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نتیجه جستجو - مدیریت

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5498
ردیف عنوان نوع
91 Knowledge in pre-hospital emergency and risk management among outdoor adventure practitioners in East Africa afro-alpine mountains
دانش در اورژانس قبل از بیمارستان و مدیریت ریسک در میان تمرینکنندگان ماجراجویی در فضای باز در کوه های آفریقای شرقی آفریقا-2021
Introduction: The enjoyment of nature and other benefits of outdoor activities happen amid inherent hazards. This calls for knowledge and competency in emergency and risk management. Practitioners in outdoor activities, such as mountaineering, thus need to be knowledgeable on how to manage risks and attend to emergencies in their practice. The study sought to establish the preparedness of East African mountaineering practitioners in pre- hospital emergency and risk management. It sought to establish their knowledge on prehospital emergency and risk management, based on their age, gender, level of education and refresher training. Methods: The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty six (N = 136) outdoor adventure practitioners from the Afro-alpine mountain areas in East Africa. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant relationship between the outdoor practitioners’ knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management and their age, gender, level of education, refresher training. Somers’ d was used to test the hypotheses. Results: It was established that the knowledge scores of prehospital emergency and risk management for the mountaineering practitioners was low. It was also established that the knowledge scores of outdoor practitioners were not dependent on their age, gender, and work experience. However, there was a significant relationship between the outdoor adventure practitioners’ knowledge scores and their highest level of education as well as refresher training. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were gaps in the knowledge of prehospital risk management of the East African Afro-alpine mountaineering practitioners. It recommends frequent and regular training and re- certification among outdoor adventure practitioners in order to raise the knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management. African relevance • Identifying prehospital emergency care knowledge by African out- • Prehospital emergency care is not emphasized in the outdoor • With inaccessible health care in African outdoors, there is need for door practitioners can guide planning for training. adventure practice in many African settings. knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management.
keywords: دانش | پیش بیمارستان | اضطراری | کوهنوردی | ماجرا | در فضای باز | Knowledge | Prehospital | Emergency | Mountaineering | Adventure | Outdoor
مقاله انگلیسی
92 Sustainable supply chain management for perishable products in emerging markets: An integrated location-inventory-routing model
مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تأمین برای محصولات فاسدشدنی در بازارهای نوظهور: یک مدل مسیریابی-موجودی-مکانیابی یکپارچه-2021
The demand for perishable products in emerging markets has been increasing. However, the perishability of products brings tremendous challenges for firms to build a sustainable supply chain. In this paper, we propose an integrated model of location-inventory-routing for perishable products, considering the factors of carbon emissions and product freshness. First, the economic cost, carbon emission levels, and freshness of the perishable products are analyzed. Second, with the goals of achieving the lowest economic cost and carbon emissions and the highest product freshness, a multi-objective planning model is developed, and constraints are established based on the actual location-inventory-routing situation. Third, the YALMIP toolbox is used to solve the model, and the optimal solution to this complex multi-objective problem is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the case study, as well as the sensitivity vehicle speed to the results. It is found that the integrated model proposed in this paper is able to significantly improve the efficiency of perishable goods supply chain management from the perspective of global optimization, and vehicle speed is able to significantly affect economic costs and carbon emissions.
Keywords: Emerging market | Sustainable operations | Perishable product supply chain | Location-inventory-routing integration | Carbon emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
93 Physicians knowledge and practice concerning diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis: The situation in Egypt
دانش و عمل پزشکان در مورد تشخیص و مدیریت آنافیلاکسی: وضعیت در مصر-2021
Introduction: Early recognition of an anaphylaxis event is crucial for instituting lifesaving management. We sought to explore knowledge and practice towards anaphylaxis in a sample of physicians from ten Egyptian governorates.
Methods: An eighteen question-based questionnaire was developed by expert allergists to evaluate the knowledge and practice towards anaphylaxis, based on the World Allergy Organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. The questionnaires were distributed, and the answered forms collected via emails, and data were tabulated, and analysed.
Results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 242 physicians completed the survey (183 (75.6%) paediatricians, 32 (13.2%) internists, 22 (9.1%) intensivists and five (2.1%) anaesthetists). Only 91 participants (37.6%) identified all the four proposed anaphylaxis clinical scenarios while 70, 45 and 36 identified three, two and one scenario, respectively. Loss of consciousness and abdominal symptoms were not recognised as possible presentations of anaphylaxis by 64.5% and 80.2% of the participants, respectively. Epinephrine was considered the first line treatment by 98 (40.5%), corticosteroids by 77 (31.8%) and antihistamines by 25 (10.3%). 75 (31%) responders identified the right dose of epinephrine while 119 (49.2%) identified the proper route. Concerning practice, 83 physicians (39.2%) used epinephrine for all cases of anaphylaxis, 88 (41.5%) used it for refractory cases only whereas 41 (19.3%) did not use epinephrine at all.
Discussion: Our survey shows that the knowledge of Egyptian physicians and their practice towards anaphylaxis are still inadequate. The current situation reinforces the need to disseminate and encourage the adoption of the international guidelines for anaphylaxis diagnosis and treatment.
keywords: آنافیلاکسی | اپینفرین | واکنش های آلرژیک کشنده | دانش | تمرین | Anaphylaxis | Epinephrine | Fatal allergic reactions | Knowledge | Practice
مقاله انگلیسی
94 Roles of gender, study major, and origins in accounting learning: A case in Thailand
نقش جنسیت، مطالعه اصلی و ریشه های یادگیری حسابداری: مورد در تایلند-2021
Management students are required to pass several quantitative subjects, such as Accounting, Business Finance, and Mathematics, during their study at the undergraduate level. There are limited studies conducted in Thailand that explored students’ learning achievement in accounting courses. This paper explored the learning achievement of undergraduate management students in the introductory accounting course at a public university in Thailand. It examined whether the achievement differs across the students’ gender, study major, and origins. Data from 906 man- agement students were taken as samples. This study relied on the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA to analyze the data. The results suggested that the performance of undergrad- uate management students in the accounting course differs significantly across genders, majors, and origins of the students.
keywords: عملکرد یادگیری | دانش آموزان مدیریت | آموزش حسابداری | جنسیت | مطالعه اصلی | ریشه | Learning performance | Management students | Accounting education | Gender | Study major | Origins
مقاله انگلیسی
95 Not just an engineering problem: The role of knowledge and understanding of ecosystem services for adaptive management of coastal erosion
فقط یک مشکل مهندسی نیست: نقش دانش و درک خدمات اکوسیستم برای مدیریت انطباق فرسایش ساحلی-2021
Coastal ecosystems are recognized as important providers of ecosystem services such as carbon storage, increased fish productivity, and wave energy reduction. In a context of climate change, coastal ecosystems are exposed to erosion and subject to coastal squeeze, even as they provide natural coastal protection against extreme weather. While civil engineering solutions often take centre stage in mitigating coastal erosion and protecting infra- structure from storms and sea level rise, we seek to explore the social dimension of adaptive management of socio-ecological systems and more specifically the role of knowledge and learning. Using an ecosystem services (ES) framework, we provide a first evaluation of local stakeholders’ perceptions of coastal habitats in maritime Quebec. The findings demonstrate the importance of a social approach for coastal ES valuation, in particular in addressing the complex question of cultural ES. A better understanding of the links between coastal stakeholders and their natural environment can help decision-makers and practitioners design conservation management and coastal adaptation measures mainstreaming the role of coastal habitats. Nevertheless, a change towards a socio- ecological perspective will require long-lasting processes that build on social capacities, such as flexible in- stitutions and multilevel governance systems.
keywords: حکومت انطباقی | ابعاد اجتماعی | فرسایش ساحلی | خدمات محیط زیستی | زیستگاه های ساحلی | ادراک ذینفعان | Adaptive governance | Social dimension | Coastal erosion | Ecosystem services | Coastal habitats | Stakeholders’ perception
مقاله انگلیسی
96 The impact of banking regulations and accounting standards on estimating discretionary loan loss provisions
تأثیر مقررات بانکی و استانداردهای حسابداری بر برآورد ذخایر زیان وام اختیاری-2021
Loan loss provisions (LLP) are relatively large accruals for commercial banks (Ahmed et al., 1999), and therefore, have a significant impact on banks’ earnings and regulatory capital. Moreover, LLP are one of the leading accounting disclosure items that offer a substantial scope of discretion to managers (Moyer, 1990). The discretionary nature of LLP makes them particularly useful in examining the impact of regulations on managerial behaviour (Kim and Kross, 1998). The main objective of LLP is to modify the banks’ loan loss reserves to reflect the expected future losses in the banks’ loan portfolio. However, prior evidence suggests that managers employ LLP to (a) manage earnings (b) manage regulatory capital, and (c) as a signal to communicate their private information to investors about future prospects (Bushman and Williams, 2012; Elliott et al., 1991; Moyer, 1990; Scholes et al., 1990). Several models have been proposed in the banking literature to estimate the expected LLP and identify the discretionary component. These models include Wahlen (1994), Beatty et al. (1995), Beaver and Engel (1996), Kim and Kross (1998), Ahmed et al. (1999), Liu and Ryan (2006), Kanagaretnam et al. (2010), Bushman and Williams (2012), Beck and Narayanmoorthy (2013), Bouvatier et al. (2014),
keywords: تامین ضرر وام | ارائه اختیاری | دارایی غیرفعال | اقلام تعهدی | رفتار مدیریتی | رویکرد متحمل ضرر | Loan loss provision | Discretionary provision | Nonperforming asset | Accruals | Managerial behaviour | Incurred-loss approach
مقاله انگلیسی
97 Cultural consensus knowledge of rice farmers for climate risk management in the Philippines
دانش اجماع فرهنگی کشاورزان برنج برای مدیریت ریسک آب و هوایی در فیلیپین-2021
Despite efforts and investments to integrate weather and climate knowledges, often dichotomized into the scientific and the local, a top-down practice of science communication that tends to ignore cultural consensus knowledge still prevails. This paper presents an empirical application of cultural consensus analysis for climate risk management. It uses mixed methods such as focus groups, freelisting, pilesorting, and rapid ethnographic assessment to understand farmers’ knowledge of weather and climate conditions in Barangay Biga, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Multi-dimensional scaling and aggregate proximity matrix of items are generated to assess the similarity among the different locally perceived weather and climate conditions. Farmers’ knowledge is then qualitatively compared with the technical classification from the government’s weather bureau. There is cultural agreement among farmers that the weather and climate con- ditions can be generally grouped into wet, dry, and unpredictable weather (Maria Loka). Damaging hazards belong into two subgroups on the opposite ends of the wet and dry scale, that is, tropical cyclone is grouped together with La Ni˜na, rainy season, and flooding season, while farmers perceive no significant difference between El Ni˜no, drought, and dry spells. Ethnographic information reveals that compared to the technocrats’ reductive knowledge, farmers imagine weather and climate conditions (panahon) as an event or a phenomenon they are actively experiencing by observing bioindicators, making sense of the interactions between the sky and the landscape, and the agroecology of pest and diseases, while being subjected to agricultural regulations on irrigation, price volatility, and control of power on subsidies and technologies. This situated local knowledge is also being informed by forecasts and advisories from the weather bureau illustrating a hybrid of technical science, both from the technocrats and the farmers, and personal experiences amidst agricultural precarities. Speaking about the hybridity of knowledge rather than localizing the scientific obliges technocrats and scientists to productively engage with different ways of knowing and the tensions that mediate farmers’ knowledge as a societal experience.
keywords: دانش اجماع | پیش بینی آب و هوا | کشاورزی | خطر ابتلا به آب و هوا | Consensus knowledge | Weather forecasting | Agriculture | Climate risk
مقاله انگلیسی
98 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2021 Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in Management of Food and Nutrition Systems
آکادمی تغذیه و رژیم‌شناسی: استانداردهای 2021 اصلاح‌شده عملکرد حرفه‌ای برای متخصصان تغذیه ثبت‌شده (لایق، ماهر و متخصص) در مدیریت سیستم‌های غذایی و تغذیه-2021
Management of food and nutrition systems (MFNS) encompasses the varied roles of registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) with administrative responsibilities for food and nutrition services within an organization. RDNs in MFNS are frequently employed in acute care, but also expand into a multitude of other settings in which management of nutrition and foodservice is required, for example, foodservice departments in assisted living and post-acute and long-term care; colleges and universities, kindergarten through grade 12 and pre-kindergarten schools and childcare; retail foodservice operations; correctional facilities; and companies that produce, distribute, and sell food products. RDNs in MFNS aim to create work environments that support high-quality customer-centered care and services, attract and retain talented staff, and foster an atmosphere of collaboration and innovation. The Management in Food and Nutrition Systems Dietetic Practice Group, with guidance from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, has revised the Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for RDNs in MFNS for 3 levels of practice: competent, proficient, and expert. The SOPP describes 6 domains that focus on professional performance: Quality in Practice, Competence and Accountability, Provision of Services, Application of Research, Communication and Application of Knowledge, and Utilization and Management of Resources. Indicators outlined in the SOPP depict how these standards apply to practice. The standards and indicators for RDNs in MFNS are written with the leader in mind—to support an individual in a leadership role or who has leadership aspirations. The SOPP is intended to be used by RDNs for self-evaluation to assure competent professional practice.
مقاله انگلیسی
99 Accounting-based downside risk and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری و خطر سقوط قیمت سهام: شواهدی از چین-2021
In the past 15 years, an emerging literature has extensively studied individual stock price crash risk, which refers to the likelihood of an abrupt and large-scale drop in stock prices (e.g., Chen et al., 2001; Hutton et al., 2009; Jin and Myers 2006; Kim et al., 2011a, Li and Zhang 2011b; Kim and Zhang 2016). An important strand of this literature focuses on the Chinese emerging markets where, arguably, the extent of “bad news hoarding” is severer compared to developed markets due to China’s less effective corporate governance environment (Wang et al., 2020). In this paper, we examine the relationship between accounting-based downside risk and stock price crash risk using a large sample of Chinese listed firms. The contribution of this study lies in a recently developed indicator of earnings fundamentals that is, arguably, more consistent with “bad news hoarding”: accounting-based downside risk, hereafter denoted as ABDR. Studies have shown that investors care more about downside losses than upside gain potentials and are therefore more sensitive to losses than to gains (e.g., Gul 1991; Kahneman and Tversky 1979). Accordingly, Koonce et al. (2005) show that economic agents judge negative and positive expectations differently in risk management, placing more emphasis on potential loss outcomes. However, earnings volatility and other existing accounting-based downside risk measures consist of both downside and upside variabilities with equal weights and little research has examined the downside risk of accounting-based measures. Konchitchki et al. (2016) are the first to construct measures of accounting-based downside risk and examine its pricing implications in U.S. markets. In particular, this study uses the relative root lower partial moment as a mathematical foundation to capture exposure to downside risk rather than the overall volatility. Accounting-based downside risk measures focus on the below-expectation variability in firm performance measures, particularly return-on-assets (ROA). We extend Konchitchki et al. (2016) by performing an investigation in the Chinese markets. Furthermore, we examine the variation
keywords: Accounting-based downside risk | Stock price crash risk | Bad-news hoarding, China | ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری | ریسک سقوط قیمت سهام | احتکار اخبار بد، چین
مقاله انگلیسی
100 Knowledge management and humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific: Practices, challenges, and future pathways
مدیریت دانش و سازمان های بشردوستانه در آسیا و اقیانوس آرام: شیوه ها، چالش ها و مسیرهای آینده-2021
While there is growing recognition amongst humanitarians that knowledge sharing and exchange are essential components of organisational efficiency and effectiveness, knowledge management processes in many human- itarian organisations are still inadequate. The review of knowledge management and international relations literature reveals limited research on the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations. This article aims to start filling this research gap by examining the use of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer in the humanitarian sector in the Asia-Pacific. It points to the embryonic stage of knowledge management and the reliance on tacit knowledge management consistent with the early stage of sector professionalization in the region. It reviews and analyses existing scholarly literature and manuals and draws on fieldwork interviews with key humanitarian personnel that primarily focus on natural hazards. The findings suggest institutional memory in the humanitarian sector remains ad hoc with limited long-term capture. There is a broad tendency in the region to rely on tacit knowledge transfer – interpersonal relationships and informal decision-making – as the dominant knowledge management practice. This reliance challenges knowledge management at the institutional level and indicates a weakness in the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations in the region. Our research raises questions about how to improve knowledge management practices within humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific with significant implications for the sector more generally. A recalibration of tacit and explicit knowledge management would build institutional memory in humanitarian organisations. This requires a dual-track approach with codified documentation of experiences and greater emphasis on an institutional culture of knowledge sharing.
keywords: آسیا و اقیانوسیه | حافظه نهادی | مدیریت بحران | مدیریت دانش | امور بشردوستانه | حکومت | Asia-pacific | Institutional memory | disaster management | Knowledge management | Humanitarian affairs | governance
مقاله انگلیسی
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