با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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Three conversation practices illuminating how children’s views and wishes are explored in care proceedings: An analysis of 22 children’s spokespersons’ accounts
سه روش مکالمه که چگونگی بررسی دیدگاهها و خواستههای کودکان در رسیدگیهای مراقبتی را روشن میکند: تحلیلی از گزارشهای سخنگویان 22 کودک-2021 There is a growing literature on how children are heard in the field of child welfare, often with indications of how
difficult it may be to fulfil their right to be heard. This article examines children’s spokespersons’ accounts of
speaking with children in care proceedings about their views and wishes. The study consists of interviews with
22 children’s spokespersons in Norway. Study findings question whether children in care proceedings understand
the invitation to voice their wishes as confined to matters relating to the proceedings. Based on their accounts of
their practices, spokespersons tend to respond to children’s wishes with efforts to orientating them to their
current situation and a negotiation that will make the wishes more feasible in the eyes of the representative. The
spokespersons’ accounts of the conversations display conversational dynamics in which children’s views and
wishes are explored, through types of practices identified as practices of fidelity, of structuration and of argu-
mentation. The understanding of conversation dynamics that these findings provide may further meaningful
engagement and enable a more attentive exploration of children’s views and wishes. The findings provide
important insights for professions that bear the task of enabling children’s participation. keywords: نمایندگی کودکان | حفاظت از کودکان | مشارکت | مراحل مراقبت | حقوق کودکان | دوران کودکی | Children’s representation | Child protection | Participation | Care proceedings | Children’s rights | Childhood |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Knowledge, beliefs and management of childhood fever among nurses and other health professionals: A cross-sectional survey
دانش، باورها و مدیریت تب دوران کودکی در پرستاران و سایر متخصصان بهداشت و درمان: یک مرور مقطعی-2021 Background: Fever phobia, the unfounded fear regarding the potential harms of fever in children, has been
internationally documented among parents. This fear causes anxiety in parents and health professionals are
regularly consulted for advice.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, beliefs and recommended treatments among
Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians in the management of febrile children.
Design, setting and participants: This was an online cross-sectional survey of Australian nurses, pharmacists,
general practitioners and paediatricians designed to evaluate the knowledge and preferred recommendations in
the management of febrile children.
Methods: The health professionals were recruited via Facebook. Demographic information, knowledge, beliefs
and preferred treatments were collected through the online survey, and responses were compared across
professions.
Results: Of the 839 health professionals who completed the survey, 52.0% correctly identified a fever as 38 ◦C or
above. Overall, 23.6% underestimated the temperature that constitutes a fever. Respondents reported concerns
leaving fever untreated in children, with dehydration (65.1%), seizures (65.2%), serious illness (34.4%) and
brain damage (29.9%) the most common concerns. Pharmacists were more likely to hold these concerns. The
beliefs that reducing a child’s fever with medication will reduce the risk of harm (34.7%) and prevent febrile
convulsions (51.1%) were prevalent among respondents. These beliefs were more common among pharmacists.
Pharmacists were also more likely to recommend parents monitor a child’s temperature (48.5%) and give
medication to reduce fever (64.6%).
Conclusions: Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians reported many mis-
conceptions surrounding the definition of fever, the potential harms of fever and its management, which may
perpetuate parental fears. These misconceptions were most common among pharmacists. Continuing profes-
sional development is essential to ease unfounded concerns and ensure the safe and judicious care of febrile
children. keywords: تب | کودک | پرستاران | داروسازان | پزشکان عمومی | مرورها و پرسشنامه ها | Fever | Child | Nurses | Pharmacists | General practitioners | Paediatricans | Surveys and questionnaires |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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تأثیر آموزش شناختی مبتنی بر واقعیت مجازی بر کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اوتیسم
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 17 واقعیت مجازی (VR) یک محیط مصنوعی است که از طریق محرک های حسی که یک رایانه ایجاد میکند، تجربه می شود. قابلیت VR برای شبیه سازی واقعیت دسترسی به درمان های روانی را تا حد زیادی افزایش میدهد. برای تحلیل تأثیر آموزش ذهنی مبتنی بر VA روی کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اوتیسم (ASD) مدل آموزش مداخله زود هنگام و بازخورد هوشمند جزئی ایجاد شد. برای کمک به شدت علائم و اثربخشی درمان آموزش ذهنی مبتنی بر VA در کودکان مبتلا به ASD ، از لیست بررسی رفتار اوتیسم (ABC) ، مقیاس درجهبندی اوتیسم دوران کودکی (CARS) و مقیاس رفتار اوتیسم Clancy (کابین) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که آموزش ذهنی مبتنی بر VA برای کودکان مبتلا به ASD بسیار جذاب بود؛ آموزش ذهنی مبتنی بر VA علائم معمول (اختلال ارتباط اجتماعی ، تاخیر گفتاری، کم توجهی و رفتار جدی) کودکان مبتلا به ASD را به طور چشمگیری بهبود بخشید و طی 4 هفته پس از درمان لیست بررسی رفتار اوتیسم (ABC)، مقیاس درجهبندی اوتیسم دوران کودکی (CARS) و مقیاس رفتار اوتیسم را بهبود بخشید (کابین ها). داده ها حاکی از آن است که آموزش ذهنی مبتنی بر VA ممکن است روش خوبی برای درمان کودکان مبتلا به ASD باشد.
کلمات کلیدی : اختلال طیف اوتیسم | آموزش روانی کودکان | واقعیت مجازی | مداخله |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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Infection during childhood and the risk of violent criminal behavior in adulthood
عفونت درطی دوران کودکی و خطر رفتارهای جنایتکارانه در بزرگسالی-2020 Infections during brain development appear to contribute to cognitive impairment and aggressive behavior, as
well as to a number of developmental mental disorders closely associated with violent criminal behavior. Yet, no
study has thus far ever investigated whether infections during brain development increases the risk of violent
criminality later in life.
In this population-based cohort study, about 2.2 million individuals born in Sweden between the years 1973
and 1995 were included in an effort to estimate the association between infections during childhood (registered
ICD-10 diagnoses of infections incurred before the age of 14 years) and violent criminal behavior (registered
convictions for a violent crime between the ages of 15 and 38 years, prior to December 31, 2011). After inclusion
of several sociodemographic parameters, risks of violent criminal behavior conferred by childhood infections –
expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) – were calculated by means of Cox regression.
Mediation analyses were performed to explore the effect of psychiatric disorders on the association
between infections during childhood and violent criminality. Results revealed a modest, yet significant, association
between an infection during childhood and violent criminality later in life (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI
1.12–1.16). Infections during the first year of life and infections in the central nervous system were associated
with the highest risks of subsequent violent criminality (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.18–1.23, and adjusted HR
1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26, respectively). The association was partly mediated by the presence of a psychiatric
disorder.
In summary, independent of a wide range of covariates, our results suggest that infections during brain
development could be part of the genesis of violent criminal behavior. Keywords: Criminality | Violence | Psychiatric disorder | Cytokines | Immune response |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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General surgery of childhood in the UK: a general surgeons perspective
جراحی عمومی کودکی در انگلستان: دیدگاه یک جراح عمومی-2020 The future of general surgery of children as practiced in District General (DGHs) and Rural General Hospitals
(RGHs) by adult general surgeons and urologists is uncertain. It is likely that this is because of a combination
of the overall trend towards specialization, concerns about clinical risk; uncertainty within the profession
about the behavior of the regulator and criminal justice systemwhen considering cases of alleged incompetence;
reduced andmore targeted training time, curriculumchanges, and perhaps a concern by other specialties regarding
the ability of DGH and RGH surgeons to provide a safe service.
The impact of this on regional pediatric surgical units (RPSUs) is however considerable. While transfer of some
conditions such as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and intussusception is justifiable, transfer of others
such as undescended testis and suspected torsion is not.
Close communication between regional specialists and local generalists, preferably in the setting of a formal network,
together with a change in the priorities of local medical and nonmedical managers and cooperation between
competing Trusts is required. Strategies for dealing with the problem are available but require a change
in management and National Health Service (NHS) ethos to enact effectively.
Adherence to evidence-based best practice with the help of the “Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT)” initiative is
vital and, together with targeted publicity and encouragement, the trend may not be irreversible.
Level of evidence: Level V. Key words: General surgery of childhood | Pediatric surgery | Orchidopexy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Childhood trauma, psychiatric disorders, and criminality in women: Associations with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
اسیب در دوران کودکی ، اختلالات روانپزشکی و جنایت در زنان: ارتباط با سطح سرمی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز-2020 Psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF) plays a number of roles in neuronal survival, structure, and function. Data in the literature suggest
that it is a neurobiological substrate that moderates the impact of childhood adversities on the late expression of
psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether five childhood trauma subtypes—physical
abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect—are associated with adult psychiatric
disorders, BDNF levels, and criminality among incarcerated women. This was a cross-sectional study
involving a consecutive sample of 110 women, divided into three groups of women (forensic - mentally ill who
committed crimes, clinical psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus were applied in the whole sample, and BDNF levels
were measured in a sub-sample of 54 women. The rates of mental illness and childhood trauma were high in the
forensic group. Emotional abuse was higher in the clinical and forensic groups than in the healthy control group.
Lower BDNF levels were associated with emotional abuse in the forensic group as well as with sexual abuse in
the healthy control group. After multinomial logistic regression, lower levels of BDNF, higher levels of emotional
abuse and the presence of familial offense were considered factors related to clinical psychiatric group. The
results of this study underscore the idea that BDNF may be an important factor related to the development of
diseases and criminality in women who are victims of childhood trauma, becoming a possible biological marker. Keywords: BDNF | Biological markers | Child abuse | Abused woman | Crime |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The analysis of the effects of acute rheumatic fever in childhood on cardiac disease with data mining
تجزیه و تحلیل اثرات تب روماتیسمی حاد در دوران کودکی بر بیماری های قلبی با داده کاوی-2019 Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an important disease that is frequently seen in Turkey, it is necessary
to develop solutions to cure the disease. It is believed that new data analysis methods may be applied to
this disease, and this may be useful to discover previously unrecognized patterns. Data mining of existing records
and data repositories may improve knowledge on the diagnosis and management of ARF. In this regard, we
planned to make a contribution to the development of new solutions by approaching the problem from a different
standpoint.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of ARF undergone during childhood on the basis of
cardiac diseases by using data mining methods.
Materials and methods: Classification methods of data mining were used, and experiments were conducted on
five algorithms. The records of the patients diagnosed with ARF were analysed by setting models with naive
Bayes classifier, decision trees (CART, C4.5, C5.0, C5.0 boosted) and random forest algorithms. The performances
of the algorithms that were derived were then compared. Among model performance evaluation techniques,
the hold-out, cross-validation and bootstrap methods were tested in diverse ways in an applied manner.
Within the scope of the research, the dataset comprising records of 297 patients was utilised in cooperation with
İstanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital’s Pediatric Cardiology Clinic (İstanbul
Medeniyet Üniversitesi Göztepe Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Kardiyolojisi Kliniği). Data analysis was
carried out with the data of the remaining 201 patients following pre-processing.
Results: The results that were obtained from different algorithms were compared based on the model performance
evaluation criteria. The best result was shown under the CART model by using the hold-out technique
(80% training, 20% testing). According to this model, the importance values of the predictive attributes were
listed, and it was found that the “teleNormal” and “cardiomegaly” attributes were not required for ARF diagnosis
and treatment. In compliance with this result, it was thought that it should not be necessary for patients have a
chest x-ray which is needed for diagnosis of “teleNormal” and “cardiomegaly”. This will help reduce costs and
thus contribute to the health economy while preventing patients from having unnecessary x-rays.
Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study showed that data mining techniques may be used to analyse
diseases such as ARF. The important attributes that affect the disease were obtained in accordance with the
results. The results of the best model (CART) may be broadened in numerous ways and provide information for
both experienced and inexperienced physicians. This study is considered to be significant as it helps data mining
methods become more prevalently used for data analysis in fields of medicine and healthcare. Keywords: Data mining | Machine learning | Classifying methods | Naive bayes | C5.0 | CART | Random forest | Acute rheumatic fever | Acute rheumatic fever in childhood | ARF |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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بررسی نقش دلبستگی در رابطه بین سختی های دوران کودکی ، پریشانی روانی و رفاه ذهنی
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 13 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 35 سختی های دوران کودکی با طیف وسیعی از پیامدهای روانی مضر همراه است. این مطالعه نقش میانجی گر دلبستگی خاصی در رابطه (اجتناب و اضطراب) را در ارتباط بین سختی های دوران کودکی و پریشانی روانی و رفاه ذهنی مورد بررسی قرار داد. دانشجویان دانشگاه (N = 190) سراسر جمهوری ایرلند مقیاسهای خودگزارشی شامل مقیاس تجربیات نامطلوب دوران کودکی، تجربیات در روابط نزدیک - مقیاس ساختارهای رابطه، مقیاسهای اضطراب و استرس افسردگی و مقیاسهای بهزیستی ذهنی را تکمیل کردند. صد و بیست و هشت شرکت کننده (67.4٪) حداقل یک تجربه نامطلوب دوران کودکی را گزارش کردند. سختی های دوران کودکی با علائم پریشانی روانی و رفاه ذهنی مرتبط بود. تمام این روابط توسط ابعاد دلبستگی رابطه ای خاص میانجیگری میشوند. از این میان، اضطراب دلبستگی در روابط عمومی برجسته ترین میانجی برای پریشانی روانی و رفاه ذهنی بود. دلبستگی به پدر و شریک عشقی خود هیچ تاثیر میانجیگری بر روی این روابط نداشت. این یافته ها نشان می دهد که دلبستگی، به ویژه دلبستگی در روابط، عامل مهمی در ارتباطات بین سختی های دوران کودکی و پریشانی روانی و رفاه ذهنی در بزرگسالی است. اضطراب دلبستگی فرد در روابط عمومی به ویژه در این وابستگی ها اهمیت دارد. مداخلات درمانی برای پرداختن به این حوزه های دلبستگی ممکن است اثرات مضر ناملایمات دوران کودکی را خنثی کند. تحقیقات آینده با استفاده از طراحی طولی مورد نیاز است.
کلید واژه ها: سختی های دوران کودکی | دلبستگی | افسردگی | اضطراب | میانجیگری | رفاه ذهنی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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اختلالات عصبی راه رفتن در دوران کودکی
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 17 تعداد بیشماری از بیماری های عصبی وجود دارد که ممکن است بصورت اختلالات راه رفتن در دوران کودکی ظاهر شود. شم بالینی و تجربه در تشخیص این اختلالات بسیار مفید هستند، برخی از اصول اساسی ِارزیابی و تشخیص، برای تعیین پدیده شناسی و دوره زمانی ، محلی سازی عصب شناسی مفید هستند.
در این مقاله ما بر برخی از شایع ترین اختلالات حرکتی ناشی از طرز قرار گرفتن بدن (از جمله اسپاستیسیت و دیستونی یا همان بدقوامی ماهیچه)، حرکات وارده (از جمله کوریا و میوکلونوس) و اختلالات کنترل نرون های حرکتی (از جمله اختلالات عصبی-عضلانی و آتاکسی) تمرکز داریم. شماری از مطالعات موردی برای تشریح مفاهیم واقعی صورت گرفته است.
کلمات کلیدی: آتاکسی | کوریا | دیستونی | اختلالات راه رفتن در دوران کودکی | میوکلونوس | اسپاستیسیت |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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نسبت تعصب خصمانه در کودکان و نوجوانان: یک بررسی ادبی سیستماتیک در مورد تأثیر نوع و جنسیت پرخاشگری
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 28 نسبت قصد خصمانه در رابطه با توسعه و حفظ رفتار پرخاشگرانه در کودکان طی بیش از سی سال مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفتهاند. در این زمان، عواملی از قبیل زیرگونه ها در عملکرد (واکنش پذیر در برابر کنشگرا) و شکل (رابطهای در برابر جسم) پرخاشگری و همچنین تعدیل کننده هایی از پرخاشگری، مانند جنسیت، در افزایش جزئیات در رابطه با نسبت قصد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتهاند. مقاله حاضر مقالات مربوط به قصد خصمانه و رفتار پرخاشگرانه در کودکان و نوجوانان را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد که در زیر در نظر گرفتن زیرمجموعه و تاثیر جنسیت مورد توجه قرار میگیرد. نتایج ۲۷ مقاله تحقیقاتی تجربی نشان میدهد که تعصبات نسبت به قصد خصمانه (۱) به طور پیوسته به واکنش انفعالی نسبت به پرخاشگری واکنشی مرتبط هستند (۲) نشان میدهند که شواهدی برای مسیرهای جداگانه بین پرخاشگری رابطهای و فیزیکی و تعصب مربوطه، و (۳) با پرخاشگری در هر دو جنس مرتبط هستند، بدون هیچ تفاوت جنسیتی روشن در قدرت ارتباطی. مفاهیم برای آموزش شناختی برای کاهش گرایش نسبت به رفتار پرخاشگری در دوران کودکی و دیدگاه حوزههای تحقیقاتی دیگر در این زمینه بیشتر مورد بحث قرار میگیرند.
کلید واژه ها: تعصب و متعصب خصمانه | پرخاشگری واکنشی | پرخاشگری کنشی | پرخاشگری ارتباطی | پرخاشگری فیزیکی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |