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Ethical loneliness and the development of a victim-focused approach to rape cases in South Africa
تنهایی اخلاقی و توسعه رویکرد متمرکز بر قربانیان در مورد پرونده های تجاوز جنسی در آفریقای جنوبی-2019 In this article, I focus on the rape trial of the former South African president, Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma. I have
chosen this specific case as it was extensively documented, both in the media and academically, with the main
focus being on how the court had relied on gender-stereotyping in coming to its conclusion that the accused was
not guilty as well as the degrading onslaught the victim experienced by communities around her. I look at the
courts reliance on evidence of previous sexual history in finding that the complainant (Khwezi) was, in fact, an
unreliable witness. I endeavour to show how the reliance of the court on rape stereotypes can be humiliating,
degrading and one of the causes of secondary victimisation. I argue that Khwezis harmful experience of the
criminal justice system is common to many victims in rape cases. I then proceed to argue that the experience of
Khwezi (and many other rape survivors) can be described as what Stauffer calls, ‘ethical loneliness’. As one outlet
for this loneliness, I suggest the development of the South African criminal law, which can be applied to criminal
law universally, to shift the focus of rape trials from being accused-focused to victim-focused. Through this
process, I argue, that law can begin to influence change in the reluctance of society to hear the story of rape
survivors and help to create a safe space in communities for survivors to be heard. Keywords: Rape | Secondary-victimisation | Criminal law | Criminal trials | Victim-focused | Silencing | Evidence |
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