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نتیجه جستجو - مصرف کنندگان

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 118
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Human perception of color differences using computer vision system measurements of raw pork loin
درک انسان از تفاوت‌های رنگی با استفاده از اندازه‌گیری‌های سیستم بینایی کامپیوتری گوشت خوک خام-2022
In the food industry, product color plays an important role in influencing consumer choices. Yet, there remains little research on the human ability to perceive differences in product color; therefore, preference testing is subjective rather than based on quantitative colors. Using a de-centralized computer-aided systematic discrim- ination testing method, we ascertain consumers’ ability to discern between systematically varied colors. As a case study, the colors represent the color variability of fresh pork as measured by a computer vision system. Our results indicate that a total color difference (ΔE) of approximately 1 is discriminable by consumers. Furthermore, we ascertain that a change in color along the b*-axis (yellowness) in CIELAB color space is most discernable, followed by the a*-axis (redness) and then the L*-axis (lightness). As developed, our web-based discrimination testing approach allows for large scale evaluation of human color perception, while these quantitative findings on meat color discrimination are of value for future research on consumer preferences of meat color and beyond.
keywords: تست تبعیض | تست مثلث | ترجیح رنگ | ظاهر غذا | رنگ گوشت | Discrimination testing | Triange test | Color preference | Food appearance | Meat color
مقاله انگلیسی
2 TUI Model for data privacy assessment in IoT networks
مدل TUI برای ارزیابی حریم خصوصی داده ها در شبکه های اینترنت اشیا-2022
The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been at the forefront of progressing societal functionality. However, the addition of IoT devices in conventional information technology (IT) infrastructure has raised and prioritized the concern of information security and data privacy. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a framework for providing information to the public about the impact of vulnerabilities and exploits executed on a multitude of devices. While the CVSS addresses a plethora of conditions for vulnerabilities, it does not adequately make end- users aware of the impact data privacy can have on their devices. The primary objective of this research work is to extend the existing CVSS and propose a new model that acknowledges Transparency, Unlinkability, and Intervenability (TUI) to address the data privacy issues of IoT devices when scoring impacts of vulnerabilities. Our research has developed this model to provide a new sufficient score for analyzing the true impact of compromised data privacy. After the development of the new scoring for TUI, our research highlights case studies to emphasize the impact our TUI model will have on the CVSS. We strongly believe that our proposed model benefit both the individual users (consumers of IoT devices) and the industry to portray the possible vulnerabilities from a user standpoint as well as a manufacturer standpoint.
keywords: حریم خصوصی داده ها | امنیت اینترنت اشیا | مدل سیا | امتیازدهی آسیب پذیری | امنیت دستگاه | ارزیابی امنیتی | Data privacy | IoT security | CIA model | Vulnerability scoring | Device security | Security assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Linking standard Economic Account for Forestry and ecosystem accounting: Total forest incomes and environmental assets in publicly-owned conifer farms in Andalusia-Spain
پیوند حساب استاندارد اقتصادی برای حسابداری جنگلداری و اکوسیستم: کل درآمد جنگل ها و دارایی های محیطی در مزارع عمومی متعلق به مالکیت در اندلس اسپانیا-2021
A major problem faced by government as trustee of society charged with conserving the nation’s forest envi- ronmental asset is that the standard Economic Account for Forestry (EAF) fails to measure the contribution of nature to total forest incomes and environmental assets. In the context of this government mission, the debate arises with regard to how to uncover the contribution of nature to the total forest incomes enjoyed by people through a refined accounting framework which extends the EAF. The latter is applied by the statistics office to estimate the values added of timber, firewood, cork, resin, industrial nut and other non-woody final products of the forest at national/sub-national scale. Bearing in mind this narrow scope of the EAF, this research proposes the application of the experimental Agroforestry Accounting System (AAS), which extends the forest incomes and environmental asset estimates by applying simulated exchange values stated/revealed by consumers for non- market public goods and services. We apply the EAF and AAS frameworks to 12 large publicly-owned pro- tected conifer forest farms which are not available for sale on the competitive land market and which cover an area of 47,262 ha in Andalusia-Spain. In this conifer farm case study, the EAF considers the economic activities of timber, firewood, aromatic plants and residential service. The AAS adds to the EAF activities those of grazing, conservation forestry, hunting, livestock, agricultural crops, livestock-keeper private amenity, fire services, free access recreation, mushrooms, carbon, landscape conservation, threatened wild biodiversity and water supply runoff stored lower down the watershed in public reservoirs. The objectives of this conifer farm case study are, first, to compare the final products and incomes estimated by applying the EAF and AAS frameworks and, second, to measure the sensitivity of conifer farm environmental assets to changes in land ownership rights and dis- counting rates in accordance with the AAS results. The conifer farm results show total income measured by the AAS is 38 times higher than the EAF net value added (NVA) for the 2010 period. The AAS economic activities of forestry conservation, fire services and landscape conservation activities generate 71% of the conifer farm labour compensation. The AAS opening environmental asset measured at the assumed competitive real baseline dis- counting rate of 3% is 6371.6 €/ha, which is 3.7 times lower than it would be if the conifer farm was available for sale on the competitive land market. The change in the baseline discounting rate chosen, from 3% to 1.5%, would lead to an increase of 116% in the value of the opening environmental asset. The above results reveal the inconsistent EAF measurement of total conifer farm incomes. The sensitivity analysis underlines the important effects on the environmental asset arising from changes in land ownership rights and discounting rates.
keywords: حساب اقتصادی برای جنگلداری | سیستم حساب های ملی | سیستم حسابداری جنگلداری | خدمات محیط زیستی | درآمد زیست محیطی | Economic account for forestry | System of national accounts | Agroforestry accounting system | Ecosystem services | Environmental income
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Distribution channel and licensing strategy choice considering consumer online reviews in a closed-loop supply chain
کانال توزیع و انتخاب استراتژی صدور مجوز با در نظر گرفتن بررسی های آنلاین مصرف کنندگان در یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته-2021
This research builds two-period game models to address the choice issues of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)’s licensing strategy and the Independent Remanufacturer (IR)’s distribution channel, considering consumer online reviews in a closed-loop supply chain. In both periods, the OEM sells new products by the direct distribution channel. In period 2, the OEM determines the licensing strategy (the fixed or royalty fee) to authourize the IR to remanufacture, and then the IR chooses the distribution channel (direct or indirect) for remanufactured products. Interestingly, our results show that the IR prefers the direct channel when the remanufacturing cost is smaller. And the obtained willingness-to-pay (WTP) from consumer online reviews has a positive impact on the threshold value of the remanufacturing cost. Moreover, we find that the OEM’s licensing strategy choice depends on the sizes of the fixed licensing fee and the obtained WTP. The OEM will choose the royalty licensing strategy to the IR who has chosen the direct channel, when the fixed fee and the obtained WTP are smaller. Finally, we find the optimal royalty fee, numerically examine the impact of the interaction among these factors on consumer surplus and social welfare, and relax the basic assumption to show the robustness of our model.
Keywords: Remanufacturing | Distribution Channel | Licensing strategy | Consumer online reviews |Pricing
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Disproportionate redemption discounting: Mental accounting of discounted credit
تنزیل بازخرید نامتناسب: حسابداری ذهنی اعتبارِ تخفیف خورده-2021
Redeeming purchases using discounted credit (i.e., store credit bought at a lower price than its face value) is widespread, but its mental accounting implications remain unclear. This work finds that consumers making multiple redemptions on separate occasions with the same discounted credit do not perceive all redemptions as equally discounted. Redemptions made earlier in that discounted credit’s spending life cycle (upstream re- demptions) are perceived as less discounted than redemptions made later (downstream redemptions). This “disproportionate redemption discounting” effect occurs because users feel more certain that they can deplete their credit when they make downstream redemptions and feel like they have the freedom to mentally assign the discounted credit savings unevenly among multiple redemptions. Relatedly, individuals have higher willingness to pay when making downstream redemptions than upstream redemptions. Disproportionate redemption dis- counting and its’ behavioral consequences are unique to discounted credit and do not generalize to all store credit.
keywords: اعتبار تخفیف یافته | حسابداری ذهنی | ادراکات هزینه | تبلیغات قیمت | Discounted credit | Mental accounting | Cost perceptions | Price promotions
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Redefining recovery: Accounts of treatment experiences of dependent cannabis users in Nigeria
بازسازی دوباره بازیابی: حساب های تجربیات درمان از کاربران وابسته به کانابیس وابسته در نیجریه-2021
Background: Research on addiction recovery describes recovery as a process leading to cessation of drug use. Few researchers have explored alternative views of recovery, and the interplay of individuals’ agency and social context in the recovery process. This study explored situated understandings of recovery among cannabis users that emphasized process and contingency. Methods: We conducted the study in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria. Participants were current (street-involved) cannabis users aged 21 to 34 (n = 97), recruited through time-location sampling. The study collected data through in-depth, individual interviews, which study staff transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Results: Participants’ accounts indicated a quest for treatment as a means of recovery and redemption (i.e., repairing an identity damaged by dependent cannabis use). Relapse affected recovery when participants defined the latter as abstinence. Framing recovery this way showed the effects of social and structural factors on indi- vidual agency and treatment experiences. Yet some participants’ accounts highlighted a redefinition of recovery as a process (“recovering”), measured by such outcomes as reduced drug use and improved overall well-being. Conclusions: Reframing recovery, as some participants’ accounts in our study capture, speaks to the need for treatment programs that are informed by the principles of harm reduction and health promotion. Instead of foisting a singular treatment goal defined as total abstinence onto drug users seeking treatment, treatment should be attuned to the experiences and life circumstances of users and support them in achieving their recovery goals.
keywords: آژانس | شاهدانه | هویت | نیجریه | بهبود | رفتار | Agency | Cannabis | Identity | Nigeria | Recovery | Treatment
مقاله انگلیسی
7 عکس العمل های شناختی، عاطفی و رفتاری مصرف کننده به واقعیت افزوده در تجارت الکترونیک: مطالعه تطبیقی
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 17 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 36
این مقاله به بررسی مزیت نسبی واقعیت افزوده نسبت به ارائه محصول در وب می پردازد. مدل واکنش مصرف کننده را طراحی کرده و واکنش مصرف کنندگان به نرم افزار مکانی آی کی ایی ای و وب سایت موبایلی آی کی ایی ای در گوشی های هوشمند مقایسه می کنیم. نتایج نشان می دهد که واقعیت افزوده عملکرد بهتری نسبت به ارائه محصول در وب سایت دارد در حالی که عکس قضیه به ازای کارایی رسانه درست است. نتایج نشان می دهد ارائه محصول در وب با ایجاد لذت واکنش عاطفی (پسند محصول، لذت جویی) و شناختی (اثربخشی محصول، اعتماد انتخابی) به ویژگی واقعیت افزوده همراه است. برای دستیابی به قصد خرید بالا، آنها باید تعامل را با مشتری افزایش دهند و از محصول انتخاب شده اطمینان یابند.
کلید واژه ها: واقعیت افزوده | بازاریابی واقعیت افزوده | همخوانی واقعیت شناخته شده | سیستم واکنش مصرف کننده | تجارت الکترونیکی | نمایش محصول
مقاله ترجمه شده
8 Women backing women: The role of crowdfunding in empowering female consumer-investors and entrepreneurs
حمایت زنان از زنان: نقش سرمایه گذاری جمعی در توانمندسازی مصرف کنندگان زن و سرمایه گذاران-2020
Compared with their male counterparts, female entrepreneurs receive a disproportionately small amount of funding. One frequently cited reason for this disparity is the lack of female representation in the entrepreneurial funding decision-making process. Today, crowdfunding offers an innovative avenue for both male and female entrepreneurs and democratizes the funding decision-making process. Individual consumers (i.e., consumer- investors or backers) can now unite to influence funding outcomes. Yet, questions remain as to the motivations and behaviors of these backers supporting entrepreneurial projects through crowdfunding. This study integrates social capital theory along with the theory of choice homophily to examine the motivating factors of both male and female backers. It tests the conceptual model by analyzing empirical data collected from more than 2,000 Spanish crowdfunding backers. The findings confirm that compared with male backers, female backers support internal and external social ties to a greater extent when deciding on what projects to support.
Keywords: Crowdfunding | Entrepreneurship | Innovation | Startups | Social capital | Female empowerment
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Energy management of wind-PV-storage-grid based large electricity consumer using robust optimization technique
مدیریت انرژی مصرف کننده بزرگ برق مبتنی بر شبکه بادی و PV با استفاده از روش بهینه سازی قدرتمند -2020
Large electricity consumers (LEC) can purchase energy from various energy resources such as bilateral contracts, pool market, micro-turbines, battery storage systems, wind turbines, photovoltaic panels (PV). The uncertainty of market price leads to uncertainty in the total cost to the LEC. Therefore, in this article, the robust optimization (RO) technique is provided to investigate the uncertainty of the pool market price in the presented problem. Also, demand response program (DRP) is provided to decrease the purchased cost to the LEC as much as possible. According to the obtained results, without considering DRP, purchased cost is approximately $40,253.252 and $42,586.984, respectively in the risk-neutral strategy (ideal condition) and robust strategy (worst condition). Furthermore, the purchased cost is reduced nearly $36,945.362 and $39,789.267 in the risk-neutral and robust strategies with considering DRP. So, it can be concluded that the purchased cost to the LEC with considering DRP is reduced 8.2% and 6.5% in risk-neutral and robust strategies, respectively.
Keywords: Large electricity consumers (LEC) | Wind turbine | Photovoltaic panel (PV) | Demand response program (DRP) | Robust optimization approach (RO)
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Smart users for smart technologies: Investigating the intention to adopt smart energy consumption behaviors
کاربران هوشمند برای فناوری های هوشمند: بررسی قصد اتخاذ رفتارهای مصرف انرژی هوشمند-2020
Smart grid technologies have the potential to overcome several environmental, social, and technical problems associated with the current electricity production and consumption modes. However, the adoption of smart grids requires a change in users’ behavior. This study investigates the individual-level motivational factors that affect the intention to adopt “smart consumption and production behaviors”. Understanding these factors is important for implementing effective behavioral change initiatives that would facilitate the diffusion of smart grids. Ajzens theory of planned behavior is applied to explain the formation of such an adoption intention. With a questionnaire survey distributed to a random sample of consumers, an elicitation study is conducted to obtain salient modal beliefs. Data collected from the main survey are analyzed using structural equation modeling. Consistent with the theory, the results of the structural equation analysis reveals that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively affect the adoption intention. Specifically, the study finds that the variable with the highest estimated loading factor perceived behavioral control, and the most important belief linked with attitude is energy savings. Further investigation indicates that the added exogenous variable, resistance to change, has a negative influence on intention. Results confirm the explanatory power of the theoretical model and provide valuable knowledge for individuals and institutions interested in facilitating the diffusion of smart grids via the implementation of behavioral change initiatives.
Keywords: Adoption of innovation | Consumers’ behavior | Energy management | Smart grid | Theory of planned behavior
مقاله انگلیسی
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