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نتیجه جستجو - مقاله رایگان مدیریت پروژه 2018

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 71
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A survey on the Software Project Scheduling Problem
یک بررسی روی مشکل زمان بندی نرم افزاری پروژه-2018
Creating a plan for a software project is a recurring activity in software development organizations that plays a critical role in the project success. When creating a plan for a project, these organizations must deal with the problem of allocating resources to tasks in the project. Because of its importance, there has been considerable research focused on finding ways to solve this problem, which is known as the Software Project Scheduling Problem (SPSP). Solving this problem usually focuses on creating a schedule for a project with minimal duration and cost. As part of our work, we have found only one survey about the SPSP, however it focuses primarily on the methods used to solve it, while the rest of the surveys focus primarily on other scheduling problems such as the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem. In this paper, we present a survey of the current research focused on solving the SPSP. For this survey, we have analyzed and classified a number of research studies considering a set of criteria that include: the model used to represent the problem, the optimization goals, the optimization techniques used to solve the problem, the methodology used to evaluate the different approaches, and the main results. From our analysis, we produce a set of general observations and provide suggestions that we believe can be useful for future research in this field.
keywords: Project scheduling |Software project scheduling problem |Survey |Planning model |Optimization algorithms
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Understanding crowdsourcing projects: A systematic review of tendencies, workflow, and quality management
درک پروژه های منبع یابی گروهی: یک مرور سیستماتیک روی گرایش ها، جریان کار و مدیریت کیفیت-2018
Crowdsourcing is a powerful method that leverages human intelligence to solve problems in the medical, linguistics, machine learning, and in a considerable number of other fields of study. This systematic review aims to understand how crowdsourcing projects are designed and executed in the state-of-the-art, considering the following dimensions: Task execution, quality management, and platform usage. Our results summarized trends of the important aspects of a crowdsourcing project, such as crowd and task types, crowdsourcing platforms, and activities used to manage the quality; we also addressed functions and limitations in traditional crowdsourcing platforms, the definition of a crowdsourcing workflow, and the lack of standardization when developing a crowdsourcing project. As future works, we wish to design a conceptual model that represents the important elements of a crowdsourcing project and their relationships, also, we wish to do further researchers focusing on how the quality mechanisms listed in this work should be used in crowdsourcing projects to get reliable results.
keywords: Previous articleNext article Keywords: Systematic review| Crowdsourcing| Crowdsourcing projects| Quality management| Crowdsourcing workflow
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Modeling project criticality in IT project portfolios
مدلسازی بحرانی بودن پروژه در پروژه های فناوری اطلاعات-2018
Todays IT project portfolios (ITPP) contain many projects and varied interdependencies. Depending on a projects criticality to the ITPP, a failure can have massive consequences. However, existing methods usually only assess overall project portfolio risk and do not account for the criticality of single projects and their dependencies. Applying Bayesian network modeling to ITPPs, we bridge this gap and extend the current body of knowledge for the information systems and project management literatures. Our new method analyzes single projects criticality in a portfolio context by considering both transitive dependencies and different dependency types in an integrated way. Since we demonstrate that single projects criticality can vary substantially, being aware of which projects are critical is a key success factor for ITPP management. For practitioners, our method provides a straightforward procedure to enhance ITPP risk management.
keywords: IT project portfolio management |IT project criticality |Bayesian network |Interdependencies
مقاله انگلیسی
4 The process of social alignment and misalignment within a complex IT project
فرآیند همترازی و ناهمترازی اجتماعی با یک پروژه پیچیده فناوری اطلاعات-2018
Project management is more efficient and effective when project stakeholders are socially aligned on what the project objectives are and how they should be achieved. This outcome occurs because social alignment reduces the friction amongst stakeholders each time a project management decision is made. Yet, how social alignment develops or dissolves over time in a complex project is unknown. This research develops a dynamic model of social alignment and misalignment, and it identifies some of the project controls that appear to affect their development. Drawing on interview and observational data from 17 respondents involved in a complex health-IT project over a two-year period, we show that social alignment and misalignment involve eight stages – separation, disrespect, lack of cross-discipline participation and social misalignment through to learning, respect, cross-discipline participation and ultimately, social alignment. The research has implications for how researchers theorize social alignment in complex projects and how practitioners can facilitate its development.
keywords: Social Alignment |Project Management |IT Project |Stakeholders |Project Stakeholders
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Managing risks in public-private partnership formation projects
مدیریت خطرات در پروژه های تشکیل شراکت دولتی - خصوصی-2018
While sourcing by means of Public-Private Partnerships has been lauded over recent years, increasingly risks appear to jeopardise public organisations unique societal tasks. Integrated Risk Management has not yet been applied to public organisations getting involved in PPP in the sense of understanding risk management capabilities. This article explores risk awareness and risk management practices underpinning maintenance partnership formation by means of a dual case study of two PPP projects and a short industry survey. The results suggest that organisations face several “intolerable risks” linked to project governance and project management responsibilities: insufficient representation of qualified employees, absence of a shared performance system, assignment of responsibilities and decision-making authority, impractical or inappropriate partnership agreement, and timing of the partnership initiative. Cross-case analysis revealed the role of different levels of risk awareness and senior management involvement. Drawing on these findings, a framework for risk management for PPP formation projects is developed.
keywords: Public-private partnership |Partnership formation |Alliance management |Project management |Risk management |Governance mechanisms |Capabilities
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Project complexity and team-level absorptive capacity as drivers of project management performance
پیچیدگی پروژه و ظرفیت جذب سطح تیمی به عنوان محرک های عملکرد مدیریت پروژه-2018
Many believe that project complexity reduces project management performance. However, so far research has failed to establish this causal relationship conclusively. We extend research on project complexity by introducing the concept of team-level absorptive capacity and by studying its role as mediator between project complexity and project management success. Applying structural equation modelling to a sample of 285 respondents, we find an unequivocal, direct and positive statistical association between project complexity and delays and overspending. Further, we show that team-level absorptive capacity is critical for successful project management, but also that absorptive capacity can only partially offset the harmful impact of project complexity. Beyond adding to project management theory, the paper contributes to the wider management literature. We establish complexity as an antecedent of absorptive capacity and demonstrate how each dimension of absorptive capacity has unique determinants and outcomes.
keywords: Project management success |Project management performance |Project complexity |Absorptive capacity
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Doing strategy in project-based organizations: Actors and patterns of action
انجام راهبرد در سازمان های مبتنی بر پروژه: کنشگرها و الگوهای کنش-2018
In the project management literature, projects have often been conceptualized as mere implementation sites of organizational strategy. However, such rationalization seldom draws on empirical evidence of strategy as it unfolds at the micro-level and at the interfaces between projects and the organization. Drawing on rich case-study data, this article explores strategy as-it-is-practiced in a large project-based organization. Using a Strategy-as-Practice lens to identify key patterns of strategizing actions, we found that project mind-sets and skill-sets afforded project actors legitimacy to act as strategists on all organizational levels. Project actualities therefore broadly shape strategy in the organization, and play a much larger role in organizational strategizing than typically portrayed in the literature. The findings are used to suggest new perspectives regarding who are strategists and what strategy is in project-based organizations, and outline new directions for a revitalized research agenda on strategy in the project-management field.
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مقاله انگلیسی
8 Analysis of the risk-sharing ratio in PPP projects based on government minimum revenue guarantees
تحلیل نسبت به اشتراک گذایر خطر در پروژه های PPP برمبنای تضمین های دولتی حداقل درآمد-2018
Public-private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely applied in infrastructure construction. A suitable risk distribution strategy is crucial for promoting negotiations between the government and investors. The government usually provides guarantees to investors to distribute risk. However, an excessive guarantee increases the governments financial burden, whereas an insufficient guarantee reduces the confidence of the investors participating in the project. In a minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), the government subsidizes the investors the difference between the actual revenue and the government guarantee line if there is a loss. In PPP power plant and highway projects, investors revenues come from two sources: government guarantees and the project companys self-sale. To support project companies and to optimize the projects benefits, the government should set a reasonable benchmark for purchase amounts. Based on the traditional principal-agent model, this paper introduces the reciprocal preference theory to analyze the risk-sharing ratio most suitable for the government. Then, an optimal incentive mechanism is established to guarantee the projects income. The results indicate that by setting a different guarantee strategy for different participants, the government can utilize reciprocal preference to incentivize investors to exert more effort during a partnership and avoid moral hazard.
keywords: PPP projects |Reciprocal preference |Minimum revenue guarantee |Risk sharing ratio
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Temporal conditioning and the dynamics of inter-institutional projects
شرایط موقتی و پویایی های پروژه های بین - نهادی-2018
This paper presents an in-depth and processual case study of a major infrastructural innovation project involving diverse private and public-sector organizations. The case study shows how organizing developed recursively in response to diverging temporal requirements, induced by the temporal institutional complexity facing the project. We introduce the idea of temporal conditioning to demonstrate how large-scale temporary organizations dynamically cope with conflicting temporal institutional requirements by making use of three strategies: (1) temporal avoidance, (2) temporal splitting, and (3) temporal matching. With its focus on the emergence of the project, this paper adds to our understanding of the dynamics of organizing in temporary and institutionally pluralistic settings – settings that put greater pressures on our ability to deal with conflicting institutional requirements pertaining to time and timing. Accordingly, we offer a new perspective on the dynamics of large-scale projects and how they respond to a particular kind of institutional complexity.
keywords: Project |Temporary organization |Temporal conditioning |Time |Time reckoning
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Toward a model of socializing project team members: An integrative approach
به سوی یک مدل اجتماعی سازی اعضای تیم پروژه: یک دیدگاه یکپارچه-2018
Project work is becoming more and more important in everyday business, as is staffing the right newcomers for the project. Recognizing that not all new project team workers possess equally important specific knowledge, skills and abilities for the success of projects, we draw on project management, human resource management, and organizational socialization literature to develop a framework on how new project team members might be socialized, depending on their strategic value for the project. We specifically draw on the socialization tactics literature and propose how four categories of new employees – Internal specialists, External specialists, External generalists and Internal generalists; based on two dimensions – work task complexity and employment mode, can be socialized more effectively. Implications for theory and practice are discussed as well.
keywords: Projects |Project teams |Complexity |Employment mode |Organizational socialization |Socialization tactics
مقاله انگلیسی
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