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نتیجه جستجو - شبکه

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2764
ردیف عنوان نوع
1671 Celebrities and ordinaries in social networks: Who knows more information?
مشاهیر و مقررات در شبکه های اجتماعی: چه کسی اطلاعات بیشتری می داند؟-2017
This paper tests the information contained in messages that various types of users post on social networks. Our data come from Sina Weibo, the biggest social network in China. The users are classified as either celebrities or ordinaries. We find that postings from celebri ties significantly predict stock returns, whereas postings from ordinaries have no predic tive power. Furthermore, postings from celebrities contain more future public information and current private information. Ordinaries’ postings contain only stale information. The event study suggests that ordinaries can be considered as information followers rather than providers. These results are consistent with the informed guru hypothesis.
Keywords: Gurus | Social network | Information | Online postings | Stock price
مقاله انگلیسی
1672 Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis to evaluate the stakeholders of a MSWM system – A pilot study of Maputo City
تجزیه و تحلیل ذینفعان و تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی برای ارزیابی ذینفعان سیستم MSWM - یک بررسی آزمایشی شهر ماپوتو-2017
The decision-making for municipal solid waste management is a process that involves and affects several different stakeholders. In low-and-middle-income countries, this process is more complicated for the fact that not only it is not yet clear the role and position of those stakeholders, but also, their interactions often lack mutual understanding and characterised by being ineffective. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the value of combining the complement ing stakeholder analysis (SA) and social network analysis (SNA), to add into the decision-making process to better the engagement and interaction of stakeholders in a municipal solid waste management system, in a case of Maputo City system. Resulting from the SA application, the main stakeholders were identified, and their roles, power and interest, and overall access to information, knowledge and satisfaction with the structure and functioning of the system were clarified. The SNA helped in mapping the existing connections concerning partnerships and collaborations and sharing of information. The findings suggest that though all stakeholders agree to the need for an improved and sustainable system, they fundamentally lack a unified approach. Decision-makers are required to develop strategies to improve the stakeholders’ connections and foster inclusiveness, while customising those strategies according to different types of stakeholders.
Keywords: Stakeholder analysis | Social network analysis | Municipal solid waste management | Integrated sustainable waste management
مقاله انگلیسی
1673 Community detection from biological and social networks: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms
تشخیص جامعه از شبکه های بیولوژیک و اجتماعی: یک تحلیل مقایسه ای از الگوریتم های فرا ابتکاری -2017
In order to analyze complex networks to find significant communities, several methods have been pro posed in the literature. Modularity optimization is an interesting and valuable approach for detection of network communities in complex networks. Due to characteristics of the problem dealt with in this study, the exact solution methods consume much more time. Therefore, we propose six metaheuristic optimization algorithms, which each contain a modularity optimization approach. These algorithms are the original Bat Algorithm (BA), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), modified Big Bang–Big Crunch algorithm (BB-BC), improved Bat Algorithm based on the Differential Evolutionary algorithm (BADE), effective Hyperheuristic Differential Search Algorithm (HDSA) and Scatter Search algorithm based on the Genetic Algorithm (SSGA). Four of these algorithms (HDSA, BADE, SSGA, BB-BC) contain new meth ods, whereas the remaining two algorithms (BA and GSA) use original methods. To clearly demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms when solving the problems, experimental studies were con ducted using nine real-world complex networks − five of which are social networks and the rest of which are biological networks. The algorithms were compared in terms of statistical significance. According to the obtained test results, the HDSA proposed in this study is more efficient and competitive than the other algorithms that were tested.
Keywords: Metaheuristic optimization algorithms | Community detection | Biological networks | Social networks | Modularity
مقاله انگلیسی
1674 Methodology for Monitoring Manufacturing Environment by Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT)
روش برای نظارت بر محیط تولید با استفاده از شبکه های حسگر بی سیم (WSN) و اینترنت اشیاء (IoT)-2017
Manufacturing currently faces tremendous potentials with the rapid development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT). As one example, a real-time application for environment monitoring in manufacturing will offer the opportunity to improve its resource and energy efficiency. This requires a structured approach to integrating both WSN and IoT. Although established technology exists, there is a lack of methodology to construct multiple hardware and software platforms and interoperate them effectively. Thus, this paper presents a two step framework in order to first design a system architecture and then to determine selection criteria for each component. A case study for temperature monitoring is presented for a proof-of-concept.
Keywords: Internet of Things | Wireless Sensor Networks | Environment | Manufacturing
مقاله انگلیسی
1675 Discursive construction of identities in a social network-educational space: Insights from an undergraduate Facebook group for a linguistics course
ایجاد استدلالی از هویت ها در فضای شبکه های اجتماعی-آموزشی: بینش از یک گروه فیس بوک در مقطع کارشناسی برای یک دوره زبان شناسی-2017
This article reports on a study of a Facebook group created for a linguistics course at a university in Hong Kong. It examines the discursive resources and practices identified in the group, as well as discusses how identities are constructed through hybrid discourse. Informed largely by discourse-centered online ethnography, we observed the group and its discourse systematically, and contacted the group members. Specifically, we collected screen data with a view to identifying the discourse functions and analyzing the linguistic resources deployed by the members. Semi-structured interviews, incorporating the elements of techno-biography and stimulated recall, were conducted to delve into the practices and identity con struction. The study argues that the group is not merely an academic group, but a ‘‘social network educational space” in that both academically-related and socially-related discourse functions could be observed. The members were found to deploy a wide range of resources such as emoticons for meaning making. This article then presents a case of a participant which illustrates how various identities could be constructed with the discursive resources and practices. It concludes by advancing our understanding of concepts such as the community of practice and considering the implications for future computer mediated discourse research.
Keywords: Facebook group | Social network-educational space | Identities | Discourse functions
مقاله انگلیسی
1676 Content delivery simulations supported by social network-awareness
شبیه سازی تحویل محتوا توسط آگاهی شبکه های اجتماعی پشتیبانی می شود-2017
In this study we conduct experiments on a modified content delivery simulation frame work, as we aspire to compare miscellaneous policies for dynamic OSN-aware content de livery. The incorporation of an OSN-aware dynamic mechanism becomes indispensable for CDN services, since (i)significantly large proportion of Internet traffic results from -easily produced via online media services and transmitted over OSNs- bandwidth-intensive mul timedia content and (ii)multimedia content providers, such as YouTube, often rely on ubiq uitous Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) infrastructures. Our policies take patterns of user activity over OSNs and exploit geo-social properties of users participating in re transmissions of items over OSNs (social cascades), proceed to incorporate various caching schemes of the underlying infrastructure, different policies for the handling of OSN data and various approaches that take into account the efficient timing of prefetching. The sim ulation framework we introduce can serve as the basis of further parameterized content delivery experimentation that exploits information transmission over OSNs and decreases replication costs by selectively copying items to locations where items are likely to be con sumed.
Keywords: Social video sharing | Social cascading | Simulations | Content distribution networks | Internet measurements | Social prediction | Prefetching
مقاله انگلیسی
1677 A framework for parallel and distributed training of neural networks
چارچوبی برای آموزش موازی و توزیع شده شبکه های عصبی-2017
The aim of this paper is to develop a general framework for training neural networks (NNs) in a distributed environment, where training data is partitioned over a set of agents that communicate with each other through a sparse, possibly time-varying, connectivity pattern. In such distributed scenario, the training problem can be formulated as the (regularized) optimization of a non-convex social cost function, given by the sum of local (non-convex) costs, where each agent contributes with a single error term defined with respect to its local dataset. To devise a flexible and efficient solution, we customize a recently proposed framework for non-convex optimization over networks, which hinges on a (primal) convexification–decomposition technique to handle non-convexity, and a dynamic consensus procedure to diffuse information among the agents. Several typical choices for the training criterion (e.g., squared loss, cross entropy, etc.) and regularization (e.g., ℓ2 norm, sparsity inducing penalties, etc.) are included in the framework and explored along the paper. Convergence to a stationary solution of the social non convex problem is guaranteed under mild assumptions. Additionally, we show a principled way allowing each agent to exploit a possible multi-core architecture (e.g., a local cloud) in order to parallelize its local optimization step, resulting in strategies that are both distributed (across the agents) and parallel (inside each agent) in nature. A comprehensive set of experimental results validate the proposed approach.
Keywords: Neural network | Distributed learning | Parallel computing | Networks
مقاله انگلیسی
1678 Unexpected versus expected network disruption: Effects on travel behavior
اختلال در شبکه غیرمنتظره و پیش بینی شده: تاثیرات در رفتار مسافرت-2017
This paper discusses the observed evolution of traffic in the Minneapolis-St Paul (Twin Cities) region road network following the unexpected collapse of the I-35W Bridge over the Mississippi River. The observations presented within this paper reveal that traffic dynamics are potentially different when a prolonged and unexpected network disruption occurs rather than a preplanned closure. Following the disruption from the I- 35W Bridges unexpected collapse, we witnessed a unique trend: an avoidance phenomenon after the disruption. More specifically, drivers are observed to drastically avoid areas near the disruption site, but gradually return after a period of time following the collapse. This trend is not observed in preplanned closures studied to date. To model avoidance, it is proposed that the tragedy generated a perceived travel cost that discouraged commuters from using these sections. These perceived costs are estimated for the Twin Cities network and found to be best described as an exponential decay cost curve with respect to time. After reinstituting this calibrated cost curve into a mesoscopic simulator, the simulated traffic into the discouraged areas are found to be within acceptable limits of the observed traffic on a week-by-week basis. The proposed model is applicable to both practitioners and researchers in many traffic-related fields by providing an understanding of how traffic dynamics will evolve after a long-term, unexpected network disruption.
Keywords: Unexpected network disruption | Avoidance phenomenon | Perceived cost evolution | Traffic dynamic| I-35W Bridge collapse
مقاله انگلیسی
1679 Investigation into the formation of information security influence: Network analysis of an emerging organisation
بررسی شکل گیری تاثیر امنیت اطلاعات : تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه ای از یک سازمان در حال ظهور-2017
While prior research has been examining information security behaviours in mature en vironments with formal policies and practices, there is less attention paid to new or transforming environments that lack security controls. It is crucial to understand what factors affect the formation of an emerging information security environment, so that security man agers can make use of the forming mechanisms to improve the security environment without relying too much on enforcement. This research adopts exponential random graph mod elling to predict the occurrence of information security influence among 114 employees in a recently established construction organisation. Our empirical findings show that physi cally co-locating, as well as having specific senior levels and similar tenure can result in more security influence. Other contributing work relationships include the exchange of work related advice, interpersonal trust, and seeing others as role model and long-term collaborators. The structural features of the information security influence network were also exam ined, which offer strategies for security managers to diffuse security behaviours within the workplace. Furthermore, specific directions for future network research were elabo rated in detail.
Keywords: Information security influence | Behavioural security | Information security behaviour | Information security management | Social network analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
1680 Social networks in the context of community response to disaster: Study of a cyclone-affected community in Coastal West Bengal, India
شبکه های اجتماعی در زمینه واکنش جامعه به فاجعه: مطالعه جامعه تحت تأثیر گردباد در غرب ساحل بنگال هند-2017
The strength and effectiveness of social networks influence the ability of communities to cope with disaster events. Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides scope of analysing such complex networks in disaster-hit communities. We describe the application of SNA in a disaster-hit community and show the changing pattern of evolving networks during and after the disaster. The disaster event was conceptually divided into four distinct phases namely ‘extreme event’ (Phase-1), ‘immediate community response’ (Phase-2), ‘relief’ (Phase-3) and ‘rehabilitation’ (Phase-4), through a series of focus group discussions with the community. We also considered the Pre- and Post-disaster phases for before-after comparison of the communitys social network. Network data for all these six phases was collected through personal interview from the affected households located besides the river embankment. For all the six phases, unique networks were found with different central nodes, although few nodes remained central in more than one the phase. Different measures of network density and mean network centrality increased from the pre-disaster stage in Phase-1, just after the disaster event, and then consistently reduced from Phase 2 to Phase 4. Then again they increased at the post-disaster phase. While the Phase-1 was characterized by endogenous nodes and ties, during the later stages, the networks assumed a core central structure constituted of both internal and external nodes, with peripheral components. The internal and external central actors maintained link between local (friends, relatives, neighbours) and external (institutional) entities. The analysis illustrates the interactions within and between community networks, and may initiate situational awareness, efficient planning, and optimal resources allocation for disaster preparedness, community resilience, and response.
Keywords: Disaster resilience | Social capital | Social network analysis | Network evolution | Centrality
مقاله انگلیسی
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