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1 |
Secure firmware Over-The-Air updates for IoT: Survey, challenges, and discussions
به روز رسانی ایمن میان افزار خارج از هوا برای اینترنت اشیا: بررسی، چالش ها و بحث ها-2022 The Internet of Things (IoT) market has shown strong growth in recent years, where many
manufacturers of IoT devices and IoT-related service providers are competing. Time to market
has become essential to be competitive. The faster a competitor develops and integrates his
product, the more likely he is to dominate the market. This competition could lead to critical
security issues due to the lack of testing or the short development time. Moreover, lots of
IoT devices present some vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. They are also
constantly subject to Zero-days, which require quick intervention to maintain the security of
the environments in which they are deployed in. For these purposes, the quick update of the
firmware image of these IoT devices is an effective way to counter most of these attacks. This
document starts by defining the firmware update mechanisms for IoT, and in particular the ones
done Over-The-Air. Then presents a state-of-the-art of the currently proposed solutions, with the
particularity of surveying from the literature, the standardization bodies and from some well known industrial solutions. It also proposes a new classification of the different types of System
on Chip (SoC) present in the marketed IoT devices together with an analysis of the different
challenges and threats related to the OTA update. The objective is to open up the horizon for
future research directions.
keywords: دستگاه های اینترنت اشیا | نرم افزار | به روز رسانی | خارج از هوا | امنیت | حریم خصوصی | بررسی | مرور | چالش ها | تهدیدات | زنجیره اعتماد | IoT devices | Firmware | Updates | Over-The-Air | Security | Privacy | State of the art | Survey | Challenges | Threats | Trust chain |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
A framework for intelligent IoT firmware compliance testing
چارچوبی برای تست سازگاری سیستم عامل اینترنت اشیاء هوشمند-2022 The recent mass production and usage of the Internet of Things (IoT) have posed serious concerns due to the
unavoidable security complications. The firmware of IoT systems is a critical component of IoT security. Although
multiple organizations have released security guidelines, few IoT vendors are following these guidelines properly,
either due to a lack of accountability or the availability of appropriate resources. Some tools for this purpose can
use static, dynamic, or fuzzing techniques to test the security of IoT firmware, which may result in false positives
or failure to discover vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the vast majority of resources are devoted to a single subject,
such as networking protocols, web interfaces, or Internet of Things computer applications. This paper aims to
present a novel method for conducting compliance testing and vulnerability evaluation on IoT system firmware,
communication interfaces, and networking services using static and dynamic analysis. The proposed system detects a broad range of security bugs across a wide range of platforms and hardware architectures. To test and
validate our prototype, we ran tests on 4300 firmware images and discovered 13,000þ compliance issues. This
work, we believe, will be the first step toward developing a reliable automated compliance testing framework for
the IoT manufacturing industry and other stakeholders.
keywords: اینترنت اشیا | امنیت اینترنت اشیا | تست انطباق | آسیب پذیری های میان افزار | IoT | IoT security | Compliance testing | Firmware vulnerabilities |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Fog Node Self-Control Middleware: Enhancing context awareness towards autonomous decision making in Fog Colonies
میان افزار خودکنترلی گره مه: افزایش آگاهی از زمینه به سمت تصمیم گیری مستقل در کلونی های مه-2022 The concept of Fog Colonies has recently been introduced in Fog Computing, and is rapidly
gaining attention. As Fog Colonies are extended, Fog Colony Control mechanisms have gained
significant interest. Although, there are numerous solutions efficiently supporting a Context
Aware coordinating entity, exploring approaches for decentralized control remains a challenge.
Towards this direction, there are efforts promoting the concept of autonomous Fog Nodes,
making their own decisions with internalized control without the existence of a coordinating
entity. In this paper we propose and implement a Context Aware Self-Control management
middleware for Fog Nodes, enabling their Self-Management utilizing contextual information
shared between Fog colony members. To that end, we employ Policy Rulebooks to define
Context Aware Policies that each Fog Node can enforce. Finally, we evaluated the proposed
middleware against a non Context Aware one, under exactly the same conditions, using a
real-world smart building use case, focusing on performance issues related to the end-user.
keywords: Fog Computing Fog Node | Fog Colony Management | Distributed Control Software | Self Control Middleware | Autonomous Fog Nodes | Context awareness | Operational policies |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Toward a hardware man-in-the-middle attack on PCIe bus
به سوی حمله سخت افزاری در میان افزار شکاف PCIe -2020 The growing need for high rate communication of recent embedded systems is leading to the adoption of the PCIe protocol (Peripheral Component Interconnect express) as an internal data bus. This technology is used in some recent smartphones, and will probably be adopted globally in the next few years. The communication between the processor (in the SoC) and its memory through the PCIe bus represents an important source of information for criminal investigations. In this paper, we present a new attack vector on PCIe based on a hardware Man-in-the-Middle. This system allows real-time data analysis, data-replay, and a copy technique inspired by the shadow-copy principle. Through this one, it is possible to locate, duplicate, and replay sensitive data. The main challenge here is to develop an architecture compliant with PCIe protocol constraints, such as response time, frequency, and throughput, in order to be non-detectable to the communication parts. We designed a proof of concept of an emulator based on a computer with PCIe 3.0 bus and a Stratix 5 FPGA with an endpoint PCIe port as a development target. Keywords: Hardware | Man-in-the-Middle | Security | Smartphones | Forensic | PCIe |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
تقویت میان افزار بر مبنی کاربردهای اینترنت اشیا از طریق مکانیسم مدیریت زمان اجرای قابل جابجایی کیفیت سرویس کاربرد برای یک M2M سازگار با میان افزار IOT
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 22 در سال های اخیر؛ در مخابرات و شبکه های کامپیوتری از طریق مجازی سازی عملکرد شبکه (NFV) و شبکه های تعریف شده نرم افزار (SDN)، مفاهیم و تکنولوژی های جدیدی را شاهد بوده اید. SDN، به برنامه های کاربردی برای کنترل شبکه اجازه می دهد، و NFV، اجازه می دهد تا توزیع توابع شبکه در محیط های مجازی، امکان پذیر شوند، اینها دو نمونه ای هستند که به طور فزاینده ای برای اینترنت اشیا (IoT) استفاده می شود. این اینترنت (IoT) وعده را به ارمغان می آورد که در چند سال آینده میلیاردها دستگاه را به هم متصل کند، و چالش های علمی متعددی را به ویژه در مورد رضایت از کیفیت خدمات (QoS) مورد نیاز برنامه های کاربردی IOT افزایش دهد. به منظور حل این مشکل، ما دو چالش را با توجه به QoS شناسایی کرده ایم: شبکه های متقاطع و نهادهای میانجی که اجازه می دهد تا برنامه با دستگاه های IoT ارتباط برقرار کند. در این مقاله؛ در ابتدا یک چشم انداز نواورانه از یک "عملکرد شبکه" با توجه به محیط توسعه و استقرار آن ارائه می کنیم. سپس، رویکرد کلی از یک راه حل که شامل گسترش پویا، مستقل و یکپارچه از مکانیزم های مدیریت QoS است، را توصیف می کنیم. همچنین مقررات اجرای چنین رویکردی را توصیف می کنیم. در نهایت؛ یک مکانیزم هدایتگر ارائه می کنیم، که به عنوان یک تابع شبکه اجرا می شود، و اجازه کنترل یکپارچه مسیر داده ها از یک ترافیک میان افزار مشخص را می دهد. این مکانیسم از طریق استفاده مربوط به حمل و نقل خودرو ارزیابی می شود.
کلمات کلیدی: اینترنت اشیا | کیفیت سرویس | میان افزار | چارچوب نمونه | گسترش پویا | عملکرد شبکه | محاسبات خودکار. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
6 |
Middleware technologies for cloud of things-a survey
تکنولوژی های میان افزار برای ابرهای اشیاء - یک مرور -2017 The next wave of communication and applications will rely on new services provided by the Internet of Things
which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. IoT services are a key solution for
providing smart environments in homes, buildings, and cities. In the era of massive number of connected things
and objects with high growth rate, several challenges have been raised, such as management, aggregation, and
storage for big produced data. To address some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to the IoT as Cloud of
Things (CoT), which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large-scale IoT platforms. There
are several factors to be considered in the design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most
important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by
deploying a suitable “Middleware” which sits between things and applications as a reliable platform for
communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of
this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features
and characteristics of middlewares. Next, we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then, we
presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT-based platforms and finally, a list of current challenges
and issues in the design of CoT-based middlewares are discussed.
Keywords: CoT | IoT | Middleware | Fog computing | Cloud |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
A mobile crowd sensing ecosystem enabled by CUPUS: Cloud-based publish/subscribe middleware for the Internet of Things
اکوسیستم سنجش شوغی سیار فعال شده توسط CUPUS: میان افزار پخش / اشتراک مبتنی بر ابر برای اینترنت اشیا-2016 Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) is a novel class of mobile Internet of Things (IoT) applications for community
sensing where sensors and mobile devices jointly collect and share data of interest to observe phenomena
over a large geographic area. The inherent device mobility and high sensing frequency has the capacity
to produce dense and rich spatiotemporal information about our environment, but also creates new
challenges due to device dynamicity and energy constraints, as well as large volumes of generated raw
sensor data which need to be processed and analyzed to extract useful information for end users. The
paper presents an ecosystem for mobile crowd sensing which relies on the CloUd-based PUblish/Subscribe
middleware (CUPUS) to acquire sensor data from mobile devices in a flexible and energy-efficient manner
and to perform near real-time processing of Big Data streams. CUPUS has unique features compared
to other MCS platforms: It enables management of mobile sensor resources within the cloud, supports
filtering and aggregation of sensor data on mobile devices prior to its transmission into the cloud based
on global data requirements, and can push information of interest from the cloud to user devices in near
real-time. We present our experience with implementation and deployment of an MCS application for
air quality monitoring built on top of the CUPUS middleware. Our experimental evaluation shows that
CUPUS offers scalable processing performance, both on mobile devices and within the cloud, while its
data propagation delay is mainly affected by transmission delay on wireless links.
Keywords: Mobile crowd sensing | Publish/subscribe middleware | Internet of Things | Cloud service |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
طراحی معماری اینترنت اشیاء بر اساس محاسبات ابری
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 4 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 10 اهمیت و توسعه استفاده از اینترنت زنجیره صنعت اشیاء بحث شده است. ایده ها و روش های اساسی ترکیبی محاسبات ابری و اینترنت اشیاءتوصیف شده اند. همراه با محاسبات ابری، اینترنت یکپارچه چارچوب سیستم مدیریت عملیات اشیاء ایجاد شده است. چارچوب لایه میان افزار پلت فرم جدید از تکنولوژی محاسبات ابری، که تا حد زیادی بهره وری عملیاتی اینترنت اشیاء را بهبود می بخشد، استفاده می کند. بر اساس چارچوب تجارت اینترنت اشیاء، طرح عملیات ساخت و ساز پلت فرم ارائه شده است، می تواند به عنوان مرجع ساخت و ساز طراحی پلت فرم اینترنت اشیاء استفاده شود.
کلمات کلیدی: اینترنت اشیاء | پردازش ابری | طراحی پلت فرم |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
9 |
Engineering Future Internet applications: The Prime approach
آینده مهندسی برنامه های کاربردی اینترنت: رویکرد اولیه-2015 Article history:Received 23 June 2014Revised 30 March 2015Accepted 31 March 2015Available online 14 April 2015Keywords:Resource-oriented architecture MiddlewareFuture InternetThe Future Internet is envisioned as a worldwide environment connecting a large open-ended collection of heterogeneous and autonomous resources, namely Things, Services and Contents, which interact with each other anywhere and anytime. Applications will possibly emerge dynamically as opportunistic aggregation of resources available at a given time, and will be able to self-adapt according to the environment dynamics. In this context, engineers should be provided with proper modeling and programming abstractions to develop applications able to benefit from Future Internet, by being at the same time fluid, as well as dependable. Indeed, such abstractions should (i) facilitate the development of autonomous and independent interacting resources (loose coupling), (ii) deal with the run-time variability of the application in terms of involved resources (flexibility), (iii) provide mechanisms for run-time resources discovery and access (dynamism), and(iv) enable the running application to accommodate unforeseen resources (serendipity).To this end, Prime (P-Rest at design/run tIME) defines the P-REST architectural style, and a set of P-REST oriented modeling and programming abstractions to provide engineers with both design-time and run-time support for specifying, implementing and operating P-RESTful applications.© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Resource-oriented architecture | Middleware | Future Internet |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Middleware to Integrate Mobile Devices, Sensors and Cloud Computing
میان افزاری برای یکپارچه سازی دستگاه های موبایل، سنسور و محاسبات ابری-2015 The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the advantages of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) have drawn a big absorption from technological experts. This paper investigates the integration of IoT and MCC by introducing the service architecture towards the applications of mobile devices, sensors and Cloud computing. The proposed approach not only presents the cutting edge convergence between IoT and MCC but also focuses on the smart home scenario to answer the question what the benefits are, coming from the integration of IoT and MCC. A developmental process of DropLock architecture dedicated to Smart City is also presented to demonstrate this convergence.
Keywords: Internet of Things | Mobile Cloud Computing | Smart City | Service architecture |
مقاله انگلیسی |