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یک مدل ریاضی چند منظوره برای زنجیره تامین داروسازی با توجه به تراکم دارو در کارخانهها
سال انتشار: 2022 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 15 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 47 مدیریت زنجیره تامین ( SCM ) , به روش یکی از مسائل مهم در جنبه مدیریتی , نقش مهمی در مقابله با مسایل انسانی و مشکلات ایفا میکند . به دلیل برخی محدودیتها ( به عنوان مثال , ظرفیت تولید و ظرفیت ذخیرهسازی ) و خواسته ها( به عنوان مثال , کاهش هزینه و افزایش درآمد ) , مدیران زنجیره تامین همیشه به دنبال بهترین پاسخ به مقدار و نوع ارتباط بین سطوح مختلف SCM هستند . در تحقیقات آتی , یک زنجیره تامین دارو ( PSC ) با سه تابع هدف توسعهیافته , با هدف به حداقل رساندن هزینههای کلی , خواستههای برآورده نشده , و کاهش زمان انتظار در ورودی کارخانه . در تحقیقات آتی , موضوع کلی و تحقیقات در مدلسازی PSC و حل مساله مورد بحث قرار گرفتهاند . سپس یک مدل برنامهریزی غیرخطی با تحقیقات قبلی برای حل کاستیهای موجود پیشنهاد شدهاست.
همچنین روشهای تصمیمگیری چند هدفه برای انطباق با اهداف متناقض مدل به طور همزمان استفاده میشوند . سپس نرمافزار تجاری GAMS برای حل مشکل اندازههای مختلف به کار میرود . در نهایت ، تحلیل حساسیت گسترده و ارزیابی نتایج مورد بحث قرار میگیرد و پیشنهادهای توسعه آتی ارایه میشوند. واژه های کاربردی : زنجیره تامین دارو | فسادپذیری | زمانبندی | فهرست | نظریه کیوینگ |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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Evaluation of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in nasopharyngeal swabs: Better knowledge for better patient management?
ارزیابی شش تست آنتی ژن سریع SARS-COV-2 در سواب های نازوفارنکس: دانش بهتر برای مدیریت بهتر بیمار؟-2021 Robust antigen point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 tests have been proposed as an efficient tool to address the COVID-19
pandemic. This requirement was raised after acknowledging the constraints that are brought by molecular
biology. However, worldwide markets have been flooded with cheap and potentially underperforming lateral
flow assays. Herein we retrospectively compared the overall performance of five qualitative rapid antigen SARS-
CoV-2 assays and one quantitative automated test on 239 clinical swabs. While the overall sensitivity and
specificity are relatively similar for all tests, concordance with molecular based methods varies, ranging from
75,7% to 83,3% among evaluated tests. Sensitivity is greatly improved when considering patients with higher
viral excretion (Ct≤33), proving that antigen tests accurately distinguish infectious patients from viral shedding.
These results should be taken into consideration by clinicians involved in patient triage and management, as well
as by national authorities in public health strategies and for mass campaign approaches. keywords: SARS-DONE-2 | تست های آنتی ژن سریع | rt-pcr | کووید -19 | SARS-CoV-2 | Rapid antigen tests | RT-PCR | COVID-19 |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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تشخیص BECT اسپایک براساس ویژگیهای توالی EEG Novel و الگوریتم های LSTM
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 35 صرع خوشخیم با امواج spinous در منطقه زمانی ۲ ( BECT ) یکی از شایعترین syndromes مبتلا به صرع در کودکان است که به طور جدی رشد سیستم برای کودکان را تهدید میکند . مشخصترین ویژگی ۵ BECT وجود تعداد زیادی از electroencephalogram ۶ ( EEG ) در ناحیه Rolandic در طول دوره interictal است که یک اساس مهم برای کمک به neurologists در BECT diag8 است . با توجه به این مساله , این مقاله یک الگوریتم تشخیص BECT spike را براساس توالی زمانی سری زمانی EEG ثبت میکند و حافظه کوتاهمدت حافظه بلند مدت ( LSTM ) را نشان میدهد . سه ویژگی متوالی دامنه زمانی , که به وضوح ۱۲ را مشخص میکنند , برای نمایش EEG استخراج میشوند . ۱۳ تکنیک نمونهگیری اقلیت ترکیبی ( smote ) برای ۱۴ سخنرانی در مورد مساله عدم تعادل در EEGs بکار گرفته میشود و ۱۵ - ( BiLSTM ) برای تشخیص سیخ آموزشدیده است . این الگوریتم با استفاده از دادههای EEG ۱۵ BECT ثبتشده از ۱۷ بیمار Hospital ثبتشده از ۱۷ بیمارستان کودکان , دانشکده پزشکی University ۱۸ ( CHZU ) , مورد ارزیابی قرار میگیرد . این آزمایش نشان میدهد که الگوریتم پیشنهادی میتواند به طور متوسط 88.54 % F [ 1] , ۹۲.۰۴ درصد حساسیت , و ۲۰ 85.75 درصد را بدست آورد , که به طور کلی از چندین روش تشخیص استاندارد ویژگی استفاده میکند .
عبارات راهنما: BECT | تشخیص اسپایک | حوزه زمان EEG ویژگی توالی | مدل LSTM
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مقاله ترجمه شده |
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Linking standard Economic Account for Forestry and ecosystem accounting: Total forest incomes and environmental assets in publicly-owned conifer farms in Andalusia-Spain
پیوند حساب استاندارد اقتصادی برای حسابداری جنگلداری و اکوسیستم: کل درآمد جنگل ها و دارایی های محیطی در مزارع عمومی متعلق به مالکیت در اندلس اسپانیا-2021 A major problem faced by government as trustee of society charged with conserving the nation’s forest envi-
ronmental asset is that the standard Economic Account for Forestry (EAF) fails to measure the contribution of
nature to total forest incomes and environmental assets. In the context of this government mission, the debate
arises with regard to how to uncover the contribution of nature to the total forest incomes enjoyed by people
through a refined accounting framework which extends the EAF. The latter is applied by the statistics office to
estimate the values added of timber, firewood, cork, resin, industrial nut and other non-woody final products of
the forest at national/sub-national scale. Bearing in mind this narrow scope of the EAF, this research proposes the
application of the experimental Agroforestry Accounting System (AAS), which extends the forest incomes and
environmental asset estimates by applying simulated exchange values stated/revealed by consumers for non-
market public goods and services. We apply the EAF and AAS frameworks to 12 large publicly-owned pro-
tected conifer forest farms which are not available for sale on the competitive land market and which cover an
area of 47,262 ha in Andalusia-Spain. In this conifer farm case study, the EAF considers the economic activities of
timber, firewood, aromatic plants and residential service. The AAS adds to the EAF activities those of grazing,
conservation forestry, hunting, livestock, agricultural crops, livestock-keeper private amenity, fire services, free
access recreation, mushrooms, carbon, landscape conservation, threatened wild biodiversity and water supply
runoff stored lower down the watershed in public reservoirs. The objectives of this conifer farm case study are,
first, to compare the final products and incomes estimated by applying the EAF and AAS frameworks and, second,
to measure the sensitivity of conifer farm environmental assets to changes in land ownership rights and dis-
counting rates in accordance with the AAS results. The conifer farm results show total income measured by the
AAS is 38 times higher than the EAF net value added (NVA) for the 2010 period. The AAS economic activities of
forestry conservation, fire services and landscape conservation activities generate 71% of the conifer farm labour
compensation. The AAS opening environmental asset measured at the assumed competitive real baseline dis-
counting rate of 3% is 6371.6 €/ha, which is 3.7 times lower than it would be if the conifer farm was available for
sale on the competitive land market. The change in the baseline discounting rate chosen, from 3% to 1.5%, would
lead to an increase of 116% in the value of the opening environmental asset. The above results reveal the
inconsistent EAF measurement of total conifer farm incomes. The sensitivity analysis underlines the important
effects on the environmental asset arising from changes in land ownership rights and discounting rates. keywords: حساب اقتصادی برای جنگلداری | سیستم حساب های ملی | سیستم حسابداری جنگلداری | خدمات محیط زیستی | درآمد زیست محیطی | Economic account for forestry | System of national accounts | Agroforestry accounting system | Ecosystem services | Environmental income |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Accounting-based downside risk and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری و خطر سقوط قیمت سهام: شواهدی از چین-2021 In the past 15 years, an emerging literature has extensively studied individual stock price crash risk, which refers to the likelihood
of an abrupt and large-scale drop in stock prices (e.g., Chen et al., 2001; Hutton et al., 2009; Jin and Myers 2006; Kim et al., 2011a, Li
and Zhang 2011b; Kim and Zhang 2016). An important strand of this literature focuses on the Chinese emerging markets where,
arguably, the extent of “bad news hoarding” is severer compared to developed markets due to China’s less effective corporate
governance environment (Wang et al., 2020). In this paper, we examine the relationship between accounting-based downside risk and
stock price crash risk using a large sample of Chinese listed firms.
The contribution of this study lies in a recently developed indicator of earnings fundamentals that is, arguably, more consistent with
“bad news hoarding”: accounting-based downside risk, hereafter denoted as ABDR. Studies have shown that investors care more about
downside losses than upside gain potentials and are therefore more sensitive to losses than to gains (e.g., Gul 1991; Kahneman and
Tversky 1979). Accordingly, Koonce et al. (2005) show that economic agents judge negative and positive expectations differently in
risk management, placing more emphasis on potential loss outcomes. However, earnings volatility and other existing accounting-based
downside risk measures consist of both downside and upside variabilities with equal weights and little research has examined the
downside risk of accounting-based measures. Konchitchki et al. (2016) are the first to construct measures of accounting-based
downside risk and examine its pricing implications in U.S. markets. In particular, this study uses the relative root lower partial
moment as a mathematical foundation to capture exposure to downside risk rather than the overall volatility. Accounting-based
downside risk measures focus on the below-expectation variability in firm performance measures, particularly return-on-assets (ROA).
We extend Konchitchki et al. (2016) by performing an investigation in the Chinese markets. Furthermore, we examine the variation keywords: Accounting-based downside risk | Stock price crash risk | Bad-news hoarding, China | ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری | ریسک سقوط قیمت سهام | احتکار اخبار بد، چین |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Data, data flows, and model specifications for linking multi-level contribution margin accounting with multi-level fixed-charge problems
دادهها، جریانهای داده، و مشخصات مدل برای پیوند حسابداری حاشیه سهم چندسطحی با مشکلات شارژ ثابت چندسطحی-2021 This article describes the data, data flows, and spreadsheet
implementations for linking multi-level contribution margin
accounting as a subsystem in cost accounting with several
versions of a multi-level fixed-charge problem (MLFCP), the
latter based on the optimization approach in operations research. This linkage can reveal previously hidden optimization potentials within the framework of multi-level contribution margin accounting, thus providing better information for decision making in companies and other organizations. For the data, plausible fictitious values have been assumed taking into consideration the calculation principles
in cost accounting where applicable. They include resourcerelated data, market-related data, and data from cost accounting needed to analyze the profitability of a companys´
products and organizational entities in the presence of hierarchically structured fixed costs. The data are processed and
analyzed by means of mathematical optimization techniques
and sensitivity analysis. The linkage between multi-level contribution margin accounting and MLFCP is implemented in
three spreadsheet files, including versions for deterministic
optimization, stochastic optimization, and robust optimization. This paper provides specifications for compatible solver
add-ins and for executing sensitivity analysis. The data and spreadsheet implementations described in this article were
used in a research article entitled “Making better decisions
by applying mathematical optimization to cost accounting:
An advanced approach to multi-level contribution margin accounting” [1]. The data sets and the spreadsheet implementations may be reused a) by researchers in management and
cost accounting as well as in operations research and quantitative methods for verification and for further development
of the linkage concept and of the underlying optimization
models; b) by practitioners for gaining insight into the data
requirements, methods, and benefits of the proposed linkage,
thus supporting continuing education; and c) by instructors
in academia who may find the data and spreadsheets valuable for classroom use in advanced courses. The complete
spreadsheet implementations in the form of three ready-touse Excel files (deterministic, stochastic, and robust version)
are available for download at Mendeley Data. They may serve
as customizable templates for various use cases in research,
practice, and education.
keywords: حسابداری هزینه | تحقیق در عملیات | مشکل ثابت شارژ | بهینه سازی | برنامه نویسی صحیح | تجزیه و تحلیل میزان حساسیت | بهینه سازی تصادفی | صفحه گسترده | Cost accounting | Operations research | Fixed-charge problem | Optimization | Integer programming | Sensitivity analysis | Stochastic optimization | Spreadsheet |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Making better decisions by applying mathematical optimization to cost accounting: An advanced approach to multi-level contribution margin accounting
تصمیم گیری های بهتر را با استفاده از بهینه سازی ریاضی به هزینه حسابداری: یک رویکرد پیشرفته به حسابداری حاشیه کمک چند سطح-2021 The purpose of multi-level contribution margin accounting in cost accounting is to analyze the profitability of
products and organizational entities with appropriate allocation of fixed costs and to provide relevant information
for short-term, medium- and longer-term decisions. However, the conventional framework of multi-level
contribution margin accounting does not usually incorporate a mathematical optimization method that simultaneously integrates variable and fixed costs to determine the best possible product mix within hierarchically
structured organizations. This may be surprising in that operations research provides an optimization model in the
form of the fixed-charge problem (FCP) that takes into account not only variable costs but also fixed costs of the
activities to be planned. This paper links the two approaches by expanding the FCP to a multi-level fixed-charge
problem (MLFCP), which maps the hierarchical decomposition of fixed costs in accordance with multi-level
contribution margin accounting. In this way, previously hidden optimization potentials can be made visible
within the framework of multi-level contribution margin accounting. Applying the linkage to a case study illustrates that the original assessment of profitability gained on the sole basis of a multi-level contribution margin
calculation might turn out to be inappropriate or even inverted as soon as mathematical optimization is utilized:
products, divisions, and other reference objects for fixed cost allocation, which at first glance seem to be profitable
(or unprofitable) might be revealed as actually unprofitable (or profitable), when the multi-level contribution
margin calculation is linked to the MLFCP. Furthermore, the proposed concept facilitates assessment of the costs
of an increasing variant diversity, which also demonstrates that common rules on how to interpret a multi-level
contribution margin calculation may have to be revised in some cases from the viewpoint of optimization. Finally,
the impact of changes in the fixed cost structure and other parameters is tested via sensitivity analyses and
stochastic optimization.
keywords: حسابداری هزینه | حد مشارکت، محدوده مشارکت | هزینه های ثابت | نرم افزار | مخلوط محصول | تصمیم گیری | تحقیق در عملیات | مشکل ثابت شارژ | مشکل چند سطح قابل شارژ | بهینه سازی | برنامه نویسی صحیح | تجزیه و تحلیل میزان حساسیت | بهینه سازی تصادفی | صفحه گسترده | مطالعه موردی | Cost accounting | Contribution margin | Fixed costs | Profitability | Product mix | Decision making | Operations research | Fixed-charge problem | Multi-level fixed-charge problem | Optimization | Integer programming | Sensitivity analysis | Stochastic optimization | Spreadsheet | Case study |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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AHP-TOPSIS social sustainability approach for selecting supplier in construction supply chain
رویکرد پایداری اجتماعی AHP-TOPSIS برای انتخاب تامین کننده در زنجیره تأمین ساخت و ساز-2021 Prequalification of suppliers in the Construction Supply Chain is considered a crucial step to assure to their ability to deliver socially sustainable projects. This research identifies the most important social sustainability prequalification criteria for supplier selection in Construction Supply Chain. Additionally, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model based on social indicators of sustainability is proposed in this research. Structured interviews were organized with experienced practitioners to define the relative importance weights of criteria that have collected in the first phase using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As such, the AHP is applied to develop mathematical determination to achieve the weights of social indicators. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to evaluate the different suppliers in the construction supply chain against 17 identified attributes. Ultimately, the closeness coefficients of the suppliers are estimated in order to identify social performance. The research aims at proposing a computational model of MCDM in order to introduce it to the construction organizations to utilize in the supplier prequalification process. A computational model is developed and a case study is worked out to illustrate the proposed methodology in supplier selection to ensure sustainable construction projects. Afterwards, the model is validated and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the impact of changing the weights of the considered attributes in the model outputs. Keywords: Social sustainability | Supplier selection | Construction supply chain | Multi-criteria decision making | Analytical hierarchy process | TOPSIS | Sensitivity analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Examining framing effect in travel package purchase: An application of double-entry mental accounting theory
بررسی اثر فریم در خرید بسته های مسافرتی: استفاده از تئوری حسابداری روحی دو ورودی-2021 Based on the double-entry mental accounting theory, we explore the effect of option framing
on travelers purchase decisions regarding customized travel packages through three experiments. The results confirm that subtractive framing leads to higher purchase intentions and
willingness to pay than additive framing. However, in the distant future, additive framing
leads to higher purchase intention. Pleasure attenuation mediates the option framing effect
on travel package purchase decisions, especially for travelers who make travel plans for the
near future and those with higher price sensitivity. Pain buffering only plays a mediator role
in student samples. The findings provide implications for travel agencies to adopt subtractive
framing for customized travel packages and improve the hedonic experiences embedded in
packages.
keywords: فریم گزینه | تئوری حسابداری روحی دو ورودی | فاصله زمانی | حساسیت قیمت | بسته سفر سفارشی | Option framing | Double-entry mental accounting theory | Temporal distance | Price sensitivity | Customized travel package |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Sunk cost effects hinge on the neural recalibration of reference points in mental accounting
اثرات هزینه های غرق شده بر روی لولایت عصبی از نقاط مرجع در حسابداری ذهنی-2021 The context of reinforcement history drastically influences human value-based choices. Mental accounting
theory concerns how prior outcomes are perceived, combined and assigned into specific “mental” accounts to
influence subsequent decisions but remains agnostic about the underlying computational and neural mecha-
nisms. In a two-stage sequential decision-making task, we found previously incurred costs and bonuses biased
subjects’ choices in the opposite directions with similar magnitudes. Such effects were consistent with a
computational model where the reference point was recalibrated by prior gains and losses encoded in the
ventral striatum activities. Moreover, individual’s susceptibility to prior outcomes was captured by the
response of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and its functional connectivity with the medial orbitofrontal
cortex, whose activity tracked the value of the chosen option. Our findings provide both behavioral and neural
evidence of how sunk costs, benefits, and prospects are integrated within the mental accounting framework to
influence choice behavior. keywords: حسابداری ذهنی | هزینه غرق شده | باد کردن | قشر پیشانی Dorsolateral | ارزش انتخاب شده | Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex | Mental accounting | Sunk cost | Windfall | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | Chosen value | Medial orbitofrontal cortex |
مقاله انگلیسی |