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تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 6
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Reimagining the milk supply chain: Reusable vessels for bulk delivery
Reimagining زنجیره تامین شیر: ظروف قابل استفاده مجدد برای تحویل به صورت عمده-2021
Milk packaging has been analysed multiple times in pursuit of finding the most appropriate vessel from an environmental point of view. Research has concentrated on commercially available containers of 0.5 –2.5 litres, usually made from High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), paper- based cartons, or glass, with some studies considering a reuse scheme for glass bottles. Whilst applicable for household delivery, such a reuse scheme is not practical for delivery to cafés where large volumes of milk are used every day; little information is known about transportation of bulk volumes of milk in bigger vessels such as steel churns. This study compares a proposed milk supply chain using a mix of reusable stainless steel churns and reusable glass bottles with the current supply chain that uses single- use HDPE bottles, for transportation of milk to 10 cafés belonging to The University of Sheffield. A cradle- to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted using data obtained from the university and Our Cow Molly, a local dairy farm which delivers milk to the university. Sensitivity analysis was performed around the recycling rate of plastic bottles, water consumption for churn cleaning, the reuse rate of glass bottles and churns and the source of the on-farm electricity. The study suggests that the greenhouse gas emission can be lowered by approx. 6.5 tons of CO2 equivalent annually if the reuse scheme is applied (this equates to a 65% reduction for the processes analysed). Considerable savings are also reported in cate- gories such as water consumption, fossil resources depletion and cumulative energy demand. The reuse scheme is, however, likely to induce a similar or higher mineral resource use and higher environmental damage in the marine eutrophication category due to water treatment. Production of plastic bottles in the plastic scenario and maintenance and transport on the reusable side are the main contributors to the environmental impact. Further improvements in the reuse scenario could be achieved by reducing the amount of water used for cleaning and hence the electricity demand for water heating. The reuse scheme could also benefit environmentally from using an electric refrigerated van instead of a diesel vehicle.© 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment | Milk | Reuse | Plastic | Impact assessment | Carbon footprint
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Carbon emissions of coal supply chain: An innovative perspective from physical to economic
انتشار کربن از زنجیره تامین زغال سنگ: یک دیدگاه ابتکاری از فیزیکی تا اقتصادی-2021
Carbon emissions reduction is not only physical, but also rooted in powerful economic actions. Coal- related emissions reduction strategies mainly focus on the physical quantity of carbon emissions, rather than the economic efficiency. So it’s necessary to strengthen the analysis of carbon emission reduction strategies from the perspective of economic value. Based on the theory of coal supply chain management, this study builds a carbon dioxide accounting model of China’s coal supply chain. The indicators for the process-based carbon emissions and carbon emissions per unit of economic value of various coal products are evaluated from the perspective of the whole coal life cycle. The results show that the processing and conversion of coal are the most important sources of carbon emissions in the coal life cycle. Coal-fueled electricity is the largest contributor to carbon emissions of all coal products. The coal-to-heat process has the highest carbon emissions per unit of economic value. Emission reduction strategies for coal supply chain are given in this research from both the physical and economic perspective. To realize emission reduction based on the physical perspective, it’s helpful to decrease coal consumption by reducing the proportion of coal-fired power and the gas capture technology should be promoted to facilitate gas utilization. Implementing the coal transition to natural gas policy and developing heat recovery technology have an effect on carbon emissions reduction from the economic viewpoint of coal supply chain.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Coal supply chain | Life cycle assessment | Carbon footprint | Carbon emission
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Dairy sheep farms in semi-arid rangelands: A carbon footprint dilemma between intensification and land-based grazing
مزارع لبنی گوسفند در مراتع نیمه خشک: تشدید معضل رد پای کربن و چرای زمینی-2020
In recent decades there have been significant changes in land use and production orientation in certain marginal agricultural areas in the southwest of Spain. The abandonment of rainfed cereal crops and their change of use as natural pastures grazed by milk sheep, have led to an improvement in the profitability of the farms, greater industrialisation and a positive impact on rural development. This paper calculates the carbon footprint (CF) of farms in the context of life cycle assessment with the objective to identify the system that accounts for the lowest CF while maintaining adequate levels of profitability and revitalising the rural environment. The data were obtained through surveys carried out on dairy sheep farms of different typologies, ranging from the semi-intensive farms with small grazing areas, to the extensive farms with large areas of natural pastures. Findings could help farmers evaluate the environmental impact of their activities, while at the same time provide consumers with valuable evidence to be used in further marketing actions. Greenhouse gas emissions vary from 1.77 to 4.09 Kg CO2eq/kg of milk, where the lowest values correspond to the most intensive farms and the highest values to the most extensive and least productive farms. Enteric fermentation, followed by feeding, are the emissions with the greatest impact. Enteric fermentation reaches its maximum value (52.22 % of the total emissions) in the most extensive farms. On other hand, this study found that carbon sequestration varies between 0.09 and 2.04 kg of CO2eq/kg of milk, a figure that can considerably reduce the carbon footprint calculation and justifies its inclusion in the Life Cycle Assessment.
Keywords: Sheep farms | Extensive | Carbon footprint | Rangelands
مقاله انگلیسی
4 مطالعه ای بر کسب و کار شرکت ها در برابر تاثیرات محیطی تجارت الکترونیکی مد
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 12 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 27
ظهور کسب و کار تجارت الکترونیک با چالش های لجستیکی به ویژه مرتبط با پایداری محیطی همراه است. اگرچه تاثیرات محیطی تجارت الکترونیکی در سال های اخیر توجهات زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است، اما گستره دانش در این موضوع و راه حل های احتمالی خیلی محدود می باشد. این مقاله، با در نظر گرفتن تاثیرات محیطی مختلف خرده فروشی الکترونیکی پوشاک در مقابل فروش سنتی از جمله انتشار کربن، ضایعات و مصرف انرژی، با استفاده از داده های ثانویه تحلیل شده و با مطالعات اولیه مقایسه شده است. چهار بخش از زنجیره تامین که بر روی آن تمرکز شده است عبارت است از: بسته بندی، حمل و نقل، بازگشت دادن و در دسترس بودن. نتایج نشان می داد، تحت بیشتر شرایط ها خرید آنلاین برای محیط بهتر از خرید بازاری می باشد، اما فاکتور های واسطه ای همچون بسته بندی بیش از حد، سرعت حمل و نقل و یا عودت پوشاک، رد پای کربن و ضایعات بیشتری به محیط اضافه می کند. از آنجا که خرید آنلاین با پیشرفت ممتد تکنولوژی به تدریج در حال کارآمدتر می شوند، خرده فروشی الکترونیک پوشاک سازگار شده است تا مدل های کسب و کار دوست دار محیط زیست که موجب کاهش یا حتی معکوس کردن اثرات محیطی منفی ایجاد شوند.
کلید واژه ها: مد | شرکت | تجارت الکترونیک | محیط زیست | اثر
مقاله ترجمه شده
5 The Sustainable Infrastructure through the Construction Supply Chain Carbon Footprint Approach
زیرساخت های پایدار از طریق روش پایه کربن زنجیره تأمین ساخت و ساز-2017
The sustainable development concept is an important issue in construction industry, which becomes important mainly because of its role in infrastructure provision. Infrastructure availability will affect economic growth and increase a countrys competitiveness. Indonesia as a developing country still needs to build a lot of physical infrastructure. The concept of sustainable infrastructure development is in line with the Indonesian governments development plans for the period of 2014-2015 called Nawa Cita. Carbon footprint modelling is one of the methods that contributes to the realization of sustainable infrastructure development. This paper describes the approach of sustainable infrastructure development through carbon footprinting in the construction supply chain. In the construction industry, carbon footprinting gives information in total emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in every stage of a construction projects supply chain activities. In creating a carbon footprint model, life cycle analysis (LCA) is used as a supporting instrument to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in each stage of the supply chain activities. It is shown that the implementation of sustainable infrastructure development needs a synergy from all parties involved in the construction supply chain.
Keywords: Sustainable development concept | carbon footprint
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Environmental sustainability of agri-food supply chains in Italy: The case of the whole-peeled tomato production under life cycle assessment methodology
پایداری زیست محیطی زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی کشاورزی در ایتالیا: مورد تولید گوجه فرنگی پوست کنده کنسرو شده از طریق روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات-2017
This life cycle assessment aimed to identify the impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions expressed as kgCO2eq 100- year Global Warming Potential (GWP100) in the whole peeled canned tomato production, considering all the supply chain steps. This study involved companies located in the Southern Italy who produce tinned tomatoes in 400 g tin cans. Tomato production throughout the field, processing, waste treatment, transport and post-consumers waste disposal phases were investigated. The analysis was conducted using a life-cycle approach, the related process flow chart and the relevant mass and energy flows for each production step were identified. Primary data were collected from farmers and processing companies located in the Capitanata plain (Southern Italy), whereas Ecoinvent (v 3.1) provided secondary data. The assessment was carried out by using the ILCD 2011 midpoint method. As regards greenhouse gas emissions, results showed that waste produced during the processing phase was the main contributor to the total environmental impact, followed by the packaging and cropping phase. Mineral fertilization especially nitrogen supply had the highest burdens for the growth phase. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the overall benefit achievable from different mitigation options, highlighting as the composting process and the use of compost replacing the mineral fertilization improved greatly the environmental sustainability of tomato supply chain.
Keywords: GHG emissions| Waste management | Carbon footprint |Global warming potential
مقاله انگلیسی
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