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Cybersecurity in a post-data environment: Considerations on the regulation of code and the role of producer and consumer liability in smart devices
امنیت سایبری در محیط پس از داده: ملاحظاتی در مورد تنظیم کد و نقش مسئولیت تولید کننده و مصرف کننده در دستگاه های هوشمند-2020 Smart Devices ‘cross the streams’ of both the physical and virtual worlds and can benefit
their users greatly as well as society in general. However, with the growth in popularity of
these devices, there is a corresponding growth in risks, both to the user and to the internet
at large.
This paper outlines the scope of threats which are posed by the hacking of Smart Devices and how these risks can now be physical in nature. The paper then proposes a novel methodology to apportion liability to either the manufacturer or the user, where appropriate. This methodology is based on the principle of negligence, although consumer rights and products liability are also examined from both an American and European perspective. Finally, legislative and judicial shortcomings in relation establishing liability are identified and remedies are proposed, with the intention of establishing a solid legal basis and treatment for cybersecurity. Keywords: Cybersecurity | Negligence | Products liability | Consumer rights | Internet of things |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Corporate social performance and its relation with corporate financial performance: International evidence in the banking industry
عملکرد اجتماعی شرکت و رابطه آن با عملکرد مالی شرکت: شواهد بین المللی در صنعت بانکی-2017 The economic and financial crisis that began in 2008 has raised concerns over the impact of Corporate
Social Performance (CSP) on Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). The controversies and scandals in
regard to the role of banks in the crisis have revealed failures in some CSP dimensions and questioned the
CSR policies of banks as a real strategic commitment to the main stakeholders. The financial sector has
been one of the hardest hit by the crisis. We study whether banks adopted a strategic approach to CSP
and the extent to which this approach attenuated the decrease in CFP during the crisis. To that end, we
analyze the effect of four CSP dimensions on the CFP of 154 financial entities in 22 countries, most of
them notably affected by the crisis, from 2005 to 2010. The results show that banks with better employee
relationships and corporate governance had better CFP. Nevertheless, the crisis negatively moderated
this effect in the latter, suggesting failures in corporate governance mechanisms. Contrary to what was
expected, the product responsibility dimension did not positively influence CFP. We found evidence that,
during the crisis, better relations with the community could be valued positively by investors, which, in
turn, increases CFP. The results are relevant for managers and policymakers. We recommend that banks
incorporate CSP concerns into their corporate governance mechanisms, review their commitment to
customers and attach greater importance to relations with the community. Moreover, regulatory reforms
are suggested to clarify the responsibilities of financial institutions in the design and marketing of
banking products.
Keywords: Banking | Crisis | Corporate social performance | Corporate financial performance | Corporate governance | Product responsibility | Business | Community |
مقاله انگلیسی |