با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
Farmers’ perceptions and management of risk in rice/shrimp farming systems in South-West Coastal Bangladesh
برداشت کشاورزان و مدیریت ریسک در برنج / میگو و سیستم های کشاورزی در جنوب غربی ساحل بنگلادش-2020 Farmers in Bangladesh face considerable risk due to fluctuations in biophysical and economic conditions, but the
response to these risks is poorly understood. In particular, there is a need to better understand the endogenous
management of risk in the rice/shrimp farming systems that have emerged in the inner coastal zone of
Bangladesh. This paper draws on a case study of a typical rice/shrimp farming village in Khulna District to
explore: (a) farmers’ perceptions of risks and their management responses, (b) risk-return trade-offs within
small-, medium-, and large-farm households, and (c) the role of other farm and non-farm activities in mitigating
risks to household livelihoods. Farm-level data were collected through a reconnaissance survey, a village census,
household case studies, and a sample survey of 73 households. Representative farm budgets were constructed for
the three farm-size classes. The key performance indicators calculated were gross margin (GM), net income (NI),
and GM per workday of family labour. The riskiness of the rice/shrimp system was assessed for each farm type
using farmers’ estimates of low, normal, and high yields and prices to specify triangular distributions.
Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for GM, NI, and GM per workday were generated. A whole-farm
economic analysis was also conducted to assess the relative contributions of different sources of income for each
farm type. With access to saline water for shrimp farming in the dry season and fresh water for rice in the wet
season, farmers have developed and progressively adapted an alternating rice/shrimp farming system that has
minimised the trade-offs between the two crops and provides a good return to household and village resources
for all farm types. The system is subject to significant production and market risks, especially the shrimp
component. However, farmers have clearly perceived these risks and ameliorated them through a range of
production, marketing, and management strategies. With these risk management practices, the rice/shrimp
cropping system is economically viable, given the current variation in yields and prices. The greater risk associated
with the shrimp component was offset by the renewed stability of the rice component over the past
decade, and the risks of the whole cropping system were offset by other farm and non-farm sources of livelihood.
Development interventions need to work with farmers to provide further options (suitable rice varieties, solutions
to shrimp disease, improved village and transport infrastructure) if this resilience is to be maintained. Keywords: Production risk | Market risk | Risk management | Rice | Shrimp | Farming systems | Farm economics | Coastal environment | Sustainability |
مقاله انگلیسی |