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نتیجه جستجو - رای گیری

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 15
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Secure mobile internet voting system using biometric authentication and wavelet based AES
سیستم رای گیری اینترنتی تلفن همراه با استفاده از احراز هویت بیومتریک و AES مبتنی بر موجک-2021
The number of mobile phone users increases daily, and mobile devices are used for various applications like banking, e-commerce, social media, internet voting, e-mails, etc. This paper presents a secure mobile internet voting system in which a biometric method authenticates the voter. The biometric image can either be encrypted at the mobile device and send to the server or process the biometric image at the mobile device to generate the biometric template and send it to the server. The implementation of biometrics on mobile devices usually requires simplifying the algorithm to adapt to the relatively small CPU processing power and battery charge. This paper proposes a wavelet-based AES algorithm to speed up the encryption process and reduce the mobile device’s CPU utilization. The experimental analysis of three methods(AES encryption, wavelet-based AES encryption, and biometric template generation) exhibits that wavelet-based AES encryption is much better than AES encryption and template generation. The security analysis of three methods shows that AES and wavelet-based AES encryption provides better security than the biometric template’s protection. The study of the proposed internet voting system shows that biometric authentication defeats almost all the mobile-based threats.
Keywords: Internet voting | Fingerprint template | Iris code | AES encryption | Wavelet based AES encryption
مقاله انگلیسی
2 What accounts for Duvergers law? The behavioral mechanisms underpinning two-party convergence in India
چه قانونی برای قانون دوروگر؟مکانیزم های رفتاری همگرایی دو حزب در هند-2021
Duverger’s Law states the single-member district plurality rules should produce two-party competition. In district-level election races where this expectation holds, what political behaviors—ranging from elites’ strategic formation of political parties to voters’ strategic abandonment of losing candidates—account for these outcomes? Using data from state elections in India, this article demonstrates that no single mechanism accounts for most electoral outcomes consistent with Duverger’s Law. However, mechanisms related to the behavior elites, far more than voters, produce convergence on two-party competition. This article uncovers relatively little evidence of outcomes driven by strategic voting, instead finding that much of the convergence on two parties is attributable to various forms of strategic entry in which parties selectively field candidates in certain races. In particular, elite collusion—when multiple parties coordinate on where to field candidates—is especially important. Data from other countries confirm that these findings are not unique to India.
keywords: قوانین انتخاباتی | قانون دوروگر | هماهنگی انتخابات | رای گیری استراتژیک | هندوستان | Electoral rules | Duverger’s law | Electoral coordination | Strategic voting | India
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Does voting on tax fund destination imply a direct democracy effect?
آیا رای دادن به مقصد صندوق مالیاتی بر اثر دموکراسی مستقیم دلالت دارد؟-2020
Does giving taxpayers a voice over the destination of tax revenues lead to more honest income declarations? Previous experiments have shown that giving participants the opportunity to select the organization that receives their tax funds tends to increase tax compliance. The aim of this paper is to assess whether this increase in compliance is induced by the sole fact of giving subjects a choice—a “direct democracy effect”. To that aim, we ask participants to a tax evasion game to choose, in a collective or individual choice setting, between two very similar organizations which provide the same social (ecological) benefits. We elicit compliance for both organizations before the choice is made so as to control for the counter-factual compliance decision. We find that democracy does not increase compliance, and even observe a slight negative effect—in particular for women. Our results confirm the existence of a commitment effect of democracy, leading to favor more the selected organization when it was actively chosen.
The commitment effect of democracy is however not enough to overcome the decrease in the level of compliance. Thanks to response times data, we show that prior choice on similar options as compared to a purely random selection weakens the preference for honesty. One important field application of our results is that democracy in tax spending must offer real choices to tax payers to improve compliance.
Keywords: Commitment | Direct democracy effect | Voting | Tax evasion game
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Comfort evaluation of seasonally and daily used residential load insmart buildings for hottest areas via predictive mean vote method
ارزیابی راحتی ساختمانهای بار مسکونی فصلی و روزانه برای گرمترین مناطق با استفاده از روش پیش بینی میانگین رای گیری-2020
tIn this paper, two energy management controllers: Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Fuzzy Mam-dani (BPSOFMAM) and BPSOF Sugeno (BPSOFSUG) are proposed and implemented. Daily and seasonallyused appliances are considered for the analysis of the efficient energy management through these con-trollers. Energy management is performed using the two Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies:load scheduling and load curtailment. In addition, these DSM strategies are evaluated using the meta-heuristic and artificially intelligent algorithms as BPSO and fuzzy logic. BPSO is used for scheduling of thedaily used appliances, whereas fuzzy logic is applied for load curtailment of seasonally used appliances,i.e., Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Two fuzzy inference systems are appliedin this work: fuzzy Mamdani and fuzzy Sugeno. This work is proposed for the energy management of thehottest areas of the world. The input parameters are: indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, occu-pancy, price, decision control variables, priority and length of operation times of the appliances, whereasthe output parameters are: energy consumption, cost and thermal and appliance usage comfort. More-over, the comfort level of the consumers regarding the usage of the appliances is computed using Fanger’spredictive mean vote method. The comfort is further investigated by incorporating the renewable energysources, i.e., photovoltaic systems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controllersas compared to the unscheduled case. BPSOFSUG outperforms to the BPSOFMAM in terms of energyconsumption and cost of the proposed scenario.
Keywords:Energy management | Thermal comfort | Appliance usage comfort | Fuzzy logic | Fuzzy inference systems
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Exploring the views of forest industry companies on the long-term forestry development in Russia: A case study in Republic of Karelia
بررسی دیدگاه های شرکت های صنعت جنگل در مورد توسعه بلند مدت جنگلداری در روسیه: یک مطالعه موردی در جمهوری کارلیا-2020
Forest industry companies are the chief exploiters of forest resources, and their day-to-day decisions and actions may have major implications for the sustainable development of forests, and for those who depend on them. Russian companies have a special place in this regard as they operate in the most forested country in the world and the local forest resources have considerable global effects. In this study, the concerns and views of an expert group from Russian wood harvesting companies in regard to forests and forestry development in the long term are scrutinized through a case study in Republic of Karelia, one of the main forest regions in Russia. The study employed a two-stage survey carried out by interviewing representatives from the companies in order to identify critical issues that they think will influence long-term forestry development. The survey combined an un- structured interview approach for the first stage and cumulative voting (CV) for the second. The identified data were summarized into a PESTE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Environmental) framework to obtain a general overview of the macro environments in the study area. The results show that the companies views were mainly influenced by the technological, political and economic issues faced by the Russian forestry sector last decades, while social and environmental dimensions were considered of minor significance. The companies did not refer to the concept of sustainable development. Forestry was largely associated with the management of own business demands.
Keywords: Bioeconomy | Sustainable development | Strategic planning | Russia | Boreal forest | Cumulative voting
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Efficient, Coercion-free and Universally Verifiable Blockchain-based Voting
رأی گیری مبتنی بر بلاکچین کارآمد ، بدون اجبار و قابل تأیید جهانی-2019
Most electronic voting systems today satisfy the basic requirements of privacy, unreusability, eligibility and fairness in a natural and rather straightforward way. However, receipt-freeness, incoercibility and universal verifiability are much harder to implement and in many cases they require a large amount of computation and communication overhead. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based voting system which achieves all the properties expected from secure elections without requiring too much from the voter. Coercion resistance and receipt-freeness are ensured by means of a randomizer token – a tamper-resistance source of randomness which acts as a black box in constructing the ballot for the user. Universal verifiability is ensured by the append-only structure of the blockchain, thus minimizing the trust placed in election authorities. Additionally, tallying the votes has linear overhead, hence our system is scalable and practical for large scale elections.
Keywords: Internet voting | blockchains | coercion resistance | receipt-freeness | universal verifiability | commitments | zkSNARKs
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Simulation of transaction malleability attack for blockchain-based e-Voting
شبیه سازی حمله انعطاف پذیری معامله برای رای گیری الکترونیکی مبتنی بر بلاکچین-2019
Blockchain has been adopted to address significant challenges, such as trust in diverse do- mains, including voting, logistics and finance. However, transaction malleability has been identified as a threat for blockchain, which can potentially lead to an inconsistent state that can result in further attacks such as double-spending. In this context, this paper is fo- cused on investigating the feasibility of transaction malleability within a typical blockchain application aiming to identify scenarios that may lead to a successful transaction malleabil- ity attack. Our objective in doing so is to highlight conditions which cause such attack to facilitate the development of protection mechanisms for them. Specifically, this paper presents a successful simulation of transaction malleability attack within the context of blockchain-based electronic voting. The evaluation has identified the impact of parame- ters, such as network delay and block generation rate in achieving a successful transaction malleability attack, which highlights future directions of research.
Keywords: Blockchain | Transaction Malleability | Blockchain Security | Security Evaluation | e-Voting
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Investigating performance constraints for blockchain based secure e-voting system
بررسی محدودیتهای عملکرد سیستم رای گیری الکترونیکی ایمن مبتنی بر بلاکچین-2019
Voting is one of the fundamental pillars of modern democracy. Continuous efforts have been made to strengthen the processes and methods involved to achieve verifiable, transparent voting systems. In recent years, blockchain has been increasingly used to address multi-dimensional challenges across widespread application domains including healthcare, finance and e-voting. However, achieving an efficient solution via use of blockchain requires consideration of a range of factors such as block generation rate, transaction speed, and block size which have a profound role in determining the overall performance of the solution. Current research into this aspect of blockchain is focused on Bitcoin with the objective to achieve comparable performance as of existing online payment systems such as VISA. However, there exists a gap in literature with respect to investigating performance constraints for wider application domains. In this paper, we present our efforts to address this gap by presenting a detailed study into performance and scalability constraints for an e-voting system. Specifically, we conducted rigorous experimentation with permissioned and permissionless blockchain settings across different scenarios with respect to voting population, block size, block generation rate and transaction speed. The experiments highlighted interesting observations with respect to the impact of these parameters on the overall efficiency and scalability of the e-voting model including trade-offs between different parameters as well as security and performance.
Keywords: Blockchain | E-Government | Blockchain scalability | E-voting | Electronic voting | Performance constraints
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Will aging voting machines cause more voters to experience long waits?
آیا پیرشدگی ماشین های رای گیری باعث خواهد شد تا رای دهنده های بیشتری انتظارات طولانی را تجربه کنند؟-2018
As the majority of voting machines in use today approach or exceed their expected lifetime, an increased number of voting machine failures are expected in upcoming elections. This study examines and quantifies the impact of less reliable voting machines, due to age, on the number of voters waiting longer than 30-min. G/G/s queue approximation and discrete event simulation are used in the analysis. Results show that if reliability measures — mean time between failures, mean time to repair, and availability — are within certain interval ranges, no additional voting machines are needed to ensure that no more than 5% of voters wait for longer than 30 min. However, significantly more voters would have long waits if the reliability of voting machines is poor. Accordingly, less reliable voting machines do not necessarily cause more voters to experience long waits. The proposed closed-form approximation formula and the simulation model are practical tools for election officials to evaluate the impact of less reliable voting machines on voting lines.
keywords: Voting operations |Simulation |Machine failure |Voting lines |Wait time distribution
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Regional banking instability and FOMC voting
ناپایداری بانکداری منطقه ای و رای گیری FOMC-2018
This study analyzes if regionally affiliated Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members take their districts’ regional banking sector instability into account when they vote. Considering the period 1979–2010, we find that a deterioration in a districts bank health increases the probability that this districts representative in the FOMC votes to ease interest rates. According to member-specific characteristics, the effect of regional banking sector instability on FOMC voting behavior is most pronounced for Bank presidents (as opposed to Governors) and FOMC members who have career backgrounds in the financial industry or who represent a district with a large banking sector.
keywords: FOMC voting |Regional banking sector instability |Interaction effects |Dodd–Frank Act
مقاله انگلیسی
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