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ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
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1 |
A qualitative study of the motivations for anabolic-androgenic steroid use: The role of muscle dysmorphia and self-esteem in long-term users
یک مطالعه کیفی روی انگیزه ها برای استفاده از استروئید آنابولیک - آندروژنیک: نقش دیسمورف عضله و اعتماد به نفس در کاربران بلند مدت-2018 Background
The use of Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among the non-competitive weightlifting community has increased considerably in the UK in recent years, presenting a public health issue. The motives behind use have received considerable attention, with motivations linked to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and more recently, muscle dysmorphia (MD). However, the causal roles of MD and self-esteem in AAS use remain unclear. Therefore, this paper examines the origins and changes to motivations in long-term users.
Methods
A qualitative study recruited eight male weightlifters from a needle exchange programme in South Wales, UK. Participants were interviewed about their initial introduction to AAS and their motivations for initial and continued use.
Results
The interview data confirmed the importance of the training community in providing advice and guidance on AAS. Those interviewed cited some motivations for use which included self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, MD, social acceptance, and age-related concerns. Implicit in these motivations was a psychological addiction to the positive effects following AAS use, which for some men, had led to psychological dependency and body image pathology.
Conclusions
The changes in motivations described by the AAS users provide key insights into the complex nature of AAS use. For some men, low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and MD precede AAS use, and for others, they are consequences of use. These findings have significant implications for future research and public health initiatives.
keywords: Anabolic-androgenic steroids |Motivations |Muscle dysmorphia |Self-esteem |Body dissatisfaction |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
“Raw juicing” – an online study of the home manufacture of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for injection in contemporary performance and image enhancement (PIED) culture
آبمیوه گیری خام - یک مطالعه آنلاین روی ساخت خانگی استروئیدهای آنابولیک آندروژنیک برای ترزیق در ارتقای همزمان عملکرد و وجهه فرهنگ-2018 Background
New evidence with regard to an under documented practice – the home manufacture of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for injection, known as ‘homebrewing’ – in contemporary injecting performance and image enhancing drug (PIED) culture is the subject of this paper.
Methods
Data was collected from five publicly accessible internet discussion forums and coded using NVivo software. For the purposes of this study, threads in relation to homebrewing (n = 14) were extracted from the final set of records for ethnographic content analysis.
Results
Motivation to perform homebrewing was largely grounded in the circumnavigation of unreliable online sourcing routes for AAS products, financial losses and potential harms associated with contaminated and counterfeit injectables. Instructions on how to perform homebrewing were found within discussion threads. Identified areas of concern included potential for sterility and dosing issues, injecting harms, isolation from health services.
Conclusion
This study provides a snapshot of online communal activity around practice of homebrewing AAS amongst individuals who inject AAS. Further research in this area is warranted, and will be of benefit to healthcare workers, treatment providers and policy makers particularly as this relates to evidence informed and targeted harm reduction policies and effective public health interventions.
keywords: Performance and image enhancing drugs |Anabolic androgenic steroids |Injecting drug use |Home manufacture of drugs |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Epileptic seizure prediction using relative spectral power features
پیش بینی صرع با استفاده از ویژگی های قدرت نسبی طیفی-2015 Objective: Prediction of epileptic seizures can improve the living conditions for refractory epilepsy
patients. We aimed to improve sensitivity and specificity of prediction methods, and to reduce the number
of false alarms.
Methods: Relative combinations of sub-band spectral powers of electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings
across all possible channel pairs were utilized for tracking gradual changes preceding seizures. By using a
specifically developed feature selection method, a set of best candidate features were fed to support
vector machines in order to discriminate cerebral state as preictal or non-preictal.
Results: Proposed algorithm was evaluated on continuous long-term multichannel scalp and invasive
recordings (183 seizures, 3565 h). The best results demonstrated a sensitivity of 75.8% (66 out of 87
seizures) and a false prediction rate of 0.1 h1. Performance was validated statistically, and was superior
to that of analytical random predictor.
Conclusion: Applying machine learning methods on a reduced subset of proposed features could predict
seizure onsets with high performance.
Significance: Our method was evaluated on long-term continuous recordings of overall about 5 months,
contrary to majority of previous studies using short-term fragmented data. It is of very low computational
cost, while providing acceptable levels of alarm sensitivity and specificity.
2014 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights
reserved
Keywords:
Epileptic seizure prediction
Relative spectral power
Feature reduction
Classification |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Coronary Artery Calcification
کلسیفیکاسیون عروق کرونر-2014 Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the general population and in patients with coronary artery disease. The pathogenesis of CAC and bone formation share common pathways, and risk factors have been identified that contribute to the initiation and progression of CAC. Efforts to control CAC with medical therapy have not been successful. Event-free survival is also reduced in patients with coronary calcification after both percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and bypass graft surgery. Although drug-eluting stents and devices for plaque modification have modestly improved outcomes in calcified vessels, adverse event rates are still high. Innovative pharmacologic and device-based approaches are needed to improve the poor prognosis of patients with CAC.
Key Words:coronary artery calcification;coronary artery disease;PCI |
مقاله انگلیسی |