver economy. The results and information displayed in the knowledge map have been gathered from two detailed workshops which were further validated through questionnaires and interviews from the professionals in the field. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different knowledge resources and competencies relevant to the integration of ICT in the silver economy which will serve as a basis for the development of a knowledge management model in the future.
keywords: Smart Specialization Strategy | ICT | Silver Economy | Knowledge Map | Ontology | Digital Competency
مقاله انگلیسی
6 شیوع، همبستگی‌های اجتماعی-جمعیتی و دانشگاهی اختلال وسواسی جبری در دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی کاربردی دانشگاه ام القرا
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21
مقدمه: مطالعاتی که شیوع وسواس جبری را در منطقه عربستان سعودی نشان می‌دهد بسیار اندک است و بیشتر در نمونه جمعیتی دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد شیوع علائم وسواس اجباری در یک نمونه جامعه دانشجویان علوم پزشکی کاربردی بود. علاوه بر این، ارتباط بین علائم وسواسی جبری و متغیرهای اجتماعی-جمعیتی و چندین جنبه از زندگی دانشگاهی بررسی شد.
روشها: در این مطالعه مقطعی 404 دانشجوی دانشگاه متعلق به چهار بخش به کار گرفته شدند. ابزارهایی که در این مطالعه استفاده شد، شامل معیارهای ارزیابی وسواس جبری (OCI - R) ، DSM - IV برای تشخیص مقیاس درجه بندی شدت OCD و Y - BOCS بود. نتیجه اصلی اختلال وسواس جبری احتمالی است (امتیاز OCI - R> 21). دانشجویان با نمره بیشتر از 21 بیشتر از نظر وجود اختلال وسواس جبری با استفاده از معیارهای DSM - IV و Y - BOCS ارزیابی شدند.
یافته ها: شیوع OCS با ابزار غربالگری OCI-R 20% بود [95% CI(19.902-20.098)]. شیوع واقعی OCD تأیید شده 5.06٪ بود [95% CI(4.39-6.12)]. وجود OCD احتمالی در دانشجویان گروه آزمایشگاه پزشکی بسیار زیاد بود [002/0 = p و95% CI(31.3-3.33) [. ارتباط مهمی بین حضور OCS و عدم رضایت از انتخاب دوره [001/0 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.38 - 3.92)] ، احساس طرد شدن [0.004 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.39 - 5.88]) و علائم افسردگی [0001/0 = p و CI (8/1 - 89/1)] وجود داشت. نمونه ما به زنان در سن دانشگاه محدود بود، بنابراین تفسیر شیوع قابل تعمیم نیست.
نتیجه گیری: وجود چنین اختلالی احتمالاً بر عملکرد تحصیلی ، کیفیت زندگی و روابط بین فردی تأثیر می گذارد ، شناسایی و درمان در زمان مناسب به بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی و کیفیت زندگی کمک می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: وسواس جبری | علائم وسواسی جبری | دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی | اختلال روانی
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 Seasonal variation in biometric parameters in a population of the endangered blue land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi): Indicators for assessment and management
تغییرات فصلی در پارامترهای بیومتریک در جمعیت خرچنگ آبی در خطر انقراض (Cardisoma guanhumi): شاخص های ارزیابی و مدیریت-2021
Cardisoma guanhumi is a land decapod crustacean distributed along the eastern Atlantic. Currently, this species is included in the Brazilian list of aquatic species overexploited or threatened with overexploitation. This study performed biometric analysis and assessed reproductive dynamics of the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi in Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve, a coastal marine protected area in northeast Brazil. From January 2019 to December 2020, biometric data were evaluated from 539 captured individuals by an artisanal trap. In addition, male gonads and hepatopancreas were removed and fixed in formalin solution to analyse morphological reproductive indicators by gonadal (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) index calculation. In summary, the population of blue land crab showed 322 males and 217 females. We observed a difference in variation of mean seasonal carapace width (54.73– 56.67 mm). The condition factor ranged from 0.97 to 1.07, showing significant differences between the years and the seasons with high values observed in the dry season in 2019 and 2020. The weight– length relationships showed negative allometric growth for males (b = 2.586, a = 0.010) and females (b = 2.229, a = 0.291). The monthly distribution of the hepatosomatic (HSI) index did not show a clear annual pattern, but GSI differed between the months, indicating two seasonal groupings of Jan–Feb and May–August–Nov. The reproductive indicators of C. guanhumi evaluated here may indicate that the environmental influence and fishing pressure are the main factors that drive its reproductive seasons. Thus, it is noteworthy to indicate conservation efforts from January to April, when should be considered the breeding season for the species. In addition, long-term monitoring in the Extractive Reserve Acaú- Goiana must be considered for studies of population structure and gene flow of Cardisoma guanhumi, prioritizing the preservation of their habitats.
Keywords: Crab harvesters | Condition factor | Growth | Reproduction | Gecarcinidae
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Who participated in the GameStop frenzy? Evidence from brokerage accounts
چه کسی در دیوانگی Gamestop شرکت کرد؟شواهدی از حساب های کارگزاری-2021
In January 2021, the GameStop stock was the epicenter of the first case of predatory trading initiated by retail investors. We use brokerage accounts to study who participated in this GameStop frenzy and how they performed. We investigate the extent to which investors’ personal and trading characteristics differ from the general population of retail investors. GameStop traders had a history of investing in speculative instruments, including stocks with lottery-like features. They were also more likely to close their positions before the peak of the bubble. At the onset of the frenzy, numerous retail investors also shorted GameStop. Overall, our results indicate that the GameStop frenzy was not a pure digital protest against Wall Street but specu- lative trading by a group of retail investors, in line with their prior high-risk trading behavior.
keywords: تجارت شکارچی | سرمایه گذاران خرده فروشی | رفتار تجاری | Predatory trading | Retail investors | Trading behavior
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Dynamic resilience for biological wastewater treatment processes: Interpreting data for process management and the potential for knowledge discovery
انعطاف پذیری پویا برای فرآیندهای تصفیه بیولوژیکی فاضلاب: تفسیر داده ها برای مدیریت فرآیند و پتانسیل برای کشف دانش-2021
Climate change, population growth and increasing regulation are causing wastewater treatment plants to become increasingly stressed, especially in countries like the UK, where many of these systems date back to the early part of the 20th century. Understanding resilience dynamics for these ageing wastewater assets represents a funda- mental step in classifying multi-dimensional water stressors toward preventing severe pollution incidents. This paper explores the potential of a novel dynamic resilience approach to assess and predict the dynamic resilience of biological wastewater treatment based on the separation of stressor events (cause) and process stress (effect) to consider the deviation from reference conditions. The approach presented provides a fundamental link between (1) conventional activated sludge modelling methodologies, (2) actual biological wastewater process instrument data (potential for knowledge discovery) and (3) the characterisation of dynamic resilience in wastewater treatment processes. Results first present the dynamic resilience approach by modelling simulated shock flow conditions on an activated sludge plant, then incorporates ten years of wastewater process instrument data to demonstrate the actual dynamic resilience. The aim is to represent the “dynamic resilience” as self-ordering windows, a visual knowledge base (three dimensional, heat map), which operational staff can easily interpret. The outcomes presented suggest that such an approach is feasible and has the potential for real-time identifi- cation of conditions that result in pollution incidents based on actual historical process instrument data (knowledge discovery). Also, the methods presented could be extended to develop an improved understanding of wastewater system resilience under a range of future stressor scenarios.
keywords: انعطاف پذیری پویا | مدل سازی تاثیر فرآیند | استرس فرایند | مدل سازی پویا | مدل سازی فاضلاب | Dynamic resilience | Process impact modelling | Process stress | Dynamic modelling | Wastewater modelling
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The effects of population aging on South Korea’s economy: The National Transfer Accounts approach
اثرات پیری جمعیت بر اقتصاد کره جنوبی: رویکرد حساب‌های انتقال ملی-2021
This study examines how two factors of population aging, changes in fertility and mortality, will respectively affect South Korea’s economic future. The economic effects of population aging are examined by considering the population in each age group under alternative demographic scenarios. Utilizing recent population projections and South Korea’s National Transfer Accounts, the paper applies a simple decomposition model measuring the respective effects of fertility and mortality on separate aspects of the economy: labor income, private and public consumption, and public and private transfers. The results show that the effects of low fertility and low mortality on the economy are very different in direction, magnitude, timing, and impact by age group. The only effect of an aging population that is the same in all circumstances is the effect on the public pension system: low fertility and mortality will increase pressure on the public pension system of South Korea.
keywords: پیری جمعیت | باروری کم | حساب های ملی انتقال | بحران پیری کره جنوبی | اقتصاد نسل | Population aging | Low fertility | National Transfer Accounts | South Korea’s aging crisis | Generational economy
مقاله انگلیسی
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