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نتیجه جستجو - محدودیت ها

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 249
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Timing Constraints Imposed by Classical Digital Control Systems on Photonic Implementations of Measurement-Based Quantum Computing
محدودیت های زمانی اعمال شده توسط سیستم های کنترل دیجیتال کلاسیک بر پیاده سازی فوتونیک محاسبات کوانتومی مبتنی بر اندازه گیری-2022
Most of the architectural research on photonic implementations of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) has focused on the quantum resources involved in the problem with the implicit assumption that these will provide the main constraints on system scaling. However, the “flying-qubit” architecture of photonic MBQC requires specific timing constraints that need to be met by the classical control system. This classical control includes, for example, the amplification of the signals from single-photon detectors to voltage levels compatible with digital systems; the implementation of a control system which converts measurement outcomes into basis settings for measuring subsequent cluster qubits, in accordance with the quantum algorithm being implemented; and the digital-to-analog converter and amplifier systems required to set these measurement bases using a fast phase modulator. In this article, we analyze the digital system needed to implement arbitrary one-qubit rotations and controlled-not gates in discrete-variable photonic MBQC, in the presence of an ideal cluster state generator, with the main aim of understanding the timing constraints imposed by the digital logic on the analog system and quantum hardware. We have verified the design using functional simulations and have used static timing analysis of a Xilinx field-programmable gate array (7 series) to provide a practical upper bound on the speed at which the adaptive measurement processing can be performed, in turn constraining the photonic clock rate of the system. The design and testing system is freely available for use as the basis of analysis of more complex designs, incorporating more recent proposals for photonic quantum computing. Our work points to the importance of codesigning the classical control system in tandem with the quantum system in order to meet the challenging specifications of a photonic quantum computer.
INDEX TERMS: Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) | measurement and feed-forward | measurement based quantum computing (MBQC) | photonic quantum computing | timing analysis.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A survey on security in internet of things with a focus on the impact of emerging technologies
بررسی امنیت در اینترنت اشیا با تمرکز بر تاثیر فناوری های نوظهور-2022
Internet of Things (IoT) have opened the door to a world of unlimited possibilities for imple- mentations in varied sectors in society, but it also has many challenges. One of those challenges is security and privacy. IoT devices are more susceptible to security threats and attacks. Due to constraints of the IoT devices such as area, power, memory, etc., there is a lack of security so- lutions that are compatible with IoT devices and applications, which is leading this world of securely connected things to the “internet of insecure things.” A promising solution to this problem is going beyond the standard or classical techniques to implementing the security so- lutions in the hardware of the IoT device. The integration of emerging technologies in IoT net- works, such as machine learning, blockchain, fog/edge/cloud computing, and quantum computing have added more vulnerable points in the network. This paper introduces a comprehensive study on IoT security threats and solutions. Additionally, this survey outlines how emerging technologies such as machine learning and blockchain are integrated in IoT, challenges resulted from this integration, and potential solutions to these challenges. The paper utilizes the 4-layer IoT architecture as a reference to identify security issues with corresponding solutions.
keywords: اینترنت اشیا | امنیت | فراگیری ماشین | بلاک چین | تهدیدها | راه حل های امنیتی | IoT | Security | Machine learning | Blockchain | Threats | Security solutions
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Advanced digital forensics and anti-digital forensics for IoT systems: Techniques, limitations and recommendations
پزشکی قانونی دیجیتال پیشرفته و پزشکی قانونی ضد دیجیتال برای سیستم های اینترنت اشیا: تکنیک ها، محدودیت ها و توصیه ها-2022
Recently, the number of cyber attacks against IoT domains has increased tremendously. This resulted into both human and financial losses at all IoT levels especially individual and organization levels. Recently, cyber-criminals have kept on leveraging new skills and capabilities by conducting anti-forensics activities and employing techniques and tools to cover their tracks to evade any possible detection of the attack’s events, which has targeted either the IoT system or/and its component(s). Consequently, IoT cyber-attacks are becoming more efficient and more sophisticated with higher risks and threat levels based on their more frequent likelihood to occur and their impact. However, traditional security and forensics solutions are no longer enough to prevent nor investigate such cyber attacks, especially in terms of acquiring evidence for attack investigation. Hence, the need for well-defined, sophisticated, and advanced forensics investigation techniques is highly required to prevent anti-forensics techniques and track down cyber criminals. This paper reviews the different forensics and anti-forensics methods that can be applied in the IoT domain including tools, techniques, types, and challenges, while also discussing the rise of the anti-anti-forensics as a new forensics protection mechanism against anti-forensics activities. This would help forensics investigators to better understand the different anti-forensics tools, methods and techniques that cyber criminals employ while launching their attacks. Moreover, the limitations of the current forensics techniques are discussed, especially in terms of issues and challenges. Finally, this paper presents a holistic view from a literature point of view over the forensics domain in general and for IoT in particular.
Keywords: IoT digital-forensics | IoT anti-forensics | Anti-anti-forensics techniques | Counter anti-forensics | Internet of things forensics | Internet of Forensics Things | IoT digital forensics investigation | IoT source of evidences | Protecting and preserving IoT evidences
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Evaluation of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests in nasopharyngeal swabs: Better knowledge for better patient management?
ارزیابی شش تست آنتی ژن سریع SARS-COV-2 در سواب های نازوفارنکس: دانش بهتر برای مدیریت بهتر بیمار؟-2021
Robust antigen point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 tests have been proposed as an efficient tool to address the COVID-19 pandemic. This requirement was raised after acknowledging the constraints that are brought by molecular biology. However, worldwide markets have been flooded with cheap and potentially underperforming lateral flow assays. Herein we retrospectively compared the overall performance of five qualitative rapid antigen SARS- CoV-2 assays and one quantitative automated test on 239 clinical swabs. While the overall sensitivity and specificity are relatively similar for all tests, concordance with molecular based methods varies, ranging from 75,7% to 83,3% among evaluated tests. Sensitivity is greatly improved when considering patients with higher viral excretion (Ct≤33), proving that antigen tests accurately distinguish infectious patients from viral shedding. These results should be taken into consideration by clinicians involved in patient triage and management, as well as by national authorities in public health strategies and for mass campaign approaches.
keywords: SARS-DONE-2 | تست های آنتی ژن سریع | rt-pcr | کووید -19 | SARS-CoV-2 | Rapid antigen tests | RT-PCR | COVID-19
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America
سیاست پشت دانش علمی: مدیریت جنگل پایدار در آمریکای لاتین-2021
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) seeks to achieve an equilibrium in the economic, social and environ- mental value of all types of forests. This practice contrasts with the conventional view of managing forests, in which the focus is productivity. Thus, discussions about conventional forest management versus sustainable forest management play a central role in the political and scientific agendas. However, knowledge production and its direction can be biased by different contextual factors such as the way funding is assigned by each country, institutional priorities, and constraints on international cooperation. With this paper, we aim to analyze the contribution of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America within the sustainable forest management research landscape by applying a literature review method (Scopus database for 2015–2018 period). Our results show a similar contribution of national and foreign funds and institutions supporting scientific knowledge about SFM in Latin America. Foreign funding comes mainly from United States of America, and Europe. Latin American authors lead high proportion of scientific articles, and authorship gender was more equitable between male and female researchers. The studies were mostly focused on conservation combined with productivity goals, as well as pure conservation goals, although social studies and restoration goals were also present. Our findings highlight a significant contribution to the paradigm shift in half of the scientific articles. Some studies provided recom- mendations (specific or general) derived from their results, but we did not detected a clear relationship with funding origin. Moreover, we found that the high contribution to the paradigm shift (studies supporting SFM instead of traditional management) came from institutions based in Latin America. This article aims to contribute to discussions related to scientific funding in Latin America, the North-South scientific relations, and the future of forest in times of climate change.
keywords: سیاست های جنگلداری | همکاری بین المللی | بررسی ادبیات | منابع طبیعی | تحقیق و توسعه | بودجه پژوهشی | Forestry policies | International cooperation | Literature review | Natural resources | Research and development | Research funding
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Becoming a scholarly management practitioner – Entanglements between the worlds of practice and scholarship
تبدیل شدن به یک متخصص مدیریت علمی - درهم تنیدگی بین دنیای عمل و بورسیه-2021
Our contribution in this paper is to elucidate how doctoral education can enable professionals to develop through an experiential pedagogy that is based on a theoretical model of scholarly management practice. It will draw from our experience of designing and running a large online DBA with participants from across the world. We present a model of Scholarly Management Practice and explain how its use differentiates this approach to doctoral education from others in that there is a clear focus on how holders of the DBA enact their management practice, charac- terized by an orientation to problematization, inquiry, dialogue and critical reflection. We describe the design and underlying theoretical and philosophical rationale for how the program elements articulate together to stimulate the development of scholarly management practitioners. The implications for teaching and learning are presented in the form of a description and ratio- nale for the design of the program in its three stages. We illustrate the trajectory of potential development as a doctoral practitioner through the vignette of one student’s journey. We also reflect on the limitations and lessons learned of our own theorising and practice in the devel- opment and delivery of this DBA.
keywords: Doctoral education | Scholarly practice | Online learning | Management education | DBA
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Accounting and accountability for farm animals: Conceptual limits and the possibilities of caring
حسابداری و پاسخگویی برای حیوانات مزرعه: محدودیت های مفهومی و امکان مراقبت-2021
This study explores dairy farmers’ accounts of farm animals in a context heavily influenced by the concept of farm animal welfare (FAW). We illustrate how external demands linked to FAW, performance concerns, and proximity to animals shape farmers’ formal and cognitive accounts of animals. We explain how different accounts underlie farmers’ accountability for animals. Using FAW as an example of a referent concept, we propose that accountability can be limited conceptually by its referent. This limit is not a matter of its (in)ability to account fully for all lived experiences. Rather, it is a matter of what one is or is not accountable for—such as the mortality rate but not culling—as well as assumptions regarding the referent—such as the nature of animal welfare and how it can be assessed and safeguarded. Even when it is conceptually bounded in this way, self-accountability has potential to alter farming practices by reflecting on caring about animals and on what this implies for oneself and the animals.
keywords: رفاه حیوانات مزرعه | حسابداری | مسئوليت | حیوانات | محدودیت پاسخگویی | اهميت دادن | Farm animal welfare | Accounting | Accountability | Animals | Limits of accountability | Care
مقاله انگلیسی
8 A supply chain model with service level constraints and strategies under uncertainty
یک مدل زنجیره تامین با محدودیت ها و استراتژی های سطح خدمات تحت عدم قطعیت-2021
In the current socio-economic situation, the daily demand for essential goods in the business sector is always changing owing to various unavoidable reasons. As a result, choosing the right method for profitable business has become quite tricky. This study introduces different business strategies based on constant and fuzzy demands. There are two types of constraints considered in this model to avoid the backorder cost. However, combining the service-level constraints with the constant and fuzzy demand, this study compares the total costs, and finally, the best strategy is established. Moreover, investing a small amount, this model improves the quality of the products and reduces the vendor’s setup cost. Depending on the number of transported products, this model follows the transportation discount policy for hassle-free delivery of the products with a minimum delivery rate. The Kuhn-Tucker optimization technique is employed, and global optimality is verified numerically, analytically using the Hessian matrix. This model’s robustness is discussed through a comparative study, numerical examples, sensitivity analysis, graphical representation, and managerial insights. Finally, some concluding remarks along with future extensions are discussed.
KEYWORDS: Supply chain management (SCM) | Controllable lead time | Fuzzy demand | Transportation discounts | Distribution-free approach (DFA) | Service level constraints (SLC)
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Efficiency assessment in co-production systems based on modified emergy accounting approach
ارزیابی کارایی در سیستم های تولید مشترک بر اساس رویکرد حسابداری اضطراری اصلاح شده-2021
Emergy accounting in a system with co-production branch is of great scientific interest since each branch cor- responds to a different transformity value. In previous studies, limitations associated with emergy accounting in co-production systems have been highlighted where some “inputs” have to be added to obtain a “useful” product from a “co-product” – giving rise to inaccuracies in the emergy accounting process. To address these method- ological aspects of emergy assessment in co-production systems, a modified physical quantity method (MPQM) – that goes in line with the standard emergy algebra – has been proposed in order to provide a different perspective for accounting co-products efficiency. The robustness of MPQM has been verified by taking the case study of Eucalyptus pulp production and a comparison is made against conventional and energy/exergy weighting methods. As per the results, MPQM was able to provide accurate results for co-production systems as compared with other emergy accounting methods. However, the case of Eucalyptus pulp production was found to be “inefficient” following the MPQM approach. These findings are expected to strengthen the methodological as- pects of emergy accounting based on the physical quantity criterion.
keywords: ظهور | سیستم تولید همکاری | روش فیزیکی اصلاح شده | دگرگونی | ارزیابی کارایی | Emergy | Co-production system | Modified physical quantity method | Transformity | Efficiency assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Utilizing LiDAR data to map tree canopy for urban ecosystem extent and condition accounts in Oslo
با استفاده از داده های LIDAR به نقشه سایبان درخت برای اکوسیستم های شهری و حساب های وضعیت در اسلو-2021
LiDAR-based segmentation of urban tree canopies and their physical properties (canopy height, canopy diameter, 3D surface and volume) is a replicable, complementary and useful information source for urban ecosystem condition accounts, and an important basis for ecosystem service modeling and valuation. However, using available LiDAR data collected for municipal purposes other than vegetation mapping (such as for example engineering) entails a level of accuracy which may limit the usefulness of the data for change detection in ecosystem accounts. To account for changes in the urban tree canopy of Oslo (capital city of Norway) between 2011 and 2017, a segmentation model was developed based on available airborne LiDAR data scanned for general purposes. The results from the entire built-up area of Oslo indicate a general increase in the number of tall trees (>15 m) and a moderate increase in the number of small trees (<15 m), with the exception of trees between 6 and 10 m which seem to have a relatively constant development over the given period. The total tree canopy area within the built-up area increased by 17.15%, with a corresponding 21.35% increase in the tree canopy volume. The results for the Small House plan area, a policy focus area subject to urban densification and special regulations for felling of large trees, indicate a large increase in small trees (<10 m) and a moderate decrease in tall trees (>10 m). The total tree canopy area within the Small House plan area decreased by 1.04%, with a corresponding 2.13% decrease in the tree canopy volume. With respect to the segmentation accuracy, the changes in aggregate tree canopy cover are too small to determine canopy change with confidence. This study demonstrates the potential for identifying ecosystem condition indicators as well as the limitations of using general purpose LiDAR data to improve the precision of urban ecosystem accounting. For future ecosystem service accounting in urban environments, we recommend that municipalities implement data acquisition programs that combine concurrent field data sampling and LiDAR campaigns designed for urban tree canopy detection, as part of general urban structural inventorying. We recommend using LiDAR and satellite remote sensing data depending on canopy densities. We also recommend that future tree canopy segmentation is done within a cloud-computing environment to ensure sufficient geoprocessing capacity.
keywords: تشخیص نور و محدوده (LIDAR) | سیستم های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) | سنجش از راه دور | حسابداری اکوسیستم | خدمات محیط زیستی | تقسیم بندی سایبان درخت | Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) | Geographical Information Systems (GIS) | Remote sensing | Ecosystem accounting | Ecosystem services | Tree canopy segmentation
مقاله انگلیسی
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