با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
An intelligent and cost-effective remote underwater video device for fish size monitoring
یک دستگاه ویدیویی زیر آب از راه دور هوشمند و مقرون به صرفه برای نظارت بر اندازه ماهی-2021 Monitoring the size of key indicator species of fish is important to understand ecosystem functions, anthropo- genic stress, and population dynamics. Standard methodologies gather data using underwater cameras, but are biased due to the use of baits, limited deployment time, and short field of view. Furthermore, they require experts to analyse long videos to search for species of interest, which is time consuming and expensive. This paper describes the Underwater Detector of Moving Object Size (UDMOS), a cost-effective computer vision system that records events of large fishes passing in front of a camera, using minimalistic hardware and power consumption. UDMOS can be deployed underwater, as an unbaited system, and is also offered as a free-to-use Web Service for batch video-processing. It embeds three different alternative large-object detection algorithms based on deep learning, unsupervised modelling, and motion detection, and can work both in shallow and deep waters with infrared or visible light. Keywords: Computer vision | Biodiversity conservation | Fish size | Baited remote underwater video | Artificial intelligence | Deep learning | Unsupervised modelling | Motion detection |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Informed conservation management of rare tree species needs knowledge of species composition, their genetic characteristics and ecological niche
مدیریت حفاظت از حفاظت از گونه های نادر درختی، نیاز به دانش ترکیب گونه ها، ویژگی های ژنتیکی آنها و طاقچه های زیست محیطی -2021 Woodland nature reserves must be scientifically assessed so that subsequent management leads to optimal
conservation of biodiversity. This entails knowledge of the species composition, the genetics of the local pop-
ulations and their ecology. Here we assess Tilia species in the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP), a large
mixed coniferous and deciduous forest in South-Eastern Germany. Tilia occurs here at low density, as in many
other mixed forests in Central and Northern Europe. Therefore, results are not only relevant to BFNP but also to
other areas.
Exhaustive sampling resulted in the collection of 113 mature trees that were genotyped using 20 microsatellite
markers, derived from both T. cordata and T. platyphyllos. For the first time, size and aspect of trees, and their
community association were contrasted between the species. Genotyping confirmed that T. platyphyllos,
T. cordata and their hybrid (T. x europaea) were present in the BFNP and both species deserve conservation.
T. platyphyllos has a higher genetic diversity for both sets of markers than T. cordata, confirming earlier work.
Both species showed genetic diversity comparable to other populations in Central Europe, which is likely to be
sufficient for the maintenance of the species in the short term. However, increasing the number of trees, ensuring
local sources are used, and gene flow from surrounding forests over the next decennia may be crucial for long-
term survival.
Further, within the T. platyphyllos group there was a set of 11 trees that were distinct from the others: they had
a lower genetic diversity and were shorter. We hypothesise that these were planted and should not be used for
propagation and augmentation. Most saplings analysed appeared to derive from asexual propagation (36 out of
41), although a few (five out of 41) were novel genotypes. This means that, currently, there is some, but rather
limited, regeneration.
T. cordata was found at a lower altitude and less steep terrain than T. platyphyllos and the hybrid. The hybrid
was taller than the two species, while the diameter at breast height was smallest in T. cordata. T. cordata shows a
preference for mixed and coniferous forests, while T. platyphyllos occurs mostly in deciduous forests.
Our results indicate that biodiversity at the species and genetic level as well as species’ ecology have to be
considered in order to guide informed conservation management. These results form the basis to recommend
conservation management improving the long-term viability of Tilia in the BFNP and other mixed forests. keywords: جنگلداری | تیلیا | تنوع ژنتیکی | ترجیح زیستگاه | مناطق حفاظت شده | هیبریداسیون | جنگلکاری | Forestry | Tilia | Genetic diversity | Habitat preference | Protected areas | Hybridisation | Silviculture |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Deriving double dividends through linking payments for ecosystem services to environmental entrepreneurship: The case of the invasive weed Lantana camara
سود سهام مضاعف از طریق پیوند پرداخت خدمات اکوسیستم به کارآفرینی زیست محیطی: مورد تهاجمی علفهای هرز Lantana camara-2019 A payment for ecosystem services mechanism is designed to support an environmental enterprise aimed at
controlling Lantana camara, an invasive weed that is costly to eradicate. A forest reserve manager engages the
local community in lantana control efforts. The community converts the weeds into household durable items for
sale. However, as markets for such products may not account for the environmental services generated through
weed control, the enterprise could fail for want of additional financial support. The challenge addressed in this
paper is to incorporate the full environmental benefits of the weed-based enterprise and provide adequate
compensation to the local community. An optimal compensation mechanism is derived through linking the
ecological dimension of weed growth to its impact on biodiversity values within the reserve. Results indicate that
optimal payments to the community would need to take into consideration both the value addition to the
environment from controlling the invasive weed and the opportunity cost of participation by the community.
When there exists a risk of enterprise failure due to low profitability, higher payments by the manager are
required. However, the best environmental outcomes are obtained when the manager incorporates the welfare of
the local community within the utility function. Keywords: Lantana camara | Invasive weed | Environmental enterprise | Payments for ecosystem services | Environmental service | Biodiversity conservation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Overcoming the Data Crisis in Biodiversity Conservation
غلبه بر بحران اطلاعات در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی-2018 How can we track population trends when monitoring data are sparse? Popula
tion declines can go undetected, despite ongoing threats. For example, only one
ofevery200harvestedspeciesaremonitored.Thisgapleadstouncertaintyabout
the seriousness of declines and hampers effective conservation. Collecting more
data is important, but we can also make better use of existing information. Prior
knowledge of physiology, life history, and community ecology can be used to
inform population models. Additionally, in multispecies models, information can
be shared among taxa based on phylogenetic, spatial, or temporal proximity. By
exploiting generalities across species that share evolutionary or ecological char
acteristics within Bayesian hierarchical models, we can fill crucial gaps in the
assessment of species’ status with unparalleled quantitative rigor.
|
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
یک معماری ساده طراحی چشم انداز برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 15 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 33 سازمانهای برنامهریزی دولت محلی نقش بسیار مهمی در حفظ تنوع زیستی در چشم اندازهای تغییر یافته به دست انسان دارند. چنین سازمانهایی اغلب دانش محدودی از زیست شناسی حیات وحش دارند و همچنین برای انجام پژوهش، منابع کمی در اختیار دارند بنابراین به دستورالعملهای ساده و عملی برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی نیاز دارند. ما یک چارچوب طراحی چشم انداز برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی پیشنهاد میکنیم که ترتیبی و مبتنی بر دستورالعمل بوده و جنبهی علمی اکولوژیکی چشم انداز فعلی از آن پشتیبانی میکند. برخلاف دستورالعملهای موجود، دستورالعمل ما را میتوان در هر چشم انداز دلخواهی پیاده سازی کرد و تنها به دادههای پوشش زمین نیاز است و به صراحت محدودیتهای زمین برای طراحی را در نظر میگیرد. مراحل چارچوب ما که باید پیاده سازی شوند عبارتند از:
1)انتخاب دادههای پوشش زمین و تصمیم برای اینکه که کدام کلاس پوشش شامل زمینهای تغییر یافته و یا تغییر نیافته هستند؛ 2)فهرست کردن محدودیتهای برنامه ریزی استفاده از زمین (برای مثال اقتصادی و اجتماعی) که برای هر چشم انداز موجود است؛ 3)به حداقل رساندن میزان و پوشش کل زمینهای تغییر نیافته به خصوص آن دسته از زمینهایی که در نزدیکی آب هستند و 4) به حداقل رساندن دخالت انسان با پوشش زمینهای تغییر یافته به خصوص در نزدیکی آب و 5) تجمع پوشش زمینهای تغییر یافته همراه با استفادهی شدید از زمین به خصوص آن دسته از زمینهایی که دور از آب هستند. ما مفید بودن روش خود را اینگونه نشان میدهیم که آن را به چشم انداز فرضی اعمال میکنیم و نتیجه ی بدست آمده را با دستورالعملهای اکولوژیکی سنتی مقایسه میکنیم تا در مورد برنامه ریزی استفاده از زمین اطلاع رسانی کنیم. کلمات کلیدی: مناظر تحت سلطه انسان | تغییر کاربری زمین و زمین | چشم انداز محیط زیست | برنامه ریزی برای استفاده از زمین | برنامه ریزی حفاظت | مدیریت چشم انداز مجتمع |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
6 |
Do Global Indicators of Protected Area Management Effectiveness Make Sense? A Case Study from Siberia
آیا شاخص های جهانی مناطق حفاظت شده مدیریت اثربخش را حس میکنند؟ مطالعه موردی از سیبری-2015 Driven by the underperformance of many protected areas (PAs), protected area management effectiveness (PAME) evaluations are increasingly being conducted
to assess PAs in meeting specified objectives. A number of
PAME tools have been developed, many of which are
based on the IUCN-WCPA framework constituting six
evaluative elements (context, planning, input, process,
output, and outcomes). In a quest for a more universal tool
and using this framework, Leverington et al. (Environ
Manag 46(5):685–698, 2010) developed a common scale
and list of 33 headline indicators, purported to be representative across a wide range of management effectiveness
evaluation tools. The usefulness of such composite tools
and the relative weighting of indicators are still being debated. Here, we utilize these headline indicators as a
benchmark to assess PAME in 37 PAs of four types in
Krasnoyarsk Kray, Russia, and compare these with global
results. Moreover, we review the usefulness of these indicators in the Krasnoyarsk context based on the opinions of
local PA management teams. Overall, uncorrected management scores for studied PAs were slightly better
(mean = 5.66 ± 0.875) than the global average, with
output and outcome elements being strongest, and planning
and process scores lower. Score variability is influenced by
PA size, location, and type. When scores were corrected
based on indicator importance, the mean score significantly
increased to 5.75 ± 0.858. We emphasize idiosyncrasies of
Russian PA management, including the relative absence of
formal management plans and limited efforts toward local
community beneficiation, and how such contextual differences may confound PAME scores when indicator weights
are treated equal.
Keywords: Protected area | Management effectiveness | Evaluation | Biodiversity conservation | Krasnoyarsk Kray | Russian Federation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
قانون بهره برداری از محیط زیست در برزیل؛ عقب نشینی از سیاست های عمومی برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی
سال انتشار: 2013 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 10 برزیل کشوری با بیشترین تنوع زیستی در جهان است و همچنین میزبان بزرگترین جنگل انبوه در این سیاره. اگرچه برزیل پیشگام سیاست های عمومی برای حفاظت از تنوع زیستی و منابع طبیعی بود، به تازگی تمامی این فعالیتهای حفاظتی از طریق سیاست های زیست محیطی مشکوک به خطر افتاده است. در طول چهار سال گذشته، دولت به شدت قوانین زیست محیطی خود را تغییر داده است؛ از بین بردن مناطق وسیعی از منابع طبیعی و حمایت و تشویق جاده سازی، که به از دست رفتن تنوع زیستی، کاهش پوشش جنگلی و افزایش آلودگی آب و خاک منجر خواهد شد. در این مقاله از صحنه سیاسی و اجتماعی در برزیل و ارتباط آن با حفاظت از تنوع زیستی نیز بحث شده است.
واژه های کلیدی: قانون | حفاظت از محیط زیست | چشم انداز سیاسی و اجتماعی | تنوع زیستی. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |