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نتیجه جستجو - شبکه های تامین

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The moderating impact of supply network topology on the effectiveness of risk management
تاثیر واسطه ای مکان شبکه تامین روی سودمندی مدیریت خطر-2018
While supply chain risk management offers a rich toolset for dealing with risk at the dyadic level, less attention has been given to the effectiveness of risk management in complex supply networks. We bridge this gap by building an agent based model to explore the relationship between topological characteristics of complex supply networks and their ability to recover through inventory mitigation and contingent rerouting. We simulate upstream supply networks, where each agent represents a supplier. Suppliers connectivity patterns are generated through random and preferential attachment models. Each supplier manages its inventory using an anchor-and-adjust ordering policy. We then randomly disrupt suppliers and observe how different topologies recover when risk management strategies are applied. Our results show that topology has a moderating effect on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Scale-free supply networks generate lower costs, have higher fill-rates, and need less inventory to recover when exposed to random disruptions than random networks. Random networks need significantly more inventory distributed across the network to achieve the same fill rates as scale-free networks. Inventory mitigation improves fill-rate more than contingent rerouting regardless of network topology. Contingent rerouting is not effective for scale-free networks due to the low number of alternative suppliers, particularly for short-lasting disruptions. We also find that applying inventory mitigation to the most disrupted suppliers is only effective when the network is exposed to frequent disruptions; and not cost effective otherwise. Our work contributes to the emerging field of research on the relationship between complex supply network topology and resilience.
keywords: Supply chain risk management |Complex supply networks |Random networks |Scale-free networks |Inventory mitigation |Contingent rerouting |Agent-based modelling
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Correlation between strategic and operational risk mitigation strategies in supply networks
همبستگی بین راهبردهای کاهش خطر عملیاتی در شبکه های تامین-2018
A supply networks performance is affected by two types of risk: 1) risk of disruptions that distort the supply networks topology by inactivating certain production facilities or transportation lanes; and 2) risk of variations in a facilitys performance that reduce the efficiency of the supply networks flow planning for fulfilling demands. In this paper, we demonstrate that strategic and operational risk mitigation strategies, which neutralize the impacts of disruptions and variations, respectively, are correlated. We consider “Robustness” and “Resilience” at a strategic level to mitigate disruptions and “Reliability” at an operational level to mitigate variations. A mixed integer stochastic mathematical model is developed to simultaneously a) design a robust and resilient topology for supply networks; and b) plan a reliable flow throughout its topology. We solve the model using an example of a profit-based supply network that is constructed by relying on the assumptions that were primarily used in prior studies. A sensitivity analysis of the results from the model indicates that i) the correlation between robustness and resilience is negative; ii) the correlation between robustness and reliability is positive; and iii) the correlation between resilience and reliability is negative.
keywords: Supply network |Robust design |Disruption |Variation |Reliability |Resilience |Flexibility
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Ambiguity aversion in buyer-seller relationships: A contingent-claims and social network explanation
بیزاری از ابهام در روابط خریدار - فروشنده: یک توضیح ادعای مشروط و شبکه اجتماعی-2018
Negotiations between buyers and sellers (or suppliers) of goods and services have become increasingly important due to the growing trend towards international purchasing, outsourcing and global supply networks together with the high uncertainty associated with them. This paper examines the effect of ambiguity aversion on price negotiations using multiple-priors-based real options with non-extreme outcomes. We study price negotiation between a buyer and seller in a dual contingent-claims setting (call option holding buyer vs. put option holding seller) to derive optimal agreement conditions under ambiguity with and without social network effects. We find that while higher ambiguity aversion raises the threshold for commitment for the seller, it has equivocal effects on the buyers negotiation prospects in the absence of network control. Conversely when network position and relative bargaining power are accounted for, we find the buyers implicit price (or negotiation threshold) decreases (or increases) unequivocally with increasing aversion to ambiguity. Extending extant real options research on price negotiation to the case of ambiguity, this set of results provides new insights into the role of ambiguity aversion and network structures in buyer-seller relationships, including how they influence the range of negotiation agreement between buyers and sellers. The results also help assist managers in formulating robust buying/selling strategies for bargaining under uncertainty. By knowing their network positions and gathering background information or inferring the other partys ambiguity tolerance beforehand, buyers and sellers can anticipate where the negotiation is heading in terms of price negotiation range and mutual agreement possibilities.
keywords: Buyer-seller relationships |Real options |Supply networks |Social networks |Multiple-priors |Ambiguity
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Accounting, performance measurement and fairness in UK fresh produce supply networks
حسابداری، سنجش عملکرد و انصاف در شبکه های تامین محصول تازه انگلیس-2018
Food systems in Europe, North America and Australasia are dominated by a small number of supermarkets supplying over 70% of the food consumers buy, and the model is being translated into other markets such as the Middle East and Asia. Relationships between suppliers and supermarkets are contentious in all such systems. Here, interviews were carried out with representatives of three major grower-packers supplying between them around 50% of the UKs fresh produce. We were interested in three questions, namely: how performance measurement, risk management and communication of accounting information are used by intermediaries in an allegedly unfair commercial environment; the extent to which the accounting and control practices observed support perceptions that suppliers in supermarket-dominated supply networks are treated unfairly; and what accounting and control practices would be indicative of fair commercial relationships? Researchers in the cross-disciplinary literature use John Rawls theories of ‘justice as fairness’ in this context. Recent developments in business ethics and philosophy apply his theories to questions of relational power and fairness in commercial relationships. We follow these writers to understand where, if at all, the perceived unfairness of these food systems lies. Our empirical work and analysis can make an initial contribution from the discipline to this debate, because it has the potential to show how accounting and control practices are at the centre of the fragilities of the wider system, and of possible remedies.
keywords: Supermarkets| Supply networks| Performance measurement| Relational justice
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Syntheses of sustainable supply networks with a new composite criterion – Sustainability profit
سنتز از شبکه های تامین پایدار با یک معیار کامپوزیت جدید - سود پایدار-2017
This study proposes a new concept and a new metric for multi-criteria evaluation of sustainable systems. The new metric, termed “sustainability profit”, is composed of economic, environmental and social indi cators. Since all of these are expressed by monetary terms, the different criteria are now merged, and a multi-objective optimization problem can be reduced to a single-objective one. The new concept for mea suring sustainability is based on micro-economic (company’s viewpoint) and on wider macro-economic perspectives (combined government’s and company’s viewpoint). The concept and metric presented are illustrated by three examples of supply networks including a large-scale biorefinery supply network. The obtained results give the insights into sustainable technologies from the overall sustainability viewpoint, and also evaluate the stimulations from governments in the form of subsidies and taxes for deployment of (un-)sustainable systems. The results also indicate that this metric provides good compromise solutions between economic, environmental and social pillars of sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability profit | Economic | Environmental and social sustainability | Multi-objective optimization | Composite criterion | Macro- and microeconomic perspectives | Supply network
مقاله انگلیسی
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