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Preliminary lessons from COVID-19 disruptions of small-scale fishery supply chains
دروس مقدماتی مربوط به اختلالات COVID-19 در زنجیره های تامین شیلات در مقیاس کوچک-2021 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have disrupted global systems that support the health, food and nutrition security, and livelihoods of billions of people. These disruptions have likewise affected the small-scale fishery (SSF) sector, disrupting SSF supply chains and exposing weaknesses in the global seafood distribution system. To inform future development of adaptive capacity and resilience in the sector, it is important to understand how supply chain actors are responding in the face of a macroeconomic shock. Comparing across seven SSF case studies in four countries, we explore how actors are responding to COVID-19 disruptions, identify constraints to adaptive responses, and describe patterns of disruption and response across cases. In all cases examined, actors shifted focus to local and regional distribution channels and particularly drew on flexibility, organization, and learning to re-purpose pre-existing networks and use technology to their advantage. Key constraints to reaching domestic consumers included domestic restrictions on movement and labor, reduced spending power amongst domestic consumers, and lack of existing distribution channels. In addition, the lack of recogni- tion of SSFs as essential food-producers and inequities in access to technology hampered efforts to continue local seafood supply. We suggest that the initial impacts from COVID-19 highlight the risks in of over-reliance on global trade networks. The SSFs that were able to change strategies most success- fully had local organizations and connections in place that they leveraged in innovative ways. As such, supporting local and domestic networks and flexible organizations within the supply chain may help build resilience in the face of future macroeconomic shocks. Importantly, bolstering financial wellbeing and security within the domestic market both before and during such large-scale disruptions is crucial for supporting ongoing supply chain operations and continued food provision during macroeconomic crises. Keywords: Small-scale fisheries | COVID-19 | Adaptive capacity | Supply chain | Resilience | Global seafood distribution system |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Transition engineering of transport in megacities with case study on commuting in Beijing
مهندسی انتقالی از حمل و نقل در شهرهای بزرگ با مطالعه موردی در مورد رفت و آمد در پکن-2020 Private automobiles have been wildly popular around the world and have transformed the concept of personal
mobility for the affluent. However, automobile-oriented development patterns have demonstrably degraded the
quality of the city environment. The economic burden of transport infrastructure asset management, plus air
pollution, CO2 emissions and congestion are pressing issues for all cities. City planners struggle with the issues of
growth in travel demand and the costs of providing traffic management, parking, policing, and emergency
services. The future of personal vehicle mobility and goods movements are particularly challenging, and it is
difficult to imagine what the sustainable solutions could be for these wicked problems of transport in megacities.
This paper explores urban form, transport activity and quality of life in future cities through the emerging
discipline, Transition Engineering. The main methodology is the Interdisciplinary Transition Innovation,
Management and Engineering (InTIME) approach, the outcome of which are innovative shift projects that directly
step down the negative factors and step up in the quality of life while maintaining the access to social and
economic activities. One shift project in Beijing is a new “Work Unit Retrofit” property development enterprise.
Integrated land use is a popular idea, but the shift projects in this research answer the questions of “how” the
transition to the future city occurs. This research demonstrates the new Transition Engineering approach to
sustainable city development that results in actionable property and infrastructure development with financial
and social benefits that can be clearly communicated to all stakeholders. Keywords: Energy transition | Transition engineering | Future cities | Work unit | Adaptive capacity | Urban form | Cycling potential | Commute model |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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When salient science is not enough to advance climate change adaptation: Lessons from Brazil and Australia
وقتی علم برجسته برای پیشبرد سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا کافی نیست: درسهایی از برزیل و استرالیا-2020 Increased social and environmental vulnerability to extreme climatic events and inherent aggravation of environmental
and social problems has placed climate change adaptation as an urgent challenge for decisionmakers.
Understanding and using climate change information to advance the implementation of climate-friendly
policies further compounds this challenge. A rich scholarly literature focusing on climate change adaptation
endorses that investing in mechanisms that narrow the gap between climate change information production and
its use is crucial to increase adaptive capacity. Based on this assumption, this paper investigates the extent to
which two collaborative projects that functioned as boundary organisations in Brazil (CiAdapta project) and
Australia (Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management in East Coast Australia) increased
access to information, and enabled the continual and continuous usefulness of produced knowledge for climate
change adaptation. Considering the distinction between usable and useful information, we applied six criteria to
guide the data analysis and extract key lessons from each project. Our findings confirm that face-to-face interactions
are more likely to result in research having the societal impact that is being increasingly required by
research and funding bodies. Our findings also indicate that two key systemic changes are critical for the longterm
influence of boundary organisations for advancing climate change adaptation. These include changes to the
science, knowledge production process; and shift in the political culture. Keywords: Boundary organisation | Cities | Natural resources management | Knowledge co-production | Adaptive capacity |
مقاله انگلیسی |