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نتیجه جستجو - ریسک محیط زیست

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A global mapping template for natural and modified habitat across terrestrial Earth
یک الگوی نقشه برداری جهانی برای زیستگاه طبیعی و اصلاح شده در سراسر زیستگاه های زمینی-2020
The IPBES Global Assessment proposed five key interventions to tackle the drivers of nature deterioration. One of these proposals was to take pre-emptive and precautionary actions in regulatory and management institutions and businesses. Performance standards are tools that can be used to help achieve these interventions. The most influential standard is Performance Standard 6 (PS6) of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the World Bank Group. Institutions like the IFC invest in the private sector in developing countries, including in the infrastructure, agribusiness, forestry, oil, gas and mining sectors, all of which have the potential to cause large environmental impacts. A core element of PS6 outlines the need for the consideration of “natural and modified habitat” within investment screening processes. Here we use freely available data layers in combination to develop a new global layer that identifies natural and modified habitat. It is aligned with the IFC PS6 definitions of natural and modified habitat. However, we propose this layer as an output that can be used beyond the IFC and could be integrated into the investment decision making of global and regional banks, or the decision making of international corporations.
Keywords: International Finance Corporation Performance | Standard 6 | Biodiversity safeguards | Natural habitat | Modified habitat | Investment screening | Environmental risk
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The accessibility of data on environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals : are environmental risk assessments information on emissions with respect to international and European environmental information law?
دسترسی به داده ها و ارزیابی ریسک محیطی داروها :آیا اطلاعات مربوط به ارزیابی ریسک محیط زیست درباره انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای با توجه به قوانین بین المللی و اروپایی اطلاعات زیست محیطی است؟-2020
In the pharmaceutical sector, the right of access to environmental information is in most cases not feasible as the authorisation holders refer to commercially/industrial confidential information (CCI). However, CCI can not refuse access to environmental risk assessments (ERAs) if ERAs are to be classified as information on emissions. Pharmaceuticals inevitably enter the environment as a consequence of their intended use. This release is calculated in the ERA as predicted environmental concentration when a pharmaceutical is approved. The release of pharmaceuticals into the environment falls consequently under the term ‘emissions into the environment’. In addition, the ERAs assessing the risk of this release are to be classified as ‘information on emissions into the environment’. Therefore, the practiced secrecy of ERAs of pharmaceuticals and their official assessment reports is incompatible with Art. 4 Aarhus Convention, and the European and national implementing provisions for this article, which require access to such environmental information on emissions for everyone, irrespective of whether they concern CCI. With this legal disclosure obligation of ERAs, there is an enforceable right of access for everyone, which shows the necessity for establishing a publicly accessible database based on active pharmaceutical ingredients with substantiated information on the ERAs.
Keywords: Pharmaceuticals | Emission | Access to environmental information | Aarhus convention | Environmental risk assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
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