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نتیجه جستجو - دانش

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 1456
ردیف عنوان نوع
61 Knowledge management and humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific: Practices, challenges, and future pathways
مدیریت دانش و سازمان های بشردوستانه در آسیا و اقیانوس آرام: شیوه ها، چالش ها و مسیرهای آینده-2021
While there is growing recognition amongst humanitarians that knowledge sharing and exchange are essential components of organisational efficiency and effectiveness, knowledge management processes in many human- itarian organisations are still inadequate. The review of knowledge management and international relations literature reveals limited research on the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations. This article aims to start filling this research gap by examining the use of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer in the humanitarian sector in the Asia-Pacific. It points to the embryonic stage of knowledge management and the reliance on tacit knowledge management consistent with the early stage of sector professionalization in the region. It reviews and analyses existing scholarly literature and manuals and draws on fieldwork interviews with key humanitarian personnel that primarily focus on natural hazards. The findings suggest institutional memory in the humanitarian sector remains ad hoc with limited long-term capture. There is a broad tendency in the region to rely on tacit knowledge transfer – interpersonal relationships and informal decision-making – as the dominant knowledge management practice. This reliance challenges knowledge management at the institutional level and indicates a weakness in the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations in the region. Our research raises questions about how to improve knowledge management practices within humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific with significant implications for the sector more generally. A recalibration of tacit and explicit knowledge management would build institutional memory in humanitarian organisations. This requires a dual-track approach with codified documentation of experiences and greater emphasis on an institutional culture of knowledge sharing.
keywords: آسیا و اقیانوسیه | حافظه نهادی | مدیریت بحران | مدیریت دانش | امور بشردوستانه | حکومت | Asia-pacific | Institutional memory | disaster management | Knowledge management | Humanitarian affairs | governance
مقاله انگلیسی
62 Indigenous flood control and management knowledge and flood disaster risk reduction in Nigerias coastal communities: An empirical analysis
دانش کنترل و مدیریت سیل بومی و کاهش خطر بلایای سیل در جوامع ساحلی نیجریه: یک تحلیل تجربی-2021
Flooding is one of the major global challenges today. The role of indigenous knowledge in offering an effective risk reduction strategy towards flood disaster disregarded for many decades is now gaining global recognition. There is a growing call for empirical identification of the effectiveness of indigenous knowledge in flood risk reduction. Consequently, this paper empirically examines indigenous flood control and management knowledge with the intent to identify its effectiveness in risk reduction of flood disasters in Nigeria’s coastal communities. This is to provide empirical bases for the formulation of appropriate strategies for enhancing flood risk reduction in Nigeria’s coastal communities. The research engaged focus group discussion and questionnaire methods to generate primary data. The research proceeds with principal component analysis to classify and measure the effectiveness of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in flood risk reduction. The result shows the existence of eight types of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in the coastal communities and they were 61.2% effective in flood risk reduction. This implies that indigenous flood control and manage- ment knowledge practiced in Nigeria’s coastal communities is effective in flood risk reduction. This study pro- posed a sustainable approach to risk reduction in flood disasters based on the integration of indigenous knowledge systems and modern flood management strategies.
keywords: دانش بومی | کنترل سیل | جوامع ساحلی | مدیریت | فاجعه سیل | کاهش خطر | Indigenous knowledge | Flood control | Coastal communities | Management | Flood disaster | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
63 Disaster management training in the euregio-meuse-rhine: What can we learn from each other to improve cross-border practices?
آموزش مدیریت بلایا در euregio-meuse-rhine: برای بهبود شیوه های فرامرزی چه چیزی می توانیم از یکدیگر بیاموزیم؟-2021
Increasing numbers of disasters require comprehensive preparedness. Border regions are vulnerable as disasters might not halt at administrative borders. Cross-border coordination is therefore required. As integral part of cross-border collaborations initiative in the Meuse–Rhine Euregio (EMR), we reviewed published evidence informing on existing initiatives dedicated to disaster education in the EMR. A search based on the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews was conducted to retrieve articles in the following databases: Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus. The searches were limited to English, French, Dutch and German language articles and the period between January 2010 and June 2019. No restrictions were set for the study design or the type of methodology used. A total of 18 articles met the inclusion criteria out of a total of 1771 publications. Training development was found in two studies while nine studies focused on the state of knowledge in disaster management. Seven articles referred only to technical skills, three only to non-technical skills and eight combined both types of skills. For the technical nature, Knowledge was found seven times, Skills five times and Attitudes twice. On the non- technical side, Knowledge was found three and both Skills twice and Attitudes three times. Five studies trained and assessed all the Knowledge, skills and attitudes. Most of the studies constitute inventories with descriptive reporting and very few experimental studies of quality have been carried. Non-technical skills for disaster preparedness have been well considered among the articles. Cross-border collaboration needs to be further investigated.
keywords: پزشکی فاجعه | حوادث تلفات جمعی | آموزش فاجعه | برنامه ریزی فاجعه | Disaster medicine | Mass casualty incidents | Disaster education | Disaster planning
مقاله انگلیسی
64 Local knowledge of emerging hazards: Instability above an Icelandic glacier
دانش محلی از خطرات در حال ظهور: بی ثباتی بالاتر از یخچال های ایسلندی-2021
Climate change is contributing to shifts in the magnitude and scale of hazards, and the emergence of risks in areas where they were previously unknown. In south-east Iceland, a fracture in the mountainside of Svínafellsheiði threatens to cause between 60 and 100 million cubic metres of rock to fall onto the glacier below. A large landslide could break up the surface of the glacier, crash into the proglacial lake, and affect people and infrastructure downhill. In addition to the unprecedented scale, the Svínafellsheiði fracture represents the first time people and infrastructure have been exposed to this type of hazard in Iceland. In this article we examine the role of local knowledge in disaster risk reduction and management for communities that are facing a particular type of hazard for the first time. We argue that even when a community lacks experience with a specific type of hazard, local knowledge can still play a valuable role in hazard identification and risk management.
keywords: کاهش خطر و مدیریت خطر فاجعه | دانش محلی | رانش زمین | ایسلند | خطر ظهور | Svínafellsheiði | Disaster risk reduction and management | Local knowledge | Landslide | Iceland | Emerging hazard
مقاله انگلیسی
65 Knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review and a case study of East Lombok, Indonesia
مدیریت دانش و آمادگی برای بلایای طبیعی: مروری بر ادبیات سیستماتیک و مطالعه موردی شرق لومبوک، اندونزی-2021
Disaster impacts can be significantly reduced with disaster preparedness. Knowledge management is one of the building blocks of disaster preparedness. This paper comprehends the current state of the literature on knowl- edge management in community preparedness towards natural disasters. The paper identifies and develops a categorization of community-related knowledge management in disaster preparedness using a systematic liter- ature review. Subsequently, the categorization is utilized in a case study to determine if community-related knowledge management in the preparedness phase can improve communities’ responses in the event of natu- ral disasters. The case study was conducted in the Lombok Island community of Indonesia, which experienced two major earthquakes in mid-2018 and early 2019. The results show that knowledge transfer and creation towards and among the Lombok community increased after the mid-2018 earthquake. Consequently, the com- munity was better able to respond to the early-2019 earthquake. Better disaster preparedness activity designs are crucial in attracting participation and motivating residents to be more prepared.
keywords: عملیات بشردوستانه | مرحله آمادگی | مدیریت دانش | فاجعه با شروع ناگهانی | زمین لرزه | Humanitarian operations | Preparedness phase | Knowledge management | Sudden-onset disaster | Earthquake
مقاله انگلیسی
66 Resilience learning and indigenous knowledge of earthquake risk in Indonesia
یادگیری تاب آوری و دانش بومی خطر زلزله در اندونزی-2021
In the context of earthquake risk, a vulnerability and resilience perspective has changed a purely technological orientation in facing natural hazards. One aspect of this change is the increasing awareness to include indige- nous, traditional knowledge, community-based action, and local practices as well as experience from historic events in earthquake hazard management. Various research has shown that indigenous knowledge has an important role in avoiding undesired impacts from hazards. The involvement of indigenous knowledge into hazard management has been accepted as a fruitful approach by many countries. In Indonesia, the indigenous response to natural hazards, especially towards earthquakes, is to adapt the house constructions according to the hazards from their surrounding living environment and these have been tested and proven for many centuries. But while such indigenous knowledge has existed for centuries, learning requires more than just remembering, it needs to be translated into new actions. This paper highlights connections between knowing and acting on di- sasters, as manifested in house construction, and how this resonates with the concept of resilience.
keywords: راه حل های مبتنی بر طبیعت | تمرین تاب آوری | مردم بومی | رویدادهای تاریخی | کاهش خطر بحران | Nature-based solutions | Resilience practice | Indigenous people | Historical events | Disaster risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
67 اقتصاد ، جامعه و حاکمیت در قطب شمال: مروری بر پروژه تحقیقاتی ArCS در زمینه علوم انسانی و علوم اجتماعی (2015-2020)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 13 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 55
این مقاله به طور خلاصه دستاوردهای یکی از موضوعات موجود در پروژه Arctic Challenge برای پایداری (ArCS) است. این مضمون که عمدتاً از محققان علوم انسانی و اجتماعی تشکیل شده است ، برای اتصال دستاوردهای سایر مضامین به ذینفعان و سیاست گذاران طراحی شده است. با توجه به روش تحقیق ما ، این مقاله بحث را در سه زمینه تحقیقاتی پیش می برد. ابتدا ، توسعه اقتصادی در قطب شمال مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. در حالی که گرم شدن آب و هوا در قطب شمال افزایش یافته است ، امکان استفاده از مسیر دریای شمال و توسعه منابع زیرزمینی در حال گسترش است. پایداری این توسعه برای شناسایی چشم انداز آینده فعالیت اقتصادی بررسی خواهد شد. دوم ، تعامل بین انسان و محیط در نظر گرفته خواهد شد. بر اساس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده از طریق کار میدانی در سیبری شرقی ، داخلی آلاسکا ، و گرینلند ، نشان داده خواهد شد که چگونه عوامل انسانی و طبیعی در تغییر محیط به طور پیچیده ای بافته شده اند. سوم ، موضوعات مختلفی درباره حکومت قطب شمال مورد بحث و بررسی قرار خواهد گرفت. چندین نکته از جمله سیاست حقوقی قطب شمال ، روابط بین الملل و دخالت افراد بومی در اداره منابع از موضوعات اصلی بحث خواهد بود. پس از نشان دادن این دستاوردهای پروژه ، چالش های آینده مطالعه قطب شمال نشان داده خواهد شد.
کلید واژه ها: مسیر دریایی شمال | توسعه منابع | دانش بومی | دولت قطب شمال
مقاله ترجمه شده
68 Learning from past earthquake disasters: The need for knowledge management system to enhance infrastructure resilience in Indonesia
یادگیری از بلایای زلزله گذشته: نیاز به سیستم مدیریت دانش برای افزایش انعطاف پذیری زیرساخت در اندونزی-2021
Indonesia lies at the region where Indo-Australian, Eurasian, Pacific and Philippines global tectonic plates meet. In the last 30 years, Indonesia has experienced catastrophic earthquake disasters, causing thousands of loss of life and major infrastructure damage. Since the 2004 devastating Sumatra-Andaman tsunamigenic earthquake, knowledge derived from various disaster experiences regarding infrastructure resilience have been improving. Yet disasters such as the recent 2018 Lombok and Palu earthquakes remain devastating. An investigation on how knowledge on past earthquakes have been managed and utilized to promote better resilient infrastructure in Indonesia is conducted. Lessons are extracted from 5 significant earthquakes causing major damage through compilation and analysis of scientific publications and reports on field surveys, works and existing policies. Factors that keep contributing to the failure of buildings and infrastructure include lack of understanding of local hazard situation, incompliance to seismic resistant codes and standards for buildings and infrastructure, prob- lematic soil condition, and collateral hazards such as tsunami, liquefaction, ground subsidence, landslides, rock avalanche which are adding to the complexity of the seismic hazard. The scarcity of information and knowledge on the performance on resilience of infrastructure during earthquakes in Indonesia limits knowledge-based de- cision making in the planning, development and operation of resilient infrastructure. This study calls for the development of a knowledge management system for earthquake resilient infrastructure in Indonesia, to save more lives and to reduce economic disruptions due to infrastructure damages, and thus contribute to the sus- tainable development goals achievement.
keywords: زیرساخت های انعطاف پذیر | سیستم مدیریت دانش | زمين لرزه | کاهش خطر | Resilient infrastructure | Knowledge management system | Earthquake | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
69 Capacity building in participatory approaches for hydro-climatic Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean
ایجاد ظرفیت در رویکردهای مشارکتی برای مدیریت ریسک بلایای آبی-اقلیمی در کارائیب-2021
The participatory approach to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) considers socio-economic factors and facilitates the incorporation of local and indigenous knowledge into management plans while offering an opportunity to all resource users to have an input. Caribbean WaterNet/Cap-Net UNDP, Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C), and the Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies (FFA, UWI) conducted a series of regional training of trainers’ workshops in Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Drought Risk Management to build regional capacity in this approach. The trainings took place over two years in six (6) Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Over 150 persons from a range of sectors relevant to water resource management participated and contributed. The workshop gathered information on sectoral impacts, potential mitigation measures and challenges of hydro-climatic hazards. Capacity building and knowledge transfer was evaluated at two stages; at the end of the last day of training and 6 months after, as part of a monitoring and evaluation assessment. Both the initial and 6-month evaluations revealed significant knowledge transfer and subsequent institutional and policy impacts. Initial evaluation indicated 99% participant satisfaction with both training content and structure. In the six-month evaluation, 85% of participants indicated that the knowledge gained was used to improve their work performance and, in some cases, contributed to changes in institutional policy and frameworks.
keywords: کاهش خطر بلایا | خشکسالی و سیل | مشاوره با ذینفعان | کشورهای جزیره ای کوچک در حال توسعه | Disaster risk reduction | Drought and floods | Stakeholder consultations | Small island developing states
مقاله انگلیسی
70 تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی: بررسی ارتباطات برای پیشرفت علم پرستاری نظامی
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 30
زمینه: دانشمندان پرستار نظامی در شاخه های وابسته به خدمات گنجانده شده اند (ارتش ، نیروی دریایی ، نیروی هوایی) با مأموریت های مختلف ، اما با هدف منحصر به فرد تولید و انتشار تحقیقات موثر بر سلامتی و رفاه ذینفعان وزارت دفاع.
هدف: این پروژه همکاری بین تحقیقات پرستاری TriService را بررسی می کند اعضای برنامه (TSNRP) ، به دنبال فرصت هایی برای تقویت ، متنوع سازی و گسترش همکاری تحقیقاتی هستند.
روش: تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی (SNA) تحقیق تجربی از روابط بین بازیگران اجتماعی در سطوح مختلف تجزیه و تحلیل است . یک ارزیابی الکترونیکی SNA و نمونه برداری کلی برای بررسی همکاری های فعلی دانشمندان پرستار نظامی دکترای آماده (136 ( N= استفاده شد.
یافته ها: شبکه همکاری TSNRP دارای ساختار پیچیده خدمات محور است با بازیگران سطح بالا که دیگران به دنبال مشاوره ، دانش یا مهارت آنها هستند و به عنوان اتصالات یا پلهای مختلف در بین شعب خدمات فعالیت می کنند.
بحث: از نظر دانشمندان نظامی ، SNA در شناسایی افراد با نفوذ ، تجسم فرصت های مشاوره درون خدماتی ، طراحی سیاست های پاسخگو و جهت دهی فرصت های شغلی برای دانشمندان تازه کار نقش مهمی دارد.
کلید واژه ها: همکاری های حرفه ای دانشمندان پرستار | تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی | شبکه های اجتماعی | پرستاری نظامی | زمینه
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