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Analysis of samples of explosives excavated from the Baltic Sea floor
تجزیه و تحلیل نمونه های مواد منفجره کشف شده از کف دریای بالتیک-2020 After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary
explosives was dumped in the sea. Explosives have medium toxicity to aquatic organisms, earthworms
and indigenous soil microorganisms. Therefore, environmental monitoring is required, especially for
dumped munitions. The main aspect of this work was to analyse the samples of lumps and sediments
taken from the Baltic seabed. These samples were potentially explosives. The main goal of the study
was to identify the type and composition of studied materials. In order to determine the chemical
composition of samples of explosives, we used as follows: GC–MS/MS, LC-HRMS and NMR.
Additionally, to determine the energetic properties we performed microcalorimetric-thermogravimetric
analysis. Based on the obtained results, the composition of this explosive was TNT (41%), RDX (53%),
aluminium powder (5%), and degradation products (below 1%). The resulting composition indicates that
the analysed material can be classified in the ‘‘torpex” family, widely used during World War II. Regarding
the results of the microcalorimetric analysis, we can conclude that excavated fragments of explosives are
in very good condition and they still can detonate after being initiated. Therefore, there is a threat that
they could be used for criminal or terrorist purposes. Keywords: Environmental samples | Explosives and their degradation products | Chromatographic analysis | Mass spectrometry | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
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