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Energy use flows in the supply chains of the world economy: A full account of both primary and intermediate inputs
استفاده از انرژی در زنجیره های عرضه اقتصاد جهانی: یک گزارش کامل از هر دو ورودی اولیه و متوسط-2021 As an extension of our previous work (Wu et al., 2019b), this study uses a positive accounting manner to track
the circulation of energy use via interregional trade, by taking a full account of indirect energy usage related
with primary inputs as well as intermediate inputs. The aggregate amount of interregional shift of energy
use is about six times larger than that recorded in the preceding work, revealing the robust flows of energy
use associated with intermediate products traded across global supply chains. The United States is a crucial
sink of energy use in the world, serving the leading net importer of energy use in final trade and the second
biggest net importer in intermediate trade. Around 60% of the energy use initiated by its final consumption
stems from other regions. For Mainland China as the third largest net importer of energy use in intermediate
trade and the leading net exporter in final trade, around 60% of local primary energy exploitation sinks into
final consumption abroad. For sustainable economic growth and efficient energy management, countries are
recommended to be further integrated in the international supply chains by accurately pinpointing their roles
in the trading market of energy use
keywords: biophysicalsupport | positiveaccounting | اقتصاد جهانی | منفعل | زنجیره تامین جهانی | Biophysicalsupport | Positiveaccounting | Worldeconomy | Tradeimbalance | Globalsupplychain |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A System of Systems Approach for Global Supply Chain Management in the Big Data Era
یک رویکرد سیستم های سیستم برای مدیریت زنجیره تامین جهانی در دوران داده های بزرگ-2018 Global supply chain management (GSCM) is increasingly complex
and managers find that traditional methods fall short in adequately addressing
many associated challenges. As such, it calls for innovative managerial
measures. In this paper, we discuss how the system of systems (SoS)
approach and big data technologies can be applied to improve GSCM. We first
show that the global supply chain is an SoS and examine various principles of
the SoS approach. Then, we review various big data related technologies
which are commonly employed in global supply chain management. After that,
we propose how big data related technologies can be incorporated into the
SoS approach to enhance global supply chain operations by presenting an
example. This paper provides practitioners a new perspective on how big data
related technologies can be used for global supply chain management with an
SoS mindset.
Key words: Global supply chain management, system of systems theory, big data, practitioners, managerial insights, action matrix |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology and Global Supply Chain Participation
چه حساب هایی برای رشد انتشار دی اکسید کربن در اقتصادهای پیشرفته و نوظهور لازم است؟ نقش مصرف، فناوری و مشارکت در کل زنجیره تامین-2017 This paper examines the driving forces behind the growth in carbon dioxide emissions in forty advanced and
emerging economies between 1995 and 2008. We use the global supply chain concept introduced in Timmer
et al. (2014) to measure CO2 emissions in internationally fragmented production networks and embed the
concept in structural decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that rising levels of domestic consumption
are related to increased carbon dioxide emissions in both advanced and emerging economies. A substantial
share of CO2 emissions growth in emerging economies is accounted for by increased participation in global
supply chains. However, even for countries that rapidly integrated in global production networks, such as
China, rising domestic consumption accounts for the majority of territorial emissions.
Keywords: CO2 emissions | Global supply chains | Global Multi-Regional Input-Output Model | Structural decomposition analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Rethinking the role of partnerships in global supply chains: A risk-based perspective
بازاندیشی نقش مشارکت در زنجیره تامین جهانی: دیدگاه مبتنی بر ریسک-2017 Growing global operations on one hand drive cost down substantially but on the other hand make the supply
chain more vulnerable to numerous risks. Confronted with increased risks, companies are more inclined to form
partnerships and engage in supply chain collaboration consciously. Such inclination for partnerships simulates
thinking of its incentives behind in association with risk management. However, traditional literature, confining
its focus to individual enterprise, echoes inadequately on the role of partnerships in supply chain risk
management. To bridge this gap, this paper refines the notion of risk in supply chains and proposes a model of
supply chain risk system which is able to convey a risk-based view of partnerships in global supply chains.
Through analytical inference it is shown that the level of collaboration among partners contributes to the
resilience of supply chains. This implies that partnerships can positively affect the integration of supply chain
risk system, thus benefiting operations in supply chains. A simulation program has been developed with aim to
demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed model. Implemented in simulation, two sets of experiments
have been conducted for testing the model in actual business scenarios. The experimental results manifest high
consistence with the analytical prediction.
Keywords: Partnerships | Supply chain risk management | Resilience | Modeling and simulation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Tracking mercury emission flows in the global supply chains: A multi-regional input-output analysis
ردیابی جریان های انتشار جیوه در زنجیره های عرضه جهانی: تجزیه و تحلیل ورودی-خروجی چند منطقه ای-2017 Mercury emissions from nonferrous metal production have overtaken that from energy consumption as
the leading contributor of global anthropogenic mercury emissions. Though Minamata Convention has
put restrictions on import or export of mercury-added products, the inter-connected global economy
that features an intensive correlated supply chain still has large impacts on mercury emissions. There
fore, this study aims to track global nonferrous metal related mercury emission flows among 186 indi
vidual economies for the year of 2010, by applying an empirically validated multi-regional input-output
(MRIO) model. The total amount of direct mercury emissions is 974 tonnes, to which gold production
contributed a dominant proportion. However, a spectacular 2/3 of mercury emissions from nonferrous
metal production were traded internationally, primarily as exports from emerging economies such as
mainland China and Colombia to wealthy economies including the USA and Germany through global
supply chains. Understanding the redistribution of mercury emissions along the global supply chains can
facilitate international efforts to reduce mercury emissions from nonferrous metal production.
Keywords:Global mercury emissions| Non-ferrous metals| Multi-regional input-output analysis| Global supply chains |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Corporate investments in supply chain sustainability: Selecting instruments in the agri-food industry
Corporate investments in supply chain sustainability: Selecting instruments in the agri-food industry-2017 Private investments to address environmental issues are perceived as a powerful engine of sustainability.
For the agri-food sector, multiple instruments have been developed to green supply chains. Yet little is
known about the underlying process and conditions under which green sourcing concerns lead to the
adoption of specific sustainability instruments among agri-food companies. This study: i) offers a syn
thesis of the most commonly used instruments agri-food companies adopt to promote sustainability in
their supply chains; ii) proposes an analytical framework to elucidate how those decisions are made,
based on the competitive environment in which firms operatedwith respect to location of their raw
materials, technologies available to their suppliers, leverage over upstream suppliers, and end-markets’
characteristics; and iii) presents seven case-studies illustrating the decision-making process leading to
the adoption of a specific instrument by a particular company. Companies that do not have sustainable
technologies available to improve their environmental practices but operate in highly sensitive places are
better off taking their operation somewhere else. But companies with available cleaner technologies,
effective law enforcement and control over the supply chains, as well as a brand to protect, can capitalize
on their environmental efforts by introducing strict standards, such as third-party certifications.
Enforcement of social and environmental regulations at countries of origin is a key factor that deters
companies form adopting very strict standards, even if they have a brand value to enhance. The
multiplication of private labels and initiatives are, in most cases, not driven by a desire to disorient the
consumer, but rather by a careful consideration of the complex conditions under which agri-food supply
chains operate. With minor adaptations, the framework could be applied to other economic sectors that
have environmental impacts, from mining and energy-generating industries, to apparel, and electronics.
Keywords:Environmental governance|Marked-based mechanisms|Global supply chains|Agri-food sector|Corporate social responsibility |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Trade in occupational safety and health: Tracing the embodied human and economic harm in labour along the global supply chain
تجارت در ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی: ردیابی آسیب های انسانی و اقتصادی مندرج در کار در طول زنجیره تامین جهانی-2017 Over the past years there has been enormous concern about labour conditions in developing countries
particularly around work for the export market. This study addresses human rights issues related to
Occupational Safety and Health for people suffering injuries from work demanded as a result of international trade arrangements. Here we present Occupational Safety and Health Footprints, which include
the number of work-related accidents that occur throughout the world and that are directly and indirectly linked to the consumption of products, calculated for every nations consumption bundle. OSHF
include fatal footprints, non-fatal footprints, days lost footprints and wages lost footprints per given year.
In order to calculate the OSHF, we used a comprehensive Multi-Regional Input Output MRIO table (Eora)
in addition to data from the International Labour Organization, ASEAN Occupational Safety and Health
Network (ASEAN-OSHNET) and others. This study finds that in 2010 there were 12 fatal and 4.8 thousand
non-fatal incidents, 27 thousand days lost and two million US$ lost in wages per 100 thousand workers
in supply chains worldwide. The results presented in this paper show hidden accidents throughout
global supply chains and hence can be used to apply pressure on international organisations, governments and focal companies to improve the conditions of workers, particularly in terms of OSH in the
workplace.
Keywords:Occupational safety and health| Social footprint|Occupational accidents footprint|Multi-regional input-output analysis|Global supply chains| International trade |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A facility location model for global closed-loop supply chain network design
یک مدل موقعیت مکانی برای طراحی شبکه جهانی زنجیره تامین بسته-2017 Forward and reverse supply chains form a closed-loop supply chain. In this paper, a
mathematical model is proposed for a closed-loop supply chain network by considering
global factors, including exchange rates and customs duties. The model is a multi-objective
mixed-integer linear programming model under uncertain demand. A solution approach
based on fuzzy programming is developed for solving the optimization problem. The model
is then applied in a network, which is located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. A sensitiv
ity analysis is provided to validate the model. This model considers global factors, multi
objectives, and uncertainty simultaneously in a closed-loop supply chain network.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Closed-loop supply chain | Global supply chain | Reverse logistics | Uncertainty |International business |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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یک برنامه نرم افزاری برای ارزیابی سریع ریسک در زنجیره تامین یکپارچه
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21 با حرکت به سمت زنجیره تامین جهانی و افزایش بروز رویدادهای ریسک داخلی و خارجی، ارزیابی ریسک زنجیره تامین (SCRM) به مولفه ای مهم در مدیریت زنجیره تامین تبدیل شده است. مدیریت کارآمد ریسک های زنجیره تامین نیازمند ارزیابی جامع و سریع همه عوامل ریسک در زنجیره تاکین و اثرات بالقوه آنان است. این مقاله چهارچوب برنامه نرم افزاری را برای ارزیابی سریع ریسک (RRA) در زنجیره تامین یکپارچه ارائه می کند. چهارچوب پیشنهادی روش های کمی و کیفی ارزیابی و اولویت بندی ریسک ها را ترکیب می کند. روش های کیفی براساس پیمایش هایی هستند که برای جمع آوری داده های احتمال ریسک و اثر عوامل اصلی در زنجیره تامین استفاده می شوند (مانند تامین کننده، مشتری، تولیدکننده و غیره). روش های کمی براساس نظریه احتمال و منطق فازی هستند. ریسک ها برای هر عامل در زنجیره تامین محاسبه شده و سپس برای هر نوع محصول انباشته می شوند. ابزار پیشنهادی RRA در محیط تولیدی به منظور ارزیابی روایی چهارچوب پیشنهادی تست شد. نتایج مطالعه موردی نشان دادند که ارزیابی حاصل شده توسط چهارچوب پیشنهادی با نظر متخصصان مدیریت ریسک در مورد سطوح ریسک و اولویت های شرکت ها همخوانی دارد.
کلیدواژگان: ارزیابی سریع ریسک | نظریه احتمال | منطق فازی | ماتریس اولویت ریسک | زنجیره تامین یکپارچه |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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توزیع در حال جدا شدن: تقسیم بندی کار و قرارداد بستن در لجستیک جهانی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 30 یک تمرکز پایدار از کار علمی بر روی شبکه های تولید جهانی (GPNs) روند ورود به شبکه های تولید و ظرفیت مکان ها برای شکل دادن به روش آن ها از ورود است. گاهی اوقات راه های این مسیرها بر اساس این ورود ها بر پایه یک مجموعه محروم، نادیده گرفته می شود. یک دیدگاه از هم جدا شدنی توجه ما را بر روی فعل و انفعال متقابل بین لحظات ورود و خروج را آموزش می دهد که تولید محدوده های جغرافیای نا برابر و سوابقی از توسعه را در کانون توجه عوامل محلی خاص بوده و چارچوبی برای درک تجربه های محلی ارائه می دهد. همچنان تحت فشار بی امان شرکت جهت بازسازی و بهبود عملکرد و نیاز همزمان به تجربه، به دلیل استراتژی شرکت برای شکل دادن تغییر و دوباره ساخت روابط ورود و خروج است. در تابع توزیع زنجیره عرضه جهانی، غالب استراتژی ارزش، فشاری رو به پایین بر روی هزینه نیروی کار ایجاد می کند، اما این شاید ثبات غیر واقعی را نشان می دهد. که با استفاده از داده های جمع آوری شده در مرکز توزیع، فقط در خارج از شیکاگو است. من نقش واسطه بازار کار در مذاکره دوباره مرزهای ورود را بررسی نمودم. این مقاله به بررسی فرآیندهای ارتباط و زدودن زیر مجموعه از کارگران و پیامدهای اختلافی برای بخش های کارگر و دلبستگی آن ها به زنجیره تامین می پردازد. ثبت شده در جذب مکان ها و کارگران به GPNs ، فرآیندهای در حال انجام جدا شدن، در این مورد از طریق استراتژی های بازار کار دنبال شده توسط شرکت های محلی و سازمان های نیروی انسانی موقت، بصورت آشکار هستند. این فرآیندها مکانیسم آشکار را طولانی تر می کند که روابط سرمایه کار در زنجیره تامین جهانی را دوباره تولید می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: شبکه های تولید جهانی | لجستیک | توزیع | بازار کار | عقد قرارداد است | درحال جدا شدن
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مقاله ترجمه شده |