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نتیجه جستجو - جنگ مواد مخدر

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Drug prohibition and the criminalization of immigrants: The compounding of drug war disparities in the United States deportation regime
منع مصرف مواد مخدر و جرم انگاری مهاجران: تشدید اختلافات جنگ مواد مخدر در رژیم اخراج ایالات متحده-2020
Background: While recent years have seen moderate progress toward more humanistic drug policy in the United States, the well-documented disproportionate incarceration of Black and Latino Americans continues largely unabated, and non-citizens are still frequently detained and deported based on drug-related crimes and violations. These processes draw from a long history of targeted drug enforcement that has served to scapegoat, punish, and exclude immigrants and native-born racial minorities, culminating in a modern War on Drugs intimately intertwined with processes of immigration and deportation. Drawing on the concept of “crimmigration”— which captures how the intertwining of criminal and immigration policy and enforcement enhances the punitive and exclusionary potential of both systems—this article examines the enduring effects of drug prohibition in the contemporary U.S. immigration and deportation regime. Methods: Primary data is drawn from my qualitative research on criminal deportation—including a year of ethnographic observation of removal proceedings in New York City immigration court, as well as 39 interviews with immigration lawyers, criminal lawyers, and advocates. These are supplemented by a review of relevant policy, as well as existing research on drug-crime-based deportation. Results: I argue that drug-related deportation from the United States is a key example of a “crimmigration” connection bolstered by the ongoing societal scapegoating of immigrants for the social problems of drugs and crime. Drug-related deportation, and the immigration court policies and processes that surround it, serve to reproduce and intensify racial and ethnic inequalities inherent to the domestic War on Drugs, while also sending uniquely vulnerable migrants to countries rife with violence attributable to the international apparatuses of that same War. Conclusion: Findings suggest a need for concurrent reforms to drug and immigration policy in order to truly mitigate the drastic impacts of the enduring U.S. War on Drugs.
Keywords: Drug prohibition | War on drugs | Crimmigration | Deportation | Inequality
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The Philippines’ anti drug campaign: Spatial and temporal patterns of killings linked to drugs
مبارزه با مواد مخدر فیلیپین: الگوهای مکانی و زمانی قتل های مرتبط با مواد مخدر-2019
Background: As soon as President Rodrigo Duterte assumed office in 2016, the Philippine government launched a nationwide antidrug campaign based on enforcement-led anti-illegal drugs policies primarily implemented by the national police. This was followed by a spate of killings resulting from both acknowledged police operations and by unidentified assailants. This study assembles a victim-level dataset of drug-related killings covered by the media during the Philippine government’s antidrug campaign, and presents a spatial and temporal analysis of the killings. Methods: The dataset covers information on 5021 people killed from May 10, 2016 to September 29, 2017. Data collected systematically through online search procedures and existing listings of media organizations detailing information about incidences of drug-related police operations and drug-related killings in vigilante-style manner reveal patterns for who were being killed, where, and how. Results: Over half of the killings were due to acknowledged police operations, and the rest were targeted in socalled vigilante-style killings. The first three months after Mr. Duterte was sworn in were the deadliest months. Those who were killed were mostly low-level drug suspects. The analysis of temporal pattern reveals the scale of killings in the country, with rapid escalation starting in July 2016 and lasting throughout the rest of that year. Observable declines occurred during periods when the drug war was suspended and operations were moved to a non-police enforcement unit and rose again when police were brought back into operations. The spatial analysis indicates a large concentration of deaths in the National Capital Region (40%) compared to the rest of the country with wide variations across cities and regions. Conclusions: Overall, the Philippine drug war exhibits similarities with violent wars on drugs waged in other countries such as Thailand, with heavily police-led interventions leading to fatalities in the thousands over a span of under two years. Findings of this study point to important policy adjustments that need to be made, including the role that local governments play in drug policy implementation, the disproportionate negative impacts of enforcement-led policies against drugs on urban and poor areas, the targeting of low-level suspected drug dealers and users, and the importance of proper data monitoring and transparency by the government to inform policy adjustments in the face of high costs to human life. We also discuss the importance of independent monitoring systems when the government reports conflicting information.
Keywords: Drug war | Antidrug campaign | Killings | Philippines | Dataset
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