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ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
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1671 |
Celebrities and ordinaries in social networks: Who knows more information?
مشاهیر و مقررات در شبکه های اجتماعی: چه کسی اطلاعات بیشتری می داند؟-2017 This paper tests the information contained in messages that various types of users post on
social networks. Our data come from Sina Weibo, the biggest social network in China. The
users are classified as either celebrities or ordinaries. We find that postings from celebri
ties significantly predict stock returns, whereas postings from ordinaries have no predic
tive power. Furthermore, postings from celebrities contain more future public information
and current private information. Ordinaries’ postings contain only stale information. The
event study suggests that ordinaries can be considered as information followers rather
than providers. These results are consistent with the informed guru hypothesis.
Keywords: Gurus | Social network | Information | Online postings | Stock price |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1672 |
Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis to evaluate the stakeholders of a MSWM system – A pilot study of Maputo City
تجزیه و تحلیل ذینفعان و تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی برای ارزیابی ذینفعان سیستم MSWM - یک بررسی آزمایشی شهر ماپوتو-2017 The decision-making for municipal solid waste management is a process that involves and affects
several different stakeholders. In low-and-middle-income countries, this process is more
complicated for the fact that not only it is not yet clear the role and position of those
stakeholders, but also, their interactions often lack mutual understanding and characterised by
being ineffective. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the value of combining the complement
ing stakeholder analysis (SA) and social network analysis (SNA), to add into the decision-making
process to better the engagement and interaction of stakeholders in a municipal solid waste
management system, in a case of Maputo City system. Resulting from the SA application, the
main stakeholders were identified, and their roles, power and interest, and overall access to
information, knowledge and satisfaction with the structure and functioning of the system were
clarified. The SNA helped in mapping the existing connections concerning partnerships and
collaborations and sharing of information. The findings suggest that though all stakeholders
agree to the need for an improved and sustainable system, they fundamentally lack a unified
approach. Decision-makers are required to develop strategies to improve the stakeholders’
connections and foster inclusiveness, while customising those strategies according to different
types of stakeholders.
Keywords: Stakeholder analysis | Social network analysis | Municipal solid waste management | Integrated sustainable waste management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1673 |
Community detection from biological and social networks: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms
تشخیص جامعه از شبکه های بیولوژیک و اجتماعی: یک تحلیل مقایسه ای از الگوریتم های فرا ابتکاری -2017 In order to analyze complex networks to find significant communities, several methods have been pro
posed in the literature. Modularity optimization is an interesting and valuable approach for detection
of network communities in complex networks. Due to characteristics of the problem dealt with in this
study, the exact solution methods consume much more time. Therefore, we propose six metaheuristic
optimization algorithms, which each contain a modularity optimization approach. These algorithms are
the original Bat Algorithm (BA), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), modified Big Bang–Big Crunch
algorithm (BB-BC), improved Bat Algorithm based on the Differential Evolutionary algorithm (BADE),
effective Hyperheuristic Differential Search Algorithm (HDSA) and Scatter Search algorithm based on
the Genetic Algorithm (SSGA). Four of these algorithms (HDSA, BADE, SSGA, BB-BC) contain new meth
ods, whereas the remaining two algorithms (BA and GSA) use original methods. To clearly demonstrate
the performance of the proposed algorithms when solving the problems, experimental studies were con
ducted using nine real-world complex networks − five of which are social networks and the rest of which
are biological networks. The algorithms were compared in terms of statistical significance. According to
the obtained test results, the HDSA proposed in this study is more efficient and competitive than the
other algorithms that were tested.
Keywords: Metaheuristic optimization algorithms | Community detection | Biological networks | Social networks | Modularity |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1674 |
Methodology for Monitoring Manufacturing Environment by Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the Internet of Things (IoT)
روش برای نظارت بر محیط تولید با استفاده از شبکه های حسگر بی سیم (WSN) و اینترنت اشیاء (IoT)-2017 Manufacturing currently faces tremendous potentials with the rapid development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things
(IoT). As one example, a real-time application for environment monitoring in manufacturing will offer the opportunity to improve its resource
and energy efficiency. This requires a structured approach to integrating both WSN and IoT. Although established technology exists, there is a
lack of methodology to construct multiple hardware and software platforms and interoperate them effectively. Thus, this paper presents a two
step framework in order to first design a system architecture and then to determine selection criteria for each component. A case study for
temperature monitoring is presented for a proof-of-concept.
Keywords: Internet of Things | Wireless Sensor Networks | Environment | Manufacturing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1675 |
Discursive construction of identities in a social network-educational space: Insights from an undergraduate Facebook group for a linguistics course
ایجاد استدلالی از هویت ها در فضای شبکه های اجتماعی-آموزشی: بینش از یک گروه فیس بوک در مقطع کارشناسی برای یک دوره زبان شناسی-2017 This article reports on a study of a Facebook group created for a linguistics course at a university in Hong
Kong. It examines the discursive resources and practices identified in the group, as well as discusses how
identities are constructed through hybrid discourse. Informed largely by discourse-centered online
ethnography, we observed the group and its discourse systematically, and contacted the group members.
Specifically, we collected screen data with a view to identifying the discourse functions and analyzing the
linguistic resources deployed by the members. Semi-structured interviews, incorporating the elements of
techno-biography and stimulated recall, were conducted to delve into the practices and identity con
struction. The study argues that the group is not merely an academic group, but a ‘‘social network
educational space” in that both academically-related and socially-related discourse functions could be
observed. The members were found to deploy a wide range of resources such as emoticons for meaning
making. This article then presents a case of a participant which illustrates how various identities could be
constructed with the discursive resources and practices. It concludes by advancing our understanding of
concepts such as the community of practice and considering the implications for future computer
mediated discourse research.
Keywords: Facebook group | Social network-educational space | Identities | Discourse functions |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1676 |
Content delivery simulations supported by social network-awareness
شبیه سازی تحویل محتوا توسط آگاهی شبکه های اجتماعی پشتیبانی می شود-2017 In this study we conduct experiments on a modified content delivery simulation frame
work, as we aspire to compare miscellaneous policies for dynamic OSN-aware content de
livery. The incorporation of an OSN-aware dynamic mechanism becomes indispensable for
CDN services, since (i)significantly large proportion of Internet traffic results from -easily
produced via online media services and transmitted over OSNs- bandwidth-intensive mul
timedia content and (ii)multimedia content providers, such as YouTube, often rely on ubiq
uitous Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) infrastructures. Our policies take patterns
of user activity over OSNs and exploit geo-social properties of users participating in re
transmissions of items over OSNs (social cascades), proceed to incorporate various caching
schemes of the underlying infrastructure, different policies for the handling of OSN data
and various approaches that take into account the efficient timing of prefetching. The sim
ulation framework we introduce can serve as the basis of further parameterized content
delivery experimentation that exploits information transmission over OSNs and decreases
replication costs by selectively copying items to locations where items are likely to be con
sumed.
Keywords: Social video sharing | Social cascading | Simulations | Content distribution networks | Internet measurements | Social prediction | Prefetching |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1677 |
A framework for parallel and distributed training of neural networks
چارچوبی برای آموزش موازی و توزیع شده شبکه های عصبی-2017 The aim of this paper is to develop a general framework for training neural networks (NNs) in a distributed
environment, where training data is partitioned over a set of agents that communicate with each other
through a sparse, possibly time-varying, connectivity pattern. In such distributed scenario, the training
problem can be formulated as the (regularized) optimization of a non-convex social cost function,
given by the sum of local (non-convex) costs, where each agent contributes with a single error term
defined with respect to its local dataset. To devise a flexible and efficient solution, we customize a
recently proposed framework for non-convex optimization over networks, which hinges on a (primal)
convexification–decomposition technique to handle non-convexity, and a dynamic consensus procedure
to diffuse information among the agents. Several typical choices for the training criterion (e.g., squared
loss, cross entropy, etc.) and regularization (e.g., ℓ2 norm, sparsity inducing penalties, etc.) are included
in the framework and explored along the paper. Convergence to a stationary solution of the social non
convex problem is guaranteed under mild assumptions. Additionally, we show a principled way allowing
each agent to exploit a possible multi-core architecture (e.g., a local cloud) in order to parallelize its local
optimization step, resulting in strategies that are both distributed (across the agents) and parallel (inside
each agent) in nature. A comprehensive set of experimental results validate the proposed approach.
Keywords: Neural network | Distributed learning | Parallel computing | Networks |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1678 |
Unexpected versus expected network disruption: Effects on travel behavior
اختلال در شبکه غیرمنتظره و پیش بینی شده: تاثیرات در رفتار مسافرت-2017 This paper discusses the observed evolution of traffic in the Minneapolis-St Paul (Twin Cities) region road
network following the unexpected collapse of the I-35W Bridge over the Mississippi River. The observations
presented within this paper reveal that traffic dynamics are potentially different when a prolonged and
unexpected network disruption occurs rather than a preplanned closure. Following the disruption from the I-
35W Bridges unexpected collapse, we witnessed a unique trend: an avoidance phenomenon after the
disruption. More specifically, drivers are observed to drastically avoid areas near the disruption site, but
gradually return after a period of time following the collapse. This trend is not observed in preplanned closures
studied to date. To model avoidance, it is proposed that the tragedy generated a perceived travel cost that
discouraged commuters from using these sections. These perceived costs are estimated for the Twin Cities
network and found to be best described as an exponential decay cost curve with respect to time. After
reinstituting this calibrated cost curve into a mesoscopic simulator, the simulated traffic into the discouraged
areas are found to be within acceptable limits of the observed traffic on a week-by-week basis. The proposed
model is applicable to both practitioners and researchers in many traffic-related fields by providing an
understanding of how traffic dynamics will evolve after a long-term, unexpected network disruption.
Keywords: Unexpected network disruption | Avoidance phenomenon | Perceived cost evolution | Traffic dynamic| I-35W Bridge collapse |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1679 |
Investigation into the formation of information security influence: Network analysis of an emerging organisation
بررسی شکل گیری تاثیر امنیت اطلاعات : تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه ای از یک سازمان در حال ظهور-2017 While prior research has been examining information security behaviours in mature en
vironments with formal policies and practices, there is less attention paid to new or
transforming environments that lack security controls. It is crucial to understand what factors
affect the formation of an emerging information security environment, so that security man
agers can make use of the forming mechanisms to improve the security environment without
relying too much on enforcement. This research adopts exponential random graph mod
elling to predict the occurrence of information security influence among 114 employees in
a recently established construction organisation. Our empirical findings show that physi
cally co-locating, as well as having specific senior levels and similar tenure can result in
more security influence. Other contributing work relationships include the exchange of work
related advice, interpersonal trust, and seeing others as role model and long-term collaborators.
The structural features of the information security influence network were also exam
ined, which offer strategies for security managers to diffuse security behaviours within
the workplace. Furthermore, specific directions for future network research were elabo
rated in detail.
Keywords: Information security influence | Behavioural security | Information security behaviour | Information security management | Social network analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
1680 |
Social networks in the context of community response to disaster: Study of a cyclone-affected community in Coastal West Bengal, India
شبکه های اجتماعی در زمینه واکنش جامعه به فاجعه: مطالعه جامعه تحت تأثیر گردباد در غرب ساحل بنگال هند-2017 The strength and effectiveness of social networks influence the ability of communities to cope with disaster
events. Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides scope of analysing such complex networks in disaster-hit
communities. We describe the application of SNA in a disaster-hit community and show the changing pattern of
evolving networks during and after the disaster. The disaster event was conceptually divided into four distinct
phases namely ‘extreme event’ (Phase-1), ‘immediate community response’ (Phase-2), ‘relief’ (Phase-3) and
‘rehabilitation’ (Phase-4), through a series of focus group discussions with the community. We also considered
the Pre- and Post-disaster phases for before-after comparison of the communitys social network. Network data
for all these six phases was collected through personal interview from the affected households located besides
the river embankment. For all the six phases, unique networks were found with different central nodes, although
few nodes remained central in more than one the phase. Different measures of network density and mean
network centrality increased from the pre-disaster stage in Phase-1, just after the disaster event, and then
consistently reduced from Phase 2 to Phase 4. Then again they increased at the post-disaster phase. While the
Phase-1 was characterized by endogenous nodes and ties, during the later stages, the networks assumed a core
central structure constituted of both internal and external nodes, with peripheral components. The internal and
external central actors maintained link between local (friends, relatives, neighbours) and external (institutional)
entities. The analysis illustrates the interactions within and between community networks, and may initiate
situational awareness, efficient planning, and optimal resources allocation for disaster preparedness, community
resilience, and response.
Keywords: Disaster resilience | Social capital | Social network analysis | Network evolution | Centrality |
مقاله انگلیسی |