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نتیجه جستجو - مدیریت پسماند

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 21
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Computer vision for solid waste sorting: A critical review of academic research
بینایی کامپیوتری برای تفکیک زباله جامد: مروری انتقادی تحقیقات دانشگاهی-2022
Waste sorting is highly recommended for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Increasingly, computer vision (CV), robotics, and other smart technologies are used for MSW sorting. Particularly, the field of CV- enabled waste sorting is experiencing an unprecedented explosion of academic research. However, little atten- tion has been paid to understanding its evolvement path, status quo, and prospects and challenges ahead. To address the knowledge gap, this paper provides a critical review of academic research that focuses on CV-enabled MSW sorting. Prevalent CV algorithms, in particular their technical rationales and prediction performance, are introduced and compared. The distribution of academic research outputs is also examined from the aspects of waste sources, task objectives, application domains, and dataset accessibility. The review discovers a trend of shifting from traditional machine learning to deep learning algorithms. The robustness of CV for waste sorting is increasingly enhanced owing to the improved computation powers and algorithms. Academic studies were un- evenly distributed in different sectors such as household, commerce and institution, and construction. Too often, researchers reported some preliminary studies using simplified environments and artificially collected data. Future research efforts are encouraged to consider the complexities of real-world scenarios and implement CV in industrial waste sorting practice. This paper also calls for open sharing of waste image datasets for interested researchers to train and evaluate their CV algorithms.
keywords: زباله جامد شهری | تفکیک زباله | بینایی ماشین | تشخیص تصویر | یادگیری ماشین | یادگیری عمیق | Municipal solid waste | Waste sorting | Computer vision | Image recognition | Machine learning | Deep learning
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A flexible risk assessment framework for marine plastic pollution that synthesizes waste management and ecological impact data
یک چارچوب ارزیابی ریسک انعطاف‌پذیر برای آلودگی پلاستیکی دریایی که داده‌های مدیریت زباله و اثرات زیست‌محیطی را ترکیب می‌کند-2021
The vast quantity of plastic in the world’s ocean poses an urgent problem for marine ecosystems and coastal communities. While considerable research has aimed to understand how plastics impact marine life, there remains a gap in connecting this knowledge with waste management practices. Because these practices often determine the end fate of plastic items, bridging this gap is critical to reducing the flow of harmful plastics into the ocean. The framework proposed here identifies policy actions to reduce consumption of high-impact plastics using a compound risk score that encompasses both an item’s likelihood of entering the ocean and its negative ecological impact. We illustrate the framework’s application using a case study of single-use plastic (SUP) consumption at a large Canadian university. We quantified SUPs purchased over one year at the University of British Columbia and collected data from its associated waste management system to identify factors that influence an item’s end fate. We used these data to estimate the relative risk of items exiting the recycling stream, then combined this with published data on the items’ marine impacts to calculate their compound risk scores. The results identify high-risk plastic items to prioritize in waste reduction strategies and lower-risk alternatives. The results also highlight specific policy avenues to improve the efficiency of the focal waste management system. This framework is flexible to diverse contexts, requiring only information about plastic consumption and waste management practices. It is thus an accessible and useful tool to support local transitions toward a reduced marine footprint.
keywords: Risk assessment Waste management | Plastic pollution | Marine debris
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Reduction of waste and carbon emission through the selection of items with cross-price elasticity of demand to form a sustainable supply chain with preservation technology
کاهش انتشار زباله و انتشار کربن از طریق انتخاب مواردی با کشش تقاضای متقابل قیمت برای تشکیل یک زنجیره تأمین پایدار با فناوری حفظ-2021
Carbon emission plays a vital role in global warming. In addition to this, wastages due to the deterioration have a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. The responsible managers’ primary concern is to form a sustainable supply chain. Further, supply chain managers select some appropriate combinations when dealing with items that possess cross-price elasticity of demand to make a profitable system. The present model aims to make a sustainable supply chain to reduce waste by obtaining the optimal values of production rate, batch size, several shipments, and preservation investment such that the total profit of the system is maximum. In the present study, a supply chain model with two manufacturers and one common retailer is developed. The proposed supply chain deals with products having negative or positive cross-price elasticity of demand. The carbon emission is also considered, which is associated with different operational activities of inventory such as preparation of setup of manufacturers, transportation of products, waste management, and holding stock at manufacturers and the retailer’s end. The objective function in the present study is a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem. A solution method- ology based on differential calculus is adopted. The result shows that products of low negative or high positive cross-price elasticity are a profitable combination. Additionally, a 20% reduction in wastage quantity is observed due to the investment in preservation technology. This result indicates that preservation technology positively impacts the environment and the finance associated with the inventory system. The proposed integrated system’s sustainability is illustrated with numerical examples, sensitivity analysis, and pictorial representation. In addition to this, several valuable managerial insights based on the study are provided.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Deterioration | Sustainability | carbon emission | Preservation technology | Waste management | Supply chain management
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Circular economy practices within energy and waste management sectors of India: A meta-analysis
شیوه های اقتصاد مدور در بخش های انرژی و مدیریت پسماند هند: فراتحلیل-2020
Adoption of circular practices within environmental management is gaining worldwide recognition owing to rapid resource depletion and detrimental effects of climate change. The present study therefore attempted to ascertain the linkages between circular economy (CE) and sustainable development (SD) by examining the role of renewable energy (RE) and waste management (WM) sectors in CE combined with policy setup and enabling frameworks boosting the influx of circularity principles in the Indian context. Results revealed that research dedicated towards energy recovery from waste in India lacks integration with SD. Findings also revealed that although India is extremely dedicated towards attainment of the SDGs, penetration of CE principles within administration requires considerable efforts especially since WM regulations for municipal, plastic and e-waste lack alignment with CE principles. Integration of WM and RE policies under an umbrella CE policy would provide further impetus to the attainment of circularity and SD within the Indian economy.
Keywords: Circular economy | India | Policy frameworks | Renewable energy | Sustainable development goals | Waste management
مقاله انگلیسی
5 When all seemed lost. A social network analysis of the waste-related environmental movement in Campania, Italy
یک تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی از جنبش زیست محیطی مربوط به زباله ها در کامپانیا ، ایتالیا-2020
The Italian region of Campania and its capital Naples have epitomized waste management failure in Europe since 2008 when international media covered extensively the waste crisis occurring there. In response to the crisis, the Italian national government took an authoritarian turn in waste policies and criminalized citizens’ grievances and mobilizations against waste-facility siting in Campania. The state authorities’ intervention gained popular consent and obscured the multifaceted and unjust geographies of waste management in the region. It was a serious blow for the waste-related justice movement in Campania. However, just when waste management seemed under control the movement re-emerged stronger and more effective than it had been prior to the 2008 crisis. Activists created a new counter narrative and liberated themselves from the constraints imposed by the repressive measures of the national government. They built a new frame around the unhealthy space, whose expansion, they maintained, was caused by the waste-related contamination. Yet the strength of the movement and its transformation following 2008 can only be fully understood when the structural property and the components of the EJ activists’ networks are also considered. We apply a Social Network Analysis to show how an effective environmental justice movement requires a cohesive and robust network as well as a comprehensive narrative. The waste-related movement in Campania went from being an archipelago of isolated clusters of organizations with a plural but fragmented claims (before 2008), to a tightly interconnected network supporting a unified political platform (after 2008). We link together the reframing of the movement around health issues with the reconfiguration of activist networks. We use the Campania case to show how environmental justice movements might overcome repression and criminalization and progress toward social justice and ecologically sound transformations.
Keywords: Environmental justice | Grassroot environmentalism | Waste management | Social network analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Is the private sector more efficient? Big data analytics of construction waste management sectoral efficiency
آیا بخش خصوصی کارآمدتر است؟ تجزیه و تحلیل داده های بزرگ از کارآیی بخش مدیریت زباله های ساختمانی-2020
Efficiency disparity between the public and private sectors is a non-trivial issue that concerns fundamental choices of socio-political-economic systems. Waste management academia and industry also wrestle with issues relating to the choice between public and private sectors. To examine the disparity exclusively caused by “sector”, in statistics language, one needs data that is sufficiently big to control many other confounders, e.g., sites, project types, and construction technologies. This paper attempts to ascertain the construction waste management (CWM) efficiency disparity between the public and private sectors by using big data in Hong Kong. The waste disposal records of 132 projects, including 70 public and 62 private projects, were extracted and analysed. By comparing the waste generation flows (WGFs) and accumulative WGFs, it is found that, by and large, there is no significant efficiency disparity in CWM between the two sectors. However, a closer investigation discovered that the private sector outperforms their public counterpart in demolition projects, while the latter performs better in foundation and new building projects. Although there are private projects with higher CWM performance, their divergence between the best and average projects are larger than public ones. Such findings thus reject casual remarks that the private sector is more efficient in CWM. The underlying reasons maybe the waste management index practice promoted in public projects while the private sector is often incentivized to perform better CWM to save waste disposal levies. Future research is recommended to delve into the causes of the efficiency disparity and introduce CWM interventions accordingly.
Keywords: Public-private disparity | Economic efficiency | Construction waste management | Big data | Hong Kong
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Is the private sector more efficient? Big data analytics of construction waste management sectoral efficiency
آیا بخش خصوصی کارآمدتر است؟ تجزیه و تحلیل داده های بزرگ از کارآیی بخش مدیریت زباله های ساختمانی-2020
Efficiency disparity between the public and private sectors is a non-trivial issue that concerns fundamental choices of socio-political-economic systems. Waste management academia and industry also wrestle with issues relating to the choice between public and private sectors. To examine the disparity exclusively caused by “sector”, in statistics language, one needs data that is sufficiently big to control many other confounders, e.g., sites, project types, and construction technologies. This paper attempts to ascertain the construction waste management (CWM) efficiency disparity between the public and private sectors by using big data in Hong Kong. The waste disposal records of 132 projects, including 70 public and 62 private projects, were extracted and analysed. By comparing the waste generation flows (WGFs) and accumulative WGFs, it is found that, by and large, there is no significant efficiency disparity in CWM between the two sectors. However, a closer investigation discovered that the private sector outperforms their public counterpart in demolition projects, while the latter performs better in foundation and new building projects. Although there are private projects with higher CWM performance, their divergence between the best and average projects are larger than public ones. Such findings thus reject casual remarks that the private sector is more efficient in CWM. The underlying reasons maybe the waste management index practice promoted in public projects while the private sector is often incentivized to perform better CWM to save waste disposal levies. Future research is recommended to delve into the causes of the efficiency disparity and introduce CWM interventions accordingly.
Keywords: Public-private disparity | Economic efficiency | Construction waste management | Big data | Hong Kong
مقاله انگلیسی
8 A preliminary assessment of industrial symbiosis in Sodankylä
ارزیابی مقدماتی از همزیستی صنعتی در Sodankylä-2020
This study focuses on developing a possible architecture of planned industrial symbiosis in Sodankylä, Finland. The municipality of Sodankylä is considering the establishment of new businesses to boost the regions local economy. The preliminary assessment presented here evaluates some new markets, including combined heat and power plants, a biogas reactor, greenhouse farm, fish farm and several insect farms. These businesses should be able to fulfil the criteria of sustainability and circular economy. This study proposes an architecture where companies can quantify the value and the cost of material exchange. The combined life cycle cost and the net present value of symbiosis are estimated at €93 and €43 million respectively. The combined life cycle cost of waste management is calculated to be €6.40 million. The studys novelty is its projection of the quantified cost of bio-waste and recyclable waste of industries, highlighting the monetary value of industrial symbiosis where waste products can turn into industries raw material. The value gained and cost reduced by such symbiosis is forecast at 14.65% and 6.8% respectively.
Keywords: Industrial symbiosis | Life cycle cost of waste management | Architecture of industrial symbiosis | Material exchange | Circular economy
مقاله انگلیسی
9 مدیریت زباله های جامد شهری در طول شیوع SARS-COV-2 و سهولت قرنطینه: درس هایی از ایتالیا
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 19
ادبیات مربوط به زباله های جامد شهری در رابطه با COVID-19 کمیاب است. بر اساس تجربه ایتالیا، مقاله حاضر به استراتژی هایی با هدف جلوگیری از شیوع دوم ویروس کمک می کند. در واقع، سوء مدیریت زباله های جامد شهری می تواند استراتژی ها را در طول سهولت قرنطینه تضعیف کند. در طول شیوع SARS-COV-2 در ایتالیا، کاهش کلی در نرخ جمع آوری انتخابی وجود داشت (-15٪ در یک شهرداری با سیستم جمع آوری خانه به خانه به خوبی توسعه یافته). تأخیر در انتشار دستورالعمل‌های مدیریت پسماند بر ایمنی اپراتورهای جمع‌آوری زباله‌های بالقوه آلوده تأثیر گذاشت. برخلاف انتظارات، ماسک‌ها و دستکش‌های یک‌بار مصرف تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر مدیریت پسماند. با این حال، پراکندگی ماسک‌ها و دستکش‌های رها شده در خارج از محیط‌های داخلی باعث ایجاد مشکلات زیست‌محیطی می‌شود. توصیه هایی در مورد مدیریت پسماند و حفاظت از اپراتورهای زباله مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. در نهایت، دستورالعمل هایی در مورد مناسب ترین تصفیه زباله از قبل ارسال و تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. نتایج ارائه شده در این مقاله نشان می دهد که بخش مدیریت MSW راه حل های مفیدی برای مقابله با COVID-19 پیدا کرده است. با این حال، این راه حل ها به اندازه کافی به اشتراک گذاشته نمی شوند. مطالعه موردی تحلیل‌شده در کار حاضر می‌تواند به تعریف استراتژی‌هایی برای پیشگیری یا کنترل اپیدمی‌های مشابه یا دوره‌های همه‌گیر آینده کمک کند.
کلید واژه ها: کووید -19 | زباله جامد شهری | عفونت | امنیت شغلی | SARS-COV-2 | مجموعه انتخابی
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 An anatomy of waste generation flows in construction projects using passive bigger data
آناتومی جریان تولید زباله در پروژه های ساختمانی با استفاده از داده های بزرگتر -2020
Understanding waste generation flow is vital to any evidence-based effort by policy-makers and practitioners to successfully manage construction project waste. Previous research has found that accumulative waste generation in construction projects follows an S-curve, but improving our understanding of waste generation requires its investigation at a higher level of granularity. Such efforts, however, are often constrained by lack of quality ‘‘bigger” data, i.e. data that is bigger than normal small data. This research aims to provide an anatomy of waste generation flow in building projects by making use of a large set of data on waste generation in 19 demolition, 59 foundation, and 54 new building projects undertaken in Hong Kong between 2011 and 2019. We know that waste is generated in far from a steady stream as it is always impacted by contingent factors. However, we do find that peaks of waste generation in foundation projects appear when project duration is at 50–85%, and in new building projects at 40–70% of total project time. Our research provides useful information for waste managers in developing their waste management plans, arranging waste hauling logistics, and benchmarking waste management performance.
Keywords: Construction waste management | Waste generation flow | Building projects | Bigger data
مقاله انگلیسی
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