با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
Evolving challenges and strategies for fungal control in the food supply chain
چالش ها و استراتژی های در حال کنترل برای کنترل قارچ در زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی-2021 Fungi that spoil foods or infect crops can have major socioeconomic impacts, posing threats to food security. The strategies needed to manage these fungi are evolving, given the growing incidence of fungicide resistance, tightening regulations of chemicals use and market trends imposing new food-preservation challenges. For example, alternative methods for crop protection such as RNA-based fungicides, biocontrol, or stimulation of natural plant defences may lessen concerns like environmental toxicity of chemical fungicides. There is renewed focus on natural product preservatives and fungicides, which can bypass regulations for ‘clean label’ food products. These require investment to find effective, safe activities within complex mixtures such as plant extracts. Alternatively, physical measures may be one key for fungal control, such as polymer materials which passively resist attachment and colonization by fungi. Reducing or replacing traditional chlorine treatments (e.g. of post-harvest produce) is desirable to limit formation of disinfection by-products. In addition, the current growth in lower sugar food products can alter metabolic routing of carbon utilization in spoilage yeasts, with implications for efficacy of food preservatives acting via metabolism. The use of preservative or fungicide combinations, while involving more than one chemical, can reduce total chemicals usage where these act synergistically. Such approaches might also help target different subpopulations within heteroresistant fungal populations. These approaches are discussed in the context of cur- rent challenges for food preservation, focussing on pre-harvest fungal control, fresh pro- duce and stored food preservation. Several strategies show growing potential for mitigating or reversing the risks posed by fungi in the food supply chain.ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Simon.Avery@nottingham.ac.uk (S. V. Avery).1 Authors made equal contributions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2021.01.0031749-4613/ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords: Agrichemicals | Antimicrobial resistance | Food spoilage | Phytopathogens | Spoilage fungi |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance Stakeholder mapping Veterinary drugs Policy regulation Supply chain Public and private sector collaboration National action plan
درک زنجیره تأمین آنتی بیوتیک های دامپزشکی برای رفع مقاومت ضد میکروبی در PDR لائوس: نقش ها و تعاملات سهامداران درگیر-2021 In response to the global call to mitigate risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), new regulations on the access and use of veterinary antibiotics are currently being developed by the Lao government. This study aims to explore how the implementation of these new regulations might effectively reduce and adapt the sale, distribution and use of veterinary antibiotics in Lao PDR. To this end, we used the theory of change, framing the AMR issue within the context of the stakeholders involved in the veterinary antibiotics supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, based on questionnaires (n=36 antibiotic suppliers, n=96 chicken farmers, n=96 pig farmers), and participatory tools such as a workshop (n=10 participants), semi-structured interviews (n=20), and focus group discussions (n=7 participants). The stakeholders understanding of the AMR issue and potential challenges related to the implementation of new regulations regarding access and use of antibiotics, were also investigated. We mapped the veterinary antibiotic supply chain in Lao PDR, and analysed the roles and interactions of its stakeholders. Twenty-three stakeholders representing the private and the public sectors were identified. Many informal and formal links connected these stakeholder within this supply chain. The lack of veterinarian-farmer interaction and the evolving nature of the veterinary antibiotics supply chain accentuated the challenges of achieving behaviour change through regulations. Most of the antibiotics found on farms were categorized by the World Health Organizations as critically important antibiotics used in human medicine. We argue that AMR risk mitigation strategy requires dialogue and engagement between private and publicsectors stakeholders, involved in the importation, distribution, sale and use of veterinary antibiotics. This study further highlighted that AMR is a complex adaptive challenge requiring multi-sectoral approach. We believed that a sustainable approach to reduce and adapt veterinary antibiotics use should be prepared in collaboration with stakeholders from private and public sectors identified in this study, in addition to the new regulations. This collaboration should start with the co-construction of a common understanding of AMR issue and of the objectives of new regulations. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance | Stakeholder mapping | Veterinary drugs | Policy regulation | Supply chain | Public and private sector collaboration | National action plan |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Impact of hygiene on bacterial contamination in extended boar semen: An eight-year retrospective study of 28 European AI centers
تأثیر بهداشت بر آلودگی باکتریایی در منی گسترده گراز: مطالعه هشت ساله گذشته نگر از 28 مرکز هوش مصنوعی اروپا-2020 Antibiotic agents such as gentamicin represent essential components of semen extenders in order to
reduce bacterial contamination. But antibiotic resistance increases and AI centers start utilizing antibiotic
agents which are more potent. Therefore, a shift to preventing bacterial contamination has to take place.
In this study, we could demonstrate that hygiene is a tool capable of reducing bacterial load. In order to
analyze 1434 extended semen samples and nine specially established hygienic critical control points
(HCCPs, n ¼ 828), 92 quality control audits have been carried out in a time period from 2012 until 2019 in
28 European AI centers. The results show the process of introducing a basic hygienic standard in audit 1
(2012/2013) and 2 (2014/2015) and the resulting achievements by means of improved hygienic conditions
in audit 3 (2016/2017) and 4 (2018/2019). Within the scope of audit 1, 19% of the semen samples
were contaminated with bacteria (cutoff 100 colony-forming units/mL). Audit 2 showed a bacterial load
of 13.6% whereas during audit 3 and 4 very low bacterial contamination rates were recorded (4.5 and
5.5%, respectively). In the same manner, analysis of hygiene at different CCPs during semen production
showed a decrease in all average HCCP-scores (score 1e6) comparing audit 4 to 1. By regression analysis
we could show a significant audit-dependent association of the bacterial contamination in semen
samples and hygiene of HCCPs. Furthermore, analysis of the odds ratio (OR) reveals that the bacterial
contamination of certain HCCPs poses an increased risk of receiving bacterially contaminated semen
samples (filling machine: OR ¼ 3.02, P ¼ 0.06; extender: OR ¼ 8.97, P < 0.001; inner face of dilution tank
lids: OR ¼ 3.14, P ¼ 0.09). Around 60% of the variance of the bacterial contamination in semen samples
could be explained by hygienic conditions at different control points and their interaction with audit
period and AI center. Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health but
excessive or inappropriate use can lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria. As shown in our study,
hygiene management can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is therefore capable of preventing
antibiotic resistance. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance | Bacteria | Bacterial contamination | Boar semen | Boar semen preservation | Hygiene |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
اپیدمیولوژی و مقاومت ضد میکروبی در میان بخش های مراقبت ویژه در بیمارستان وابسته به دانشگاه شانگ های
سال انتشار: 2014 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 18 سابقه و هدف / هدف: هدف از این مطالعه طبقه بندی واحد مراقبت های ویژه (ICU) باکتری هم ICU-اکتسابی و یا ICU پذیرش و مقایسه خصوصیات اپیدمیولوژیک و آنتی بیوگرام می باشد.
مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه در یک بیمارستان وابسته به دانشگاه 1300 تخت طی بازه زمانی 1 ژانویه در سال 2006 تا 31دسامبر 2010 صورت گرفت. با توجه به زمان پذیرش ICU، ICU ایزوله شده از ICU اکتسابی مجزا شد (بیشتر از 48 ساعت و یا کمتر پس از طبقه بندی شدن پذیرش ظاهر می شود) و یا ICU بر روی فشار پذیرش (48 ساعت یا کمتر از بستری ظاهر می شود). داده میکروبیولوژیکی قبل از بستری ICU، داده میکروبیولوژیکی، و تست حساسیت بین ICU اکتسابی و ICU پذیرش بر روی باکتریها ورودی ایزوله شده مقایسه شد.
یافته ها: شایع ترین گونه های-ICU اکتسابی اسینتوباکتر بومانی (19.5٪)، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا (15.6٪)، استنوتروفوموناس مالتوفیلیا (11.5٪)، استافیلوکوک اورئوس (10.7٪)، گونه های انتروکوک (10.6٪) و کلبسیلا پنومونیه (9.7٪) مشاهده شدند. تفاوت معنی داری بین ICU اکتسابی و ICU پذیرش مجزا روی بستری مجزا شده در کشت نرخ حساسیت باکتری های گرم- منفی به آنتی بیوتیک ها، به خصوص حساسیت نوع Aصورت گرفت. بومانی به ایمی پنم [23.8٪ (ICU اکتسابی) در مقابل 44.4٪ (ICU پذیرش)، 0.001p> و مروپنم (24.1٪ در مقابل KHA gooz ٪37.8، 0.001p> و حساسیت سودوموناس به ایمی پنم (39.3٪ در مقابل 76.1٪، ) مشاهده شد.
کلمات کلیدی: آنتی بیوگرام | عفونت های مراقبت های ویژه اکتسابی | نرخ حساسیت |
مقاله ترجمه شده |