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نتیجه جستجو - خلیج مکزیک

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A three year study of metal levels in skin biopsies of whales in the Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil crisis
سه سال مطالعه سطح فلز در بیوپسی پوست نهنگ در خلیج مکزیک پس از بحران نفت افق Deepwater-2018
In response to the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon and the massive release of oil that followed, we conducted three annual research voyages to investigate how the oil spill would impact the marine offshore environment. Most investigations into the ecological and toxicological impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil crisis have mainly focused on the fate of the oil and dispersants, but few have considered the release of metals into the environ ment. From studies of previous oil spills, other marine oil industries, and analyses of oil compositions, it is evident that metals are frequently encountered. Several metals have been reported in the MC252 oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, including the nonessential metals aluminum, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and lead; genotoxic metals, such as these are able to damage DNA and can bioaccumulate in organisms resulting in persistent exposure. In the Gulf of Mexico, whales are the apex species; hence we collected skin biopsies from sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), and Brydes whales (Balaenoptera edeni). The results from our three-year study of monitoring metal levels in whale skin show (1) genotoxic metals at concentrations higher than global averages previously reported and (2) patterns for MC252-relevant metal concentrations decreasing with time from the oil spill.
Keywords: Chromium ، Deepwater Horizon ، Gulf of Mexico ، Metals ، Nickel ، Oil spill ، Whales
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Building an ecosystems-type fisheries management approach for the Campecheh Bank, subarea in the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem
ساخت یک شیوه مدیریت شیلات نوعی اکوسیستم برای بانک Campecheh، زیرزمینی در اکوسیستم دریایی خلیج مکزیک-2017
In this contribution, we discuss the need for an ecosystems-type fisheries management approach, especially when the Campeche Bank subarea of the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) is strongly influenced by environmental changes. In these circumstances, the carrying capacity and the subarea structure and its organization do not reflect the stability assumed for conventional stock assessment approaches. The subarea re-organizes in response to environ mental change, and sustainable fishing and management must be adapted. This necessity is particularly relevant under the effects of climate change since those changes have a defined tendency. We also show evidence of a clear signal of climate change effects on the Campeche Bank subarea of the Gulf of Mexico LME and how changes in fish stocks can be misinterpreted under conventional stock assessment methods. Moreover, evidence is shown regarding how the subarea has evolved during the last six decades, giving a clear example of re-organization. Management schemes are discussed briefly; addressing why they fail and suggesting an approach to identify a limiting subarea reference level termed noxicline, which represents the limit of the loss of biomass of the components of a subarea after which the domain deteriorates. The noxicline also permits identification of the corresponding harvest rate limit at the stock level. As an average the harvest rate to be applied in the Campeche Bank subarea should be no larger than 40%. This approach can be useful under the effects of climate change, since harvest rates reflect the proportion of the stock that is extracted, regardless of its size.
Keywords: Ecosystem | Management | Climate changes | Campeche Bank subarea | Noxicline
مقاله انگلیسی
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