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Genera and species vs: laws of nature two epistemic frameworks and their respective ideal worlds
جنس و گونه ها در مقابل قوانین طبیعت ، دو چارچوب معرفتی و جهان های ایده آل آنها-2020 This paper seeks to exhibit and explain, by way of comparison, two ideal kinds of knowledge: knowledge based
on classifications according to genera and species, as in Aristotelianism and common sense, and scientific
knowledge based on the application of laws of nature. I will proceed by attempting (1) to determine the role that
presuppositions play in knowledge in general by means of the distinction between content and form; (2) to
describe and explain the main features of both ideal forms of knowledge; and, finally, (3) to analyze the relation
between these two forms of knowledge as it is presented in Eddington’s celebrated discussion of the “two tables”.
I will be critical of the widespread view that modern science is the correct form of knowledge, and that common
sense is merely an illusion. Keywords: Aristotelian science | Modern science | Common sense | Substance | Function |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Psychology between science and common sense: William James and the problems of psychological language in the Principles
روان شناسی بین علم و عقل سلیم : ویلیام جیمز و مشکلات زبان روان شناسی در اصول -2017 The suspicion that language can become an obstacle to human knowledge is not new in the Western
intellectual tradition. Following the empiricist legacy, many authors have suggested the perils and pitfalls
of common sense language for science. Applied to psychology, this leads to the issue of the reliability of
psychological language for scientific psychology. William James, in his Principles of Psychology, was one of
the first psychologists to address this problem explicitly. The goal of this paper is to situate his position
and contrast it with contemporary debates over the status of folk psychology. The results indicate that
James conceived of common sense psychology in a very complex manner, and pointed to a kind of
illusion that remains ignored in the current literature, with negative consequences for psychology. I
conclude by suggesting the relevance of James for contemporary debates in theoretical and philosophical
psychology.
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مقاله انگلیسی |