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Paradoxes and mysteries in virus-infected supply chains: Hidden bottlenecks, changing consumer behaviors, and other non-usual suspects
پارادوکس ها و رمز و رازها در زنجیره های تأمین آلوده به ویروس: گلوگاه های پنهان ، تغییر رفتار مصرف کننده و سایر مظنونان غیر معمول-2021 In the early onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., consumers experienced surprising
shortages of essential goods such as toilet paper, yeast and flour, and some of their favorite meat
cuts that appeared to be unrelated to the pandemic at first look. The “usual” explanations
attributing these shortages to “demand spikes” (e.g., foreign suppliers, trade wars and tariffs, and
“hoarding behavior” of panicked consumers) often failed to explain them, and in the best of
cases, predicted only temporary shortages. However, shortages in these supply chains ended up
being in many cases real “supply chain struggles,” with their true causes going beyond the “usual”
ones, and revealing a set of deeper and “unusual causes.” Our detailed analysis of the affected supply chains identifies these overlooked failure factors and hidden causes. Our underestimated
causes include demand shifts among market segments, siloed demand planning, bottlenecks in
shared resources such as transportation and distribution, and supply chain structures driven by
the economics of an efficiency era that failed in a risk-fraught environment.
We conclude on the profound lessons learned from the pandemic crisis on supply chains, and
the implied challenges to address for building resilient supply chains for the future. The resilient
supply chains of the future require rethinking the relevant “systems” we plan and optimize (e.g.,
firm, industry, region, global factor resources, etc.). The usual answer of building firm-specific
redundancy of assets and operational flexibility might be prohibitive in the level of investment
required for any one firm, or their financial stakeholders, to pursue and accept.
Keywords: supply chain | pandemic | essential goods | shortages |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Beyond mystery: Putting algorithmic accountability in context
فراتر از رمز و راز: پاسخگویی الگوریتمی در زمینه-2019 Critical algorithm scholarship has demonstrated the difficulties of attributing accountability for the actions and effects of
algorithmic systems. In this commentary, we argue that we cannot stop at denouncing the lack of accountability for
algorithms and their effects but must engage the broader systems and distributed agencies that algorithmic systems exist
within; including standards, regulations, technologies, and social relations. To this end, we explore accountability in ‘‘the
Generated Detective,’’ an algorithmically generated comic. Taking up the mantle of detectives ourselves, we investigate
accountability in relation to this piece of experimental fiction. We problematize efforts to effect accountability through
transparency by undertaking a simple operation: asking for permission to re-publish a set of the algorithmically selected
and modified words and images which make the frames of the comic. Recounting this process, we demonstrate slippage
between the ‘‘complication’’ of the algorithm and the obscurity of the legal and institutional structures in which it exists.
Keywords: Algorithms | normativity | accountability | responsibility | mystery | detective |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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رفع ابهام ازبیتکوین: پرده برداری از افسانه ارز دیجیتال
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 16 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 20 بیتکوین و سیستم معاملاتی عجیب و غیر متمرکز آن، در حال حاضر مورد علاقه معامله گران حرفه ای و خرده پای در جستجوی سود و مورد توجه اقتصاددانان و کارشناسان قانونی به دنبال قوانین احتمالی برای محدود کردن استفاده های غیر قانونی، است. ما به بررسی موفقیت غیر منتظره و مداوم بیتکوین از یک دیدگاه جامعه شناختی علاقه مند هستیم، که سوال اول در این راستا، سیستم مشروعیت غیر معمولی آن، که به جای اختیارات دولتی، بافن آوری بلاکچین پشتیبانی می شود، است. سپس به جمع آوری داده و المان هایی پرداختیم که تاریخچه بیتکوین را به عنوان یک رمزنگاری ارزی (ارز دیجیتال) بازسازی می کند که از داستان پر رمز و راز آن آغاز می شود که تولد آن را در برگرفته است. ما سپس، گسترش و توسعه آن را از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی و زبان کلمات، همراه با شیوع و توسعه عظیم ناگهانی آن پیگیری می کنیم و در آخر پیشنهاد می دهیم که مصرف کنندگان و قانون گزاران نهادی باید نسبت به ریسک های بیتکوین و قدرت ادعایی آن که مفهوم پول ما را به چالش کشیده است، هوشیار باشند.
کلمات کلیدی: بیتکوین | ارز دیجیتال | تکنولوژی بلاکچین (زنجیره بلوکی) | طرح های پونزی | اعتماد به پول |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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Coupling ecological and social network models to assess ``transmission and ``contagion of an aquatic invasive species
مدل های شبکه های اجتماعی و زیست محیطی جفت برای ارزیابی `` انتقال و `` سرایت از گونه های مهاجم آبزی-2017 Network analysis is used to address diverse ecological, social, economic, and epidemiological questions,
but few efforts have been made to combine these field-specific analyses into interdisciplinary approaches
that effectively address how complex systems are interdependent and connected to one another. Iden
tifying and understanding these cross-boundary connections improves natural resource management
and promotes proactive, rather than reactive, decisions. This research had two main objectives; first,
adapt the framework and approach of infectious disease network modeling so that it may be applied to
the socio-ecological problem of spreading aquatic invasive species, and second, use this new coupled
model to simulate the spread of the invasive Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) in a reservoir
network in Southeastern Nebraska, USA. The coupled model integrates an existing social network model
of how anglers move on the landscape with new reservoir-specific ecological network models. This
approach allowed us to identify 1) how angler movement among reservoirs aids in the spread of B.
chinensis, 2) how B. chinensis alters energy flows within individual-reservoir food webs, and 3) a new
method for assessing the spread of any number of non-native or invasive species within complex, social
ecological systems.
Keywords: Bellamya chinensis | Chinese mystery snail | Ecological network analysis | Epidemiological network analysis | Social network analysis | Ecopath with Ecosim | Aquatic invasive species |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Mystery, Inc:: A Big Data case
رمز و راز، شرکت: مورد داده های بزرگ-2017 This case introduces you to the concepts of Big Data and data analytics in conjunction with
AU 316, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, and journal entry testwork.
You will assume the role of a staff auditor and assist the engagement senior with journal
entry testwork and data analyses for Mystery, Inc.’s 20x3 fiscal year. In the first part of
the case, you will perform journal entry planning and scoping procedures, which will then
be passed on to the engagement data analytics team. In the second part of the case, you will
analyze the Big Data output prepared by the data analytics team to identify anomalies and
to propose follow-up audit fieldwork. To prepare you for the case and to build your under
standing of Big Data and data analytics, the engagement partner has also provided you a
few pages of background reading on the subject matter. By completing the Mystery, Inc.
case, you will gain an understanding of Big Data and AU 316 within the context of a finan
cial statement audit, and supplement your analytical and higher order thinking skillset.
Keywords:Big Data|Data analytics|AU 316 (SAS 99)|Journal entry test work |
مقاله انگلیسی |