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نتیجه جستجو - مداخله دولت

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Sustainable supply chain management considering technology investments and government intervention
مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تأمین با در نظر گرفتن سرمایه گذاری های فن آوری و مداخلات دولت-2021
With the aggravation of the global environmental crisis, consumers are keen to use green products, and enterprises are more committed to technology investment and innovation to meet consumers’ green preferences. This study considers a supply chain system composed of one manufacturer and one retailer, where the manufacturer invests in green emission reduction technology (GERT) to reduce carbon emissions, and the retailer invests in information disclosure technology to transmit the higher greenness quality of products to consumers. We discuss the technology investment decisions and cooperation strategies between the manufacturer and the retailer, as well as the impacts of government regulations on supply chain members’ decisions. We consider three scenarios: decentralized, government intervention, and cost sharing and government intervention. We derive the optimal technology investment decisions of the manufacturer and retailer. In addition, we identify the conditions for the manufacturer to subsidize the retailer’s disclosure technology costs. The results show that a higher emission reduction subsidy encourages GERT investments and increases supply chain members’ profits. However, when the government sets a higher emission reduction standard, the subsidy neither increases the emission reduction nor benefits the retailer, and hurts the manufacturer’s profit. We also demonstrate that when there is cost sharing and government intervention, emission reduction and supply chain performance are always better than in the other scenarios.
Keywords: Emission reduction | Information disclosure | Technology investments | Government intervention | Sustainable supply chain management
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Impact of fuel-efficient technology on automotive and fuel supply chain under government intervention: A case study
تأثیر فناوری کم مصرف بر روی زنجیره تأمین سوخت و خودرو تحت مداخله دولت: مطالعه موردی-2021
Transportation is one of the most influential factors in greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. This paper studies a network with an automotive supply chain that includes one supplier and one manufacturer next to a fuel supply chain consisting of a fuel manufacturer, operating under government intervention. The car manufacturer sells its green and non-green products under the dual-channel system with stochastic demand and demand leakage. To decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the car manufacturer invests in fuel-efficient technology for green products to reduce car fuel consumption. Moreover, due to increasing public awareness of environmental issues, the supplier invests in greening efforts to provide raw materials for fuel-efficient cars. The fuel manufacturer determines the fuel price under the government supervision and the government considers subsidies to support it. The fuel manufacturer has the opportunity to export the surplus fuel to other markets at a higher price. The government supports the production of fuel-efficient cars with two policies of subsidy-taxation and granting loans to customers. By doing so, the car manufacturer improves the level of fuel-efficient technology and the greening efforts of the supplier are increased. Additionally, the amount of fuel consumption in the internal market is reduced and the fuel manufacturer can export more fuel to the external market. As a result, the profit of all members increases simultaneously and environmental conditions improve. This model is studied under two scenarios for the distribution function of stochastic part of demand: (1) the Stackelberg scenario with complete information as a uniform distribution function and (2) the Nash scenario with partial information on a distribution-free approach. Some numerical examples based on real cases are provided to examine the capability of the proposed models. Finally, some sensitivity analyses are applied to the main parameters to extract several in-depth managerial concepts.
Keywords: Automotive supply chain | Fuel-efficient car | Greening efforts | Government intervention | Technology level | Distribution-free approach
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Improving interaction mechanism of carbon reduction technology innovation between supply chain enterprises and government by means of differential game
Improving interaction mechanism of carbon reduction technology innovation between supply chain enterprises and government by means of differential game-2021
For encouraging the manufacturer and supplier to innovate in carbon reduction technology, the gov- ernment tends to set a number of mandatory standards and some punitive measures in practice. However, research on the regulatory ability of the government and the relationship between govern- mental regulation and enterprises’ carbon reduction technology innovation is often neglected. Thus, the bilateral interaction mechanism between the government and enterprises should be established in which enterprises and governments constantly adjust individual decisions to response to the other, so as to improve the carbon emission reduction of enterprises and the level of government regulation. We use differential game methods to study the interaction between carbon reduction technology innovation and government intervention under decentralized decision without cost sharing, decentralized decision with cost sharing and centralized decision respectively. We find that the optimal level of carbon reduction technology innovation under decentralized decision is the same as centralized situation when there is no cost sharing. Furthermore, the optimal levels of government intervention are also the same in both cases. However, the optimal level of carbon reduction technology innovation and government intervention will be improved only in the case that cost-sharing proportion reaches a certain range. Therefore, a positive interaction mechanism between carbon reduction technology innovation of enterprise and intervention of government can be established. Theoretically, our paper reveals a new perspective in the research of the relationship between government and enterprises in the process of carbon reduction technology innovation and use differential game methods to study the interaction between carbon reduction technology innovation and government intervention. In practice, this paper can help government and enterprises to form a closer cooperative relationship in reducing carbon emissions. The government should give full consideration for enterprises’ actual production capacity when taking intervention measures. Meanwhile, enterprises should refer to the intervention indicators of the government when conducting carbon reduction technology innovations.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Differential game | Emission reduction | Government intervention | Cost-sharing | Carbon reduction technology innovation | Supply chain enterprises
مقاله انگلیسی
4 قرارداد بهینه با شرکت های نظامی و امنیتی خصوصی
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 21 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 51
شرکت های نظامی و امنیتی خصوصی (PMSCs) توجه رسانه ها و محققان را بخصوص به دلیل نقش حیاتیشان در جنگ افغانستان سال 2001 و عراق 2003به دست اورده اند. با این وجود، دیدگاه های نظری به مشکلات اصلی نمایندگی هنگام به کارگیریPMSCs و روش تشویق بهینه ان ها ، نادر هستند. ما رابطه پیچیده بین مداخله دولت، دولت میزبان و PMSC، با محاسبه واگرایی مصلحت های همه طرف های درگیر و همچنین مشکلات بالقوه آژانس را بررسی کرده ایم . ما توسعه یک مدل نظری مشخص و بهینه یک دولت را انتخاب کردیم که یک وظیفه در ارتباط با دخالتهای اعزامی انها، و یا استخدام یکPMSC و طراحی قرارداد بهینه را انجام دهیم. ما متوجه شدیم که ممکن است استخدام PMSCsبهینه باشد حتی اگرآنها انتظار داشته باشند تا کار بدتری از وساطت دولت را خودشان باید انجام دهند. بنابراین، شهرت دولت در پاداشPMSCsبرای عملکرد خوب حیاتی است و ممکن است آن فقط برای تعداد محدودی از PMSCs بهینه کند - که لزوما همیشه کارآمد ترین ارائه دهندگان نیستند.
کلمات کلیدی: ناسازگاری های بین المللی | شرکت های نظامی و امنیتی خصوصی | مخاطرات اخلاقی | قراردادهای رابطه ای
مقاله ترجمه شده
5 بودجه دولتی تحقیق و توسعه و تاثیر آن بر ترکیب هزینه تحقیق و توسعه کسب و کار
سال انتشار: 2014 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 24
این مقاله در مورد اثرات بالقوه یارانه های دولتی اختصاص یافته به تحقیق و توسعه در مسائل استراتژیک برای شرکت ها بحث می کند و در مورد ترکیب هزینه های داخلی و خارجی تحقیق و توسعه تصمیم گیری می کند. تجزیه و تحلیل برخی استدلال ها که در گزارشات رشته مدیریت وجود دارد مداخله دولت را بوسیله اعطای یارانه های تحقیق و توسعه تاثیر گذار بر ترکیب هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه را مورد بحث قرار می دهد. برای انجام این کار ، ما داده های جمع آوری شده از نظرسنجی در مورد استراتژی های کسب و کار را در یک دوره زمانی بین سال های 1991 تا 2008 مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار دادیم. نتایج تایید کردند که بودجه عمومی تخصیص یافته از طریق یارانه ها به هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه تاثیر مثبتی بر تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و بخصوص در تصمیم گیری در زمینه انجام تحقیق و توسعه داخلی و خارجی به صورت هم زمان دارد.
کلمات کلیدی: استراتژی نوآوری | سیاست تکنولوژی | ارزیابی یارانه های تحقیق و توسعه | مدل های انتخابی | داخلی و خارجی | تحقیق و توسعه
مقاله ترجمه شده
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