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Is testosterone linked to human aggression? A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between baseline, dynamic, and manipulated testosterone on human aggression
آیا تستوسترون با پرخاشگری انسان ارتباط دارد؟ بررسی فرا تحلیلی رابطه بین تستوسترون پایه ، پویا و دستکاری شده بر پرخاشگری انسان-2020 Testosterone is often considered a critical regulator of aggressive behaviour. There is castration/replacement
evidence that testosterone indeed drives aggression in some species, but causal evidence in humans is generally
lacking and/or—for the few studies that have pharmacologically manipulated testosterone concentrations—
inconsistent. More often researchers have examined differences in baseline testosterone concentrations
between groups known to differ in aggressiveness (e.g., violent vs non-violent criminals) or within a
given sample using a correlational approach. Nevertheless, testosterone is not static but instead fluctuates in
response to cues of challenge in the environment, and these challenge-induced fluctuations may more strongly
regulate situation-specific aggressive behaviour. Here, we quantitatively summarize literature from all three
approaches (baseline, change, and manipulation), providing the most comprehensive meta-analysis of these
testosterone-aggression associations/effects in humans to date. Baseline testosterone shared a weak but significant
association with aggression (r=0.054, 95% CIs [0.028, 0.080]), an effect that was stronger and significant
in men (r=0.071, 95% CIs [0.041, 0.101]), but not women (r=0.002, 95% CIs [−0.041, 0.044]).
Changes in T were positively correlated with aggression (r=0.108, 95% CIs [0.041, 0.174]), an effect that was
also stronger and significant in men (r=0.162, 95% CIs [0.076, 0.246]), but not women (r=0.010, 95% CIs
[−0.090, 0.109]). The causal effects of testosterone on human aggression were weaker yet, and not statistically
significant (r=0.046, 95% CIs [−0.015, 0.108]). We discuss the multiple moderators identified here (e.g.,
offender status of samples, sex) and elsewhere that may explain these generally weak effects. We also offer
suggestions regarding methodology and sample sizes to best capture these associations in future work. Keywords: Challenge hypothesis | Androgens | Sex differences | Pharmacological challenge |
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