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نتیجه جستجو - سیاست کارآفرین

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 10
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?
شرکت های نوآور جوان تا چه اندازه از مزایای سیاست برای استفاده از سازوکارهای اختصاصی نوآوری بهره می گیرند؟-2020
Innovative entrepreneurship is at the heart of economic development in all modern economic systems. However, we observe in several developed countries - especially Europe - a languishing in the capacity to foster creative destruction (i.e. Schumpeter Mark 1, SM1) dynamics and to create young innovative companies (YICs), capable to establish themselves as leaders in markets or become successful innovators. One key issue that is often ad- vocated in this respect is the deficit suffered from YICs in fully protecting their innovations and appropriating (at least in part) returns from them. The usage of formal (e.g., intellectual property rights) and informal (e.g., secrecy, lead time, access to complementary assets) instruments to protect intellectual property assets has the potential to overcome this difficulty. Different types of policy mechanisms have been put in place to help YICs. However, high implicit and explicit costs and barriers prevent YICs’ use of protection strategies, limiting the ability to generate SM1 dynamics or accessing market for ideas, even upon policy support. By relying on the resource-based view of the firm, our paper investigates to what extent a comprehensive set of policy measures recently introduced in the Italian context and focused on alleviating the hurdles suffered by YICs is associated with the choice of YICs to protect their innovations. The econometric analyses based on more than 1,600 Italian YICs show how the use of financial policy measures are associated to both formal and informal instruments, while labour policy measures are only related to formal ones.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Institutional reform | Young innovative companies | Intellectual property rights | Appropriation mechanisms
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Innovative start-ups and policy initiatives
ابتکارات نوآورانه و ابتکارات سیاسی-2020
Innovative start-ups can create and shape new industries and generate considerable economic and societal impacts. Accordingly, a variety of policy initiatives are aimed at promoting the establishment, growth and impact of innovative start-ups. Designing such policies is a challenging task, because most start-ups fail. In addition, only a small share of those start-ups will ultimately prove to be innovative, and very few of those will eventually become high impact firms. Hence, effective policies require a better understanding of the processes by which innovative start-ups are formed, developed and create impact, as well as of the heterogeneous nature inherent to innovative start-ups along with their development trajectory. This article reviews 39 policy in- itiatives from around the world and classifies their approaches to the phenomenon of innovative start-ups. By relying on insights from the papers mentioned in this special issue, we develop a process framework by ela- borating on (i) the antecedents of the creation of innovative start-ups, (ii) their founding characteristics, (iii) their behavior, and finally (iv) the outputs and impacts generated by them. Our framework highlights how policy initiatives, managerial issues and research approaches are conceptually different, depending on the specific stage of firm development. We conclude with implications for policy initiatives and further research.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Entrepreneurial process | Innovative start-up
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Fostering a local energy transition in a post-socialist policy setting
تقویت انتقال انرژی محلی در یک سیاست سیاست پسا سوسیالیستی-2020
We explore the conditions critical for the enactment of ambitious local energy transition in a post-socialist renewable energy policy environment that constrains local initiatives. We analyse the island of Krk (Croatia) as a unique case of shared vision of 100 % renewable energy in post- socialist countries. We apply Kingdon’s multiple-streams approach to advance the understanding of policy change in transitions literature by examining problem, policy and political streams. We investigate the political and policy landscape, multidimensional roles and interactions of key actors, and the governance mode. The underlying mechanism consists of the island community’s common interest – tourism, unprecedented political stability, and synchronized policy actions by the local self-governments, where the public utility inspires policy entrepreneurs to pursue new niches and policy proposals. A novel, inclusive and horizontal governance mode focused on is- land-level steering secures high-level support for new policy initiatives through coordination and a sense of co-creation and co-ownership.
Keywords: Local energy transition | Post-socialist energy transition | Political stability | Policy entrepreneurship | Novel governance mode | Local co-ownership
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Reorienting entrepreneurial support infrastructure to tackle a social crisis: A rapid response
تغییر مسیر زیرساخت های پشتیبانی کارآفرینی برای مقابله با بحران اجتماعی: یک واکنش سریع-2020
Chile is experiencing its worst economic and social crisis in decades, which is adversely impacting entrepreneurs and SMEs. Chile’s Economic Development Agency is seeking to support recovery efforts by reorienting its entrepreneurship programs and ecosystem support capacity. What makes the reorientation especially challenging is the need to ensure all actions are sensitive to the causes of the social unrest, where arguably extant entrepreneurship policy has played a role. Theory and evidence in entrepreneurship literature seem insufficient to inform immediate actions. In this rapid response paper, we leverage and translate research on ecosystem democracy, spontaneous venturing and entrepreneurship-enabled social cohesion to inform decision-making and contribute to the development of policy solutions. We propose an entrepreneurship policy reorientation model, including interventions during and post crisis, potentially capable of minimizing the effects of the crisis and changing the orientation of future support.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Crisis | Entrepreneurship policy | Rapid response | Chile
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Entrepreneurship policy and systemic conditions: Evidence-based implications and recommendations for emerging countries
سیاست کارآفرینی و شرایط سیستمی: پیامدها و توصیه های مبتنی بر شواهد برای کشورهای در حال ظهور-2020
Entrepreneurship policies are now widely spread among the general policy agenda in most of the countries. In particular, emerging countries started to focus on startups and young firms as potential engines of economic growth and structural transformation. Therefore, several governments from these countries are devoting significant efforts to develop their entrepreneurial ecosystems and promote the emergence of new dynamic firms. However, data on entrepreneurship in these countries is scarce leaving policymakers without a clear evidencebased platform for designing their policies and programs. This paper tries to contribute to this task in two manners. First, it presents a systemic conceptual approach to guide the design of entrepreneurship policies that explicitly includes the structural factors acting act as barriers in less developed contexts. Secondly, Based on the information from the IDE (Index of Dynamic Entrepreneurship) this study advances into the characterization of six different configurations of systemic conditions – three of which include emerging countries – analyzing their main strengths and weaknesses. Hence, this article provides a new evidence-based platform to identify and discuss the heterogeneity among ecosystems in emerging countries and suggests several policy recommendations for those governments that want to implement new entrepreneurship policies. At the same time, they introduce to the literature new concepts such as ‘systemic balance’ and ‘dual ecosystems’, which serve to characterize most of the observed configurations of systemic conditions for entrepreneurship in less developed regions. All in all, the results of this study would serve to guide policymakers to formulate their policies in a more contextualized framework.
Keywords: Emerging countries | Public policy | Entrepreneurship | Entrepreneurial ecosystems | Systemic approach
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act
سیاست کارآفرینی و تأمین اعتبار شرکتهای نوآورانه جوان: شواهدی از قانون راه اندازی ایتالیا-2019
While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Governmentguaranteed (GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments. Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we label as a Task segmentation effect.
Keywords: Young innovative companies | Venture capital | Government-guaranteed bank loan | Entrepreneurship policy | Policy measures coordination
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The rehabilitation of the mentally disabled in the community act in Israel: Entrepreneurship, leadership, and capitalizing on opportunities in policy making
بازسازی معلول ذهنی در عمل جامعه در اسرائیل: کارآفرینی، رهبری، و سرمایه گذاری در فرصت ها در سیاست گذاری-2019
This paper examines the role of policy entrepreneurs in the formation of a rehabilitation program in the field of mental health in Israel, shedding light on their role in general and specifically in mental health policy formation. Our research is based on a historical case study. The legislation process was examined through interviews with key actors in the legislative process and archival materials. While in general our findings reinforced existing literature, our research also revealed new information on several topics: organizations as policy entrepreneurs; inter-sectorial coalitions of entrepreneurs; and possible problems arising from the concept of ‘leadership by example.
Keywords: Policy formation | Policy entrepreneurs | Mental health policy | Mental health rehabilitation
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Retaining winners: Can policy boost high-growth entrepreneurship?
ایست برندگان: می تواند افزایش سیاست کارآفرینی با رشد بالا؟-2016
Article history:Received 20 September 2014 Received in revised form 6 June 2015 Accepted 9 June 2015Keywords:High-growth entrepreneurship High-growth policy impact Entrepreneurship policyPublic sponsorship Impact evaluationWe analysed the growth impact delivered by a high-growth entrepreneurship policy initiative over a six-year period. Using an eight-year panel that started two years before the initiative was launched and propensity score matching to control selection bias, we found that the initiative had more than doubled the growth rates of treated firms. The initiative had delivered a strong impact also on value- for-money basis. In addition to producing the first robust evidence on the growth impact delivered by a high-growth entrepreneurship initiative, we contribute to public sponsorship theory with the notion of capacity-boosting activities to complement previously discussed buffering and bridging activities.© 2015 Z. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
High-growth entrepreneurship | High-growth policy impact | Entrepreneurship policy | Public sponsorship | Impact evaluation
مقاله انگلیسی
9 ابقای برندگان : آیا سیاست می تواند کارآفرینی با رشد بالا را ترقی ببخشد ؟
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 14 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 51
ما در بازه زمانی شش ساله اثرات رشد را توسط ابتکار سیاست های کارآفرینی با رشد بالا را تجزیه و تحلیل کردیم . با استفاده از پانلی که ۲ سال قبل از این که این ابتکار عملیاتی شود و گرایش تطابق امتیازی جهت کنترل اریبی گزینش ما دریافتیم که ابتکار چیزی بیش تر از رشد دو برابری نرخی شرکت های مربوطه بوده است . این ابتکار تاثیر بسزایی را علی الخصوص برای پایه ارزش پول باز پس داده بود .علاوه بر این، جهت فراهم آوردن اولین گواه قوی مربوط به اثرات رشد که توسط ابتکار کارآفرینی با رشد بالا باز پس خورده است ما به تیوری حمایت عمومی با تصور تقویت ظرفیت فعالیت ها جهت کامل کردن فعالیت های میانگیری و اتصال که اخیرا مورد بحث واقع شد روی آوردیم .
کلید واژه ها : کارافرینی با رشد بالا | اثرات سیاست با رشد بالا | سیاست کارآفرینی | حمایت عمومی | ارزیابی اثرات
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 Social Enterprise, Policy Entrepreneurs, and the Third Sector: The Case of South Korea
شرکت اجتماعی، سیاست کارآفرینان، و بخش سوم: مورد کره جنوبی-2015
The U.S. and the U.K. are considered as successful models of social enterprise. The Korean government benchmarked these two models in the hope of achieving similar success, without much avail. The growth of social enterprises in South Korea is attributed to the country’s characteristically strong central govern- ment and its creation of relevant institutions and provision of support services. However, this paper provides an alternate explanation by highlighting role of the third sector as the ‘policy entrepreneur’ in agenda-setting and policy implementa- tion with regards to social enterprises in South Korea. Additionally, the decen- tralized local governments as well as the market structure dominated by big businesses are also examined as the main contributors to ‘policy windows’ for the third sector’s policy entrepreneurship. The paper showcases successful development of social enterprise despite the absence of a welfare state or a well-developed third sector, and argues that the phenomenon should hold numerous policy implications for other Asian countries. keywords: Social enterprise | Productive welfare | Policy entrepreneur | Third sector | South Korea
مقاله انگلیسی
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