با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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Three conversation practices illuminating how children’s views and wishes are explored in care proceedings: An analysis of 22 children’s spokespersons’ accounts
سه روش مکالمه که چگونگی بررسی دیدگاهها و خواستههای کودکان در رسیدگیهای مراقبتی را روشن میکند: تحلیلی از گزارشهای سخنگویان 22 کودک-2021 There is a growing literature on how children are heard in the field of child welfare, often with indications of how
difficult it may be to fulfil their right to be heard. This article examines children’s spokespersons’ accounts of
speaking with children in care proceedings about their views and wishes. The study consists of interviews with
22 children’s spokespersons in Norway. Study findings question whether children in care proceedings understand
the invitation to voice their wishes as confined to matters relating to the proceedings. Based on their accounts of
their practices, spokespersons tend to respond to children’s wishes with efforts to orientating them to their
current situation and a negotiation that will make the wishes more feasible in the eyes of the representative. The
spokespersons’ accounts of the conversations display conversational dynamics in which children’s views and
wishes are explored, through types of practices identified as practices of fidelity, of structuration and of argu-
mentation. The understanding of conversation dynamics that these findings provide may further meaningful
engagement and enable a more attentive exploration of children’s views and wishes. The findings provide
important insights for professions that bear the task of enabling children’s participation. keywords: نمایندگی کودکان | حفاظت از کودکان | مشارکت | مراحل مراقبت | حقوق کودکان | دوران کودکی | Children’s representation | Child protection | Participation | Care proceedings | Children’s rights | Childhood |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Legal Remedies For a Forgiving Society: Children’s rights, data protection rights and the value of forgiveness in AI-mediated risk profiling of children by Dutch authorities
راه حل های قانونی برای یک جامعه بخشنده: حقوق کودکان ، حقوق محافظت از داده ها و ارزش بخشش در مشخصات ریسک کودکان با استفاده از هوش مصنوعی توسط مقامات هلندی-2020 30 years after the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) and two years
after the new EU data protection regime, the social value of forgiveness is not part of these
legal instruments. The lack of this value within these legal instruments and the lack of re-
search on the subject of forgiveness in relation to improving the legal position of children
require urgent addressing especially when children are exposed to artificial intelligence (AI)-
mediated risk profiling practices by Dutch government authorities. Developmental psychol-
ogists underline that the erosion of this value could hamper children’s ability to develop
flourishing human relationships.
This article contributes to fill this niche. It investigates how this value can be enforced in
order to benefit children below the age of 12 years that are exposed to risk profiling by Dutch
law enforcement and youth care authorities. Children who are victims, witnesses, or falsely
accused provide a particular narrowing of focus in this article as these groups cannot be held
responsible for their correlations to crime. Strengthening children’s legal position is crucial
because their position is much weaker compared to adults when it comes to question a risk
correlation about themselves. These children correlated to crime, as this paper argues, not
only can feel unjustifiably punished, ‘unforgiven’, and hampered in their choices, but can
also develop low self-worth and (negative) judgmental attitudes towards others. Based on
input from developmental psychology, empirical material, and legal desk research, this article
seeks to answer: What remedies can the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) 2016/680, the
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and the United Nations Convention on the Right
of the Child (CRC) offer against the detrimental implications of risk profiling children by the
ProKid 12- SI system and the Crime Anticipation System (CAS) in The Netherlands? How
can the social value of forgiveness strengthen these instruments and the legal position of
children in light of security interests and the best interests of the child? The analysis concludes
that the CRC offers the broadest room for incorporating the principle of forgiveness into balancing tests, but certain LED and GDPR prescriptions could also support the value of forgiveness for children, such as the right to erasure. The analysis concludes that incorporating
forgiveness into the mentioned legal instruments would not only benefit individual
children but would also foster public safety as a result. Keywords: Forgiveness | Risk profiles | Children rights | Data protection | AI | Correlations |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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“He’s just a baby”: Forensic interviewers’ experiences and perceptions of maltreated preschoolers’ participation in the criminal justice system
"او فقط یک کودک است": تجارب مصاحبه کنندگان پزشکی قانونی از مشارکت پیش دبستانی های سوء رفتار در سیستم دادرسی کیفری-2020 In many countries throughout the world, children are required to come face to face with the criminal justice
system following suspected abuse. This encounter is challenging regardless of their age, but particularly so for
preschoolers. The current study examined how forensic interviewers – acting in the Israeli context as frontline
practitioners in the process of maltreated children’s participation in the criminal justice system – experience and
perceive maltreated preschoolers’ participation. Nine focus groups were held with a total of 90 forensic interviewers,
and thematic analysis was applied to their narratives. The participants identified three major barriers
for preschoolers’ participation: developmental capabilities, the interviewers’ emotional barriers when interacting
with young children in the aftermath of suspected maltreatment, and the criminal justice system, which in its
current form is not conducive to the participation of maltreated preschoolers. The discussion addresses the
urgent need to modify the criminal justice system in order to better promote preschoolers’ participation. Keywords: Child maltreatment | Preschoolers | Forensic interviews | Forensic interviewers | Childrens rights | Childrens right to participation |
مقاله انگلیسی |