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نتیجه جستجو - متغیرهای ابزاری

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 3
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Mothers and fathers in the criminal justice system and children’s child protective services involvement
مادران و پدران در سیستم عدالت کیفری و مشارکت خدمات محافظت از کودکان خردسال -2020
Background: Parental criminal justice system (CJS) involvement is a marker for child protective services (CPS) involvement. Objective: To document how parental criminal case processing affects children’s CPS involvement. Participants and setting: Participants included mothers and fathers with a serious criminal charge (mothers=78,882; fathers=165,070) and without any criminal charge (mothers=962,963; fathers=743,604) between 2008-2012. Statewide North Carolina records on court proceedings, births, CPS assessments/investigations, and foster care placements were used. Methods: The observational unit was an individual’s first charge date of a year. Outcomes were CPS assessment/investigation and foster care entry within six months and alternatively three years following the charge. Key explanatory variables were whether the charges resulted in prosecution, conviction following prosecution, and an active sentence conditional on conviction. An instrumental variables approach was used. Results: Parents charged with a criminal offense had higher rates of having a CPS assessment/ investigation during the three years preceding the charge than parents who were not charged. Among mothers who were convicted, CPS assessment/investigation increased 8.1 percent (95 % CI: 2.2, 13.9) and 9.5 percent (95 % CI: 1.3, 17.6) 6 months and 3 years following the charge. An active sentence increased CPS assessment/investigations by 21.6 percent (95 % CI: 6.4, 36.7) within 6 months. For fathers, active sentence increased foster care placement by 1.6 percent (95 % CI: 0.24, 2.9) within 6 months of the criminal charge. Conclusions: Changing parental incarceration rates would change CPS caseloads substantially. The criminal justice and CPS systems work with overlapping populations, data and services sharing should be considered a high priority.
Keywords: Parental criminal justice system involvement | Child protectives services | Foster care | Instrumental variables
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The performance effects of gender diversity on bank boards
تاثیرات عملکردی تنوع جنسیتی روی هیئت های بانکها-2018
Previous literature has shown mixed results on the role of female participation on bank boards and bank performance: some papers find that more women on boards enhance financial performance, while others find negative or no effects. Applying instrumental variables methods to data on approximately 90 U.S. bank holding companies over the 1999–2015 period, we argue that these inconclusive results are due to the fact that there is a non-linear, U-shaped relationship between gender diversity on boards and various measures of bank performance: female participation has a positive effect once a threshold level of gender diversity is achieved. Furthermore, this positive effect is only observed in better capitalized banks. Our results suggest that continuing the voluntary expansion of gender diversity on bank boards will be value-enhancing, provided that they are well capitalized.
keywords: Bank performance |Gender diversity |Instrumental variables estimation
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Size does not matter: Diseconomies of scale in the mutual fund industry revisited
اندازه اهمیت ندارد: مقیاس فقر اقتصادی در صنعت سرمایه دوطرفه بازدید شده-2018
The academic literature has found mixed evidence that fund size is negatively related to performance. One reason for the lack of consensus may be that the fund size and performance relation is endogenous. In this paper, we identify a set of instrumental variables that influence fund size but are unrelated to expected fund performance. Using this specification, we show that fund size does not appear to affect fund performance.
keywords: Mutual fund performance |Size–performance relation |Instrumental variables |Diseconomies of scale
مقاله انگلیسی
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بازدید امروز: 1832 :::::::: بازدید دیروز: 0 :::::::: بازدید کل: 1832 :::::::: افراد آنلاین: 80