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Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups
عوامل تعیین کننده های چند سطحی از همکاری بین گروه های سازمان یافته جنایی-2020 Collaboration between members of different criminal groups is an important feature of crime that is considered
organised, as it allows criminals to access resources and skills in order to exploit illicit economic opportunities.
Collaboration across criminal groups is also difficult and risky due to the lack of institutions supporting peaceful
cooperation in illicit markets. Thus cross-group collaboration has been thought to take place mostly among small
and transient groups. This paper determines whether and under what conditions members of different, larger
organised crime groups collaborate with one another. To do so we use intelligence data from the Canadian
province of Alberta, centering on criminals and criminal groups engaged in multiple crime types in multiple
geographic locations. We apply a multilevel network analytical framework and exponential random graph
models using Bayesian techniques to uncover the determinants of cross-group criminal collaboration. We find
cross-group collaboration depends not only on co-location, but also on the types of groups to which the criminals
are affiliated, and on illicit market overlap between groups. When groups are operating in the same geographically-
situated illicit markets their members tend not to collaborate with one another, providing evidence
for the difficulty or undesirability of cross-group collaboration in illicit markets. Conversely, members of Outlaw
Motorcycle Gangs are more likely to collaborate across groups when markets overlap, suggesting the superior
capacity and motivation of biker gangs to coordinate criminal activity. Our paper contributes to the understanding
of criminal networks as complex, emergent, and spatially embedded market phenomena. Keywords: Illegal drugs | Multilevel networks | Exponential Random Graph Models | Illegal markets | Criminal groups |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Information seeking in secondary schools: A multilevel network approach
اطلاعات در مدارس متوسطه: یک رویکرد شبکه چند سطحی-2017 In this study, we investigate information seeking interactions in secondary schools from a multilevel
network approach. Based on network-related theories, we examine the facilitating role of formal subunits.
We apply exponential random graph models for multilevel networks and summarize our findings by using
a meta-analysis technique. Our results indicate that formal subunits (e.g. subject departments) can, to
some extent, facilitate interactions, in loosely coupled organizations (e.g. secondary schools). Finally,
this study shows that a multilevel network approach can provide a more informative representation of
information seeking ties in knowledge-intensive organizations.
Keywords: Multilevel social network analysis | Exponential random graph models | Information seeking | Secondary schools | Formal subunits |
مقاله انگلیسی |