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Loan delinquency in banking systems: How effective are credit reporting systems?
بزهکاری وام در سیستم های بانکی: سیستم های گزارش دهی اعتبار چقدر مؤثر هستند؟-2019 The role of credit reporting systems in influencing bank loan delinquency has received limited
attention in the literature. However, better credit risk assessment can help mitigate some of the
informational asymmetries involved in credit extension and thereby ease the flow of credit by
addressing the bad loan problem. In this context, I empirically examine the efficacy of credit
reporting systems in tackling the bank loan problems. Accordingly, I combine the staggered
timing of credit reporting system reforms across countries of Middle East and North Africa with
bank-level data in order to analyze the impact of such reforms on non-performing loans. The
analysis suggests that credit reporting system reforms leads to a decline in such loans by roughly
40 percent. These effects are driven primarily by reforms of private credit bureau as compared
with public credit registry. The analysis also points to a differential impact on NPLs across bank
business models and across countries with differing banking structures. Finally, the results show
that the efficacy of credit reporting systems is much less compelling during crises. Keywords: Credit bureau | Credit registry | Loan delinquency | MENA | Banking |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Market structure, performance, and efficiency: Evidence from the MENA banking sector
ساختار بازار ، عملکرد و کارایی: شواهدی از بخش بانکی MENA-2019 This paper tests four related theories on the relationships among market structure, profitability,
and efficiency using a stochastic frontier analysis and dynamic panel data for 201 banks in Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the 2005–2012 period. The results show that
neither the structure–conduct–performance hypothesis nor the efficient structure hypothesis holds
in MENA countries. This finding has important implications, meaning that the performance of the
financial sector can be obtained under competitive and efficient conditions without high levels of
concentration. The evidence also supports the relative market power hypothesis, suggesting that
banks with higher market share obtain higher profits by setting higher prices. Furthermore, we
find that cost efficiency has a significant effect on bank profitability, but also there are still highly
concentrated markets in which banks are less profitable and more inefficient, adversely affecting
the competitiveness of the banking system. Keywords: Banking | Market structure | Efficiency | MENA countries | Performance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A dynamic network DEA model for accounting and financial indicators: A case of efficiency in MENA banking
مدل پویا شبکه DEA برای شاخص های حسابداری و مالی: مورد بهره وری در بانکداری خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا-2019 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries present a banking industry that is well-known for
regulatory and cultural heterogeneity, besides ownership, origin, and type diversity. This paper
explores these issues by developing a Dynamic Network DEA model in order to handle the underlying
relationships among major accounting and financial indicators. Firstly, a relational model
encompassing major profit sheet, balance sheet, and financial health indicators is presented under
a dynamic network structure. Subsequently, the dynamic effect of carry-over indicators is incorporated
into it so that efficiency scores can be properly computed for these three substructures.
The impact of contextual variables related to bank ownership, its type, and whether or not it has
undergone a previous merger and acquisition process is tested by means of a stochastic non-linear
model solved by differential evolution, which combines bootstrapped Simplex, Tobit, Beta, and
Simar and Wilson truncated regression results. The results reveal that bank type, origin, and
ownership impact efficiency levels differently in terms of profit sheet, balance sheet, and financial
health indicators, although the impact of culture and regulatory barriers seem to prevail at the
country level. Keywords: Banks | MENA | Dynamic | Network | DEA | Stochastic optimization |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
How far away is the MENA banking system? Efficiency comparisons with international banks
سیستم بانکی خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا چقدر فاصله دارد؟ مقایسه کارایی با بانکهای بین المللی-2019 This paper compares the efficiency of MENA banks with a large group of international banking
systems. Using an unbalanced sample including 52 countries over the period 2000–2012, both
cost and revenue efficiency are compared. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the technology,
we estimate stochastic meta frontier models and identify two important inefficiency
components, namely managerial inefficiency and technology inefficiency. Overall, in MENA
banks costs could be reduced by 13%, while revenue could be increased by 17% if their banking
systems undertake the most advanced banking technologies. We do not find any improvement of
this inefficiency over time, but we detect differences in cost inefficiency compared to the banks of
the most advanced nations for several cases. The link between managerial efficiency and technology
efficiency is also explored by applying Granger causality tests. A bidirectional relationship
is evidenced, but the long term impact is in favor of managerial efficiency, which could be the
driver to improve technology efficiency in the region, a result conditional on the availability of
high qualified human capital in the banking sector. Keywords: Banking efficiency | Metafrontier | Stochastic frontier | Output distance functio |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa
نابرابری فرصت در آموزش عالی در خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا-2018 Struggles with inequality have been prominent in the Middle East and North Africa in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. This paper examines the extent and drivers of inequality of opportunity in attaining higher education in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. We find that inequality is similarly high in Egypt and Tunisia, but moderate in Jordan. Background characteristics affect attainment even after accounting for test scores, which are themselves influenced by background. Particularly in Egypt and Tunisia, where higher education is free of charge, public spending on higher education is regressive. Thus, a theoretically meritocratic and equitable system perpetuates inequality.
keywords: Inequality |Higher education |Socio-economic mobility |Education policy |Middle East and North Africa |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Incarceration or mandatory treatment: Drug Use and the Law in MENA
حبس و یا درمان اجباری: استفاده از مواد مخدر و قانون در خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا-2016 In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), drug policies are embedded in the prohibition paradigm. Laws and legislation criminalize all types of activities related to illicit drugs. This article gives a detailed assessment of the provisions of Arab national laws to control the use of illicit drugs across the areas of punishment of drug users, penalties for drug dependence, legislation on use and dependence treatment, and the right of the convicted people who use drugs to confidentiality. It reviews the national legislations on drug control of 16 Arab countries as amended in January 2011.
Keywords: Drug dependence | Arab legislation | MENA | Mandatory drug treatment |
مقاله انگلیسی |